Marine Benthos v4

For testing purpose only

Elementos de competitividad para la general Motors Colmotores, en el marco del TLC Colombia - USA

el primer capitulo de esta monografía, se va a entender de una manera concisa cual es la dinámica de funcionamiento de la industria automotriz en general, teniendo en cuenta sus diversas facetas, como lo son el ensamblaje automotriz y algunos aspectos de cómo se maneja en negocio en el ámbito comercial y su importancia dentro de la economía de los estados. En el segundo capitulo se contextualizara e ubicara dentro de un ámbito regional, pasando por como se estructura a nivel de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN), hasta llegar al panorama local colombiano, enfocándose en la General Motors Colmotores, como la ensambladora mas fuerte del mercado Colombiano en la actualidad. En el tercer capitulo se establecerá cual es el marco jurídico que rige al sector automotriz, partiendo desde una perspectiva subregional, con el estudio del convenio automotor andino, el cual se convierte en el piso jurídico del sector en el marco del TLC Estados Unidos – Colombia. En el cuarto capitulo se estudiara el caso de éxito de de la industria automotriz mexicana, bajo el marco del TLC México- Estados Unidos, el cual sirvió como factor de consolidación para el sector. Por ultimo se darán las conclusiones del estudio del tema y se emitirán unas pequeñas recomendaciones.

Manipulación manual de cargas y presencia de lumbalgia en los trabajadores de desempaque armada en General Motors Colmotores

Trabajo de grado enfocado a determinar la asociaciónexistente entre manipulación manual de cargas y la presencia de lumbalgia entrabajadores de un área determinada en una empresa ensambladora devehículos. Se abordan temas como anatomía y biomecánica de la columnalumbar, levantamiento manual de carga, lumbalgia y factores que contribuyen ala presencia de esta, los cuales sirvieron de soporte teórico en este trabajo.Esta es una investigación de tipo descriptivo, la cual se desarrolló en tres fases:revisión teórica, trabajo de campo y análisis y procesamiento de la información;concluyendo que existe una asociación entre la manipulación manual de cargasy la presencia de lumbalgia en los trabajadores del área estudiada, teniendoademás como resultados adicionales que la lumbalgia tiene un origenmultifactorial y los factores psicosociales juegan un papel importante en lapresencia de esta.

Recerca de jocs motors tradicionals a Catalunya i arreu del món : joc i diversitat intercultural, a l'educació infantil, primària i secundària. 'Investigación de juegos motores tradicionales en Cataluña y de todo el mundo : juego y diversidad intercultural, en la educación infantil, primaria y secundaria'.

Se confecciona un repertorio de juegos motores tradicionales. La secuencia lógica que sigue es partir de la realidad más cercana e+ inmediata para acercarse a otras culturas más alejadas. Se pone de manifiesto el carácter transcultural, casi universal, de esta manifestación humana. El estudio ofrece cincuenta juegos motores tradicionales de Cataluña y de todo el mundo. Se refuerza la utilización del juego como recurso y fuente de aprendizaje, con la intencionalidad educativa que en la práctica lúdica ayude a establecer relaciones basadas en el respeto y la tolerancia, favoreciendo la integración escolar y social con los alumnos, sobre todo de la población escolar con necesidades educativas específicas.

Els motors : rotors, aleps i pistons. La interpretació : l'esperit crític. 'Los motores : rotores, alabes y pistones. La interpretación : el espíritu crítico'.

Crédito de Tecnología del módulo nueve sobre motores. Contiene un conjunto de actividades destinadas a ayudar al niño a comprender el concepto de motor y a entrar dentro del funcionamiento de los motores más comunes de nuestro entorno y sus aplicaciones. El crédito incluye material de ayuda para el alumno, destinado a cubrir más de la mitad de las actividades de aprendizaje propuestas en el tercer nivel de concreción. Se dan pautas generales para la evaluación.

Synthesis of unusual alpha-amino acids and study of the effect of their incorporation into antimicrobial peptides. Total synthesis of biactive marine natural products and analogues thereof

The principle theme of this thesis was the synthesis of bioactive compounds. To this end, this work was focus on two main projects. The first one, which was carried out in the Department of Chemistry of the University of Girona under the supervision of Dr Montserrat Heras, concerned the synthesis of new unnatural amino acids bearing a pyrimidine ring within their side chain for incorporation into the antimicrobial peptide BP100 following a rational design in order to improve its biological profile. On the other hand, the second chapter of this thesis was developed in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Chimie Organique (ESPCI-ParisTech, Paris, France) under the guidance of Pr Janine Cossy and Dr Arseniyadis. This chapter was centered on the total synthesis of three marine natural products with complex structures and interesting biological activities: acremolide B, (–) bitungolide F and lyngbouilloside.

Population Change in a Marine Bird Colony is Driven By Changes in Recruitment

The population dynamics of long-lived birds are thought to be very sensitive to changes in adult survival. However, where natal philopatry is low, recruitment from the larger metapopulation may have the strongest effect on population growth rate even in long-lived species. Here, we illustrate such a situation where changes in a seabird colony size appeared to be the consequence of changes in recruitment. We studied the population dynamics of a declining colony of Ancient Murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus) at East Limestone Island, British Columbia. During 1990-2010, Ancient Murrelet chicks were trapped at East Limestone Island while departing to sea, using a standard trapping method carried on throughout the departure period. Adult murrelets were trapped while departing from the colony during 1990-2003. Numbers of chicks trapped declined during 1990-1995, probably because of raccoon predation, increased slightly from 1995-2000 and subsequently declined again. Reproductive success was 30% lower during 2000-2003 than in earlier years, mainly because of an increase in desertions. The proportion of nonbreeders among adult birds trapped at night also declined over the study period. Mortality of adult birds, thought to be mainly prebreeders, from predators more than doubled over the same period. Apparent adult survival of breeders remained constant during 1991-2002 once the first year after banding was excluded, but the apparent survival rates in the first year after banding fell and the survival of birds banded as chicks to age three halved over the same period. A matrix model of population dynamics suggested that even during the early part of the study immigration from other breeding areas must have been substantial, supporting earlier observations that natal philopatry in this species is low. The general colony decline after 2000 probably was related to diminished recruitment, as evidenced by the lower proportion of nonbreeders in the trapped sample. Hence the trend is determined by the recruitment decisions of externally reared birds, rather than demographic factors operating on the local breeding population, an unusual situation for a colonial marine bird. Because of the contraction in the colony it may now be subject to a level of predation pressure from which recovery will be impossible without some form of intervention.

Mortality of Migratory Birds from Marine Commercial Fisheries and Offshore Oil and Gas Production in Canada

There is an imminent need for conservation and best-practice management efforts in marine ecosystems where global-scale declines in the biodiversity and biomass of large vertebrate predators are increasing and marine communities are being altered. We examine two marine-based industries that incidentally take migratory birds in Canada: (1) commercial fisheries, through bycatch, and (2) offshore oil and gas exploration, development, and production. We summarize information from the scientific literature and technical reports and also present new information from recently analyzed data to assess the magnitude and scope of mortality. Fisheries bycatch was responsible for the highest levels of incidental take of migratory bird species; estimated combined take in the longline, gillnet, and bottom otter trawl fisheries within the Atlantic, including the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Pacific regions was 2679 to 45,586 birds per year. For the offshore oil and gas sector, mortality estimates ranged from 188 to 4494 deaths per year due to the discharge of produced waters resulting in oil sheens and collisions with platforms and vessels; however these estimates for the oil and gas sector are based on many untested assumptions. In spite of the uncertainties, we feel levels of mortality from these two industries are unlikely to affect the marine bird community in Canada, but some effects on local populations from bycatch are likely. Further research and monitoring will be required to: (1) better estimate fisheries-related mortality for vulnerable species and populations that may be impacted by local fisheries, (2) determine the effects of oil sheens from produced waters, and attraction to platforms and associated mortality from collisions, sheens, and flaring, so that better estimates of mortality from the offshore oil and gas sector can be obtained, and (3) determine impacts associated with accidental spills, which are not included in our current assessment. With a better understanding of the direct mortality of marine birds from industry, appropriate mitigation and management actions can be implemented. Cooperation from industry for data collection, research to fill knowledge gaps, and implementation of mitigation approaches will all be needed to conserve marine birds in Canada.