Analysis of the clonal relationship among clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis by different typing methods

Salmonella Infantis has been the second most common serovar in Argentina in the last two years, being isolated mostly from paediatric hospitalised patients. In order to determine the clonal relationship among Salmonella Infantis strains, we examined 15 isolates from paediatric patient faeces in Argentina (12 geographically related and 3 geographically non-related) by using antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiling, repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR, and low-frequency restriction analysis of chromosomal DNA by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Four Spanish strains were included as controls of clonal diversity in molecular techniques. Antibiotype and plasmid profile was not useful as epidemiological tools. PFGE and REP-PCR were able to discriminate between Argentinean and Spanish isolates of Salmonella Infantis allowing to detect genetically related strains in three different cities. This finding indicates that a possible spread of a clone of this serovar in the North-eastern Region of Argentina has taken place in 1998.

Chronic interstitial pneumonitis in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi: a histopathological and morphometric study

Eighteen mongrel dogs of unknown age and naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi, were obtained from the City Hall of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Four dogs were used as control. Lung samples were obtained and immediately fixed in formalin. The histopathological picture of all lung tissue sections was a chronic and diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. The thickened inter-alveolar septa were characterized by the cellular exudate (mostly macrophages, lymphocytes and plasmocytes) associated with collagen deposition. Morphometric analysis showed greater septal thickness in the infected animals than in controls. In fact, the morphometric study of collagen stained with ammoniac silver confirmed a larger deposition of collagen in the infected animals. The parasitologic method was carried out during the study of the lesions on the slides. However, we did not observe any correlation between the histopathologic and morphometric data and the clinical status of the animals. We conclude that the pulmonary lesions observed in all naturally infected dogs were correlated with the disease and that the morphometric method used was satisfactory for the analysis of septal thickness and of increased collagen deposition, confirming the presence of fibrosis.

A preliminary study of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in immunocompromised patients with and without gastrointestinal manifestations

The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of the intestinal parasites most commonly found in immunocompromised patients. A group of 111 individuals with acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other immunocompromised conditions (principally haematological disorders) was selected. A battery of tests was performed on each individual to identify the presence of parasites (three stool specimens with saline solution and Lugol both directly and by concentration, culture and special staining). No significant differences were found among the frequencies of the different parasites with the several types of immunocompromised conditions. The overall frequencies of potentially pathogenic and opportunistic parasites were 32.4% (36/111) and 9% (10/111) respectively, the most frequently encountered among the latter being Cryptosporidium sp., Microsporidia spp. and Strongyloides stercoralis.

Adenoviruses isolated from civilian and military personnel in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Adenovirus are important pathogen primarily associated to respiratory infections of children and military personnel, even though it is also associated to cases of conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis. We analyzed respiratory secretion collected from subjects with and without respiratory infection symptoms, being 181 civilians and 221 military subjects. The samples were inoculated in HEp-2 and/or A549 tissue cultures for viral isolation. Samples presenting cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in any tissue culture were tested by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to confirm adenovirus isolation. The isolates confirmed as adenovirus were further analyzed by restriction endonuclease assay for determination of viral species. Three isolates were identified as specie A (two from civilian and one from military), one isolate from military was identified as specie C, and one isolate from civilian was identified as specie D. For two isolates the specie could not be identified.

Conversão automática de código CLP para ambientes de simulação com recurso a normas internacionais

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

A indeminização por privação ilegítima da liberdade

Mestrado na área de Ciências Jurídico-Forenses

Sanitary conditions of a colony of urban feral cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758) in a zoological garden of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The colony of urban stray cats living in the Rio de Janeiro zoological garden was studied in order to develop a population and health control program. As many cats as possible were captured during two months (47 animals) and were classified according to gender, age, weight and coat markings. They were submitted to a general health evaluation, examined for the presence of ectoparasites and sent to a surgical neutering program. All animals had a blood sample drawn for CBC, platelet count, heartworm and retroviruses detection. Capillary blood smears were made for hemoparasites detection. Coat marking and colors were tabby (59.7%), followed by solid black (17%); torbie (10.6%); bicolor (10.6%) and harlequin (2.1%). The only ectoparasites found were fleas, which infested 28% of the animals. The hemoparasites found were Haemobartonella felis (38%) and piroplasmas that could not be differentiated between Cytauxzoon spp. and Babesia spp. (47%). No cat was found infected by Dirofilaria immitis or FeLV (Feline Leukemia Virus), although FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus) antibodies could be detected (21%). There was no correlation between hemoparasites and FIV infections. The estimated total cat population (mark-recapture method) was 59; 68% female and 32% male, suggesting that a neutering program is in fact needed.

A presença meso-assíria no Médio Eufrates: o contributo da cerâmica de Tall Qabr Abū al-'Atīq (Deir ez-Zor, Síria)

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arqueologia.

Metodologias de pós-processamento em ensaios de determinação da rigidez em misturas betuminosas

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Clinical laboratory assessment of hepatitis C and HIV coinfected patients according to the antiretroviral therapy received

During the year of 2001, a retrospective, descriptive study in order to determine the influence of the antiretroviral therapy received by 111 HIV-HCV coinfected patients who had undergone at least one liver biopsy was conduced, 74 of them were treated with a protease inhibitor regimen (WPI), and 37 with a non-protease inhibitor regimen (NPI). The main characteristics found were: a young patient population (mean age 41 years old in both groups), composed in most part of male individuals (74.3% WPI and 51.4% NPI) with previous risk factors for both infections (WPI 93.2% and NPI 89.2%). The most significant findings included AIDS-defining disease (WPI 18.9% and NPI 13.5% of the cases), elevated hepatic enzyme levels (WPI: SGOT 52.1 and NPI 53.2), absence of liver disease-related symptoms (16.2% for both groups), average CD4 count > 350 for both groups (WPI 362.2 and NPI 378.1), predominantly low-grade fibrosis in both populations (0-2 in 63.6% of WPI patients and in 80% of NPI patients), with necro-inflammatory activity ranging from 5-7 in 51.3% and 42.9% of WPI patients and NPI patients, respectively. It is suggested a sequential biopsy to better evaluate the evolution of the hepatic disease, according to the HAART regimen received.

Métodos de análise elástica e de análise plástica para cálculo de esforços em estruturas de aço

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Atividade tradutológica: a (r)evolução dos últimos 20 anos

Trabalho de natureza profissional para a atribuição do Título de Especialista do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, na área de Línguas e Cuturas - Línguas e Literaturas Estrangeiras, defendido a 11-11-2015.

Patients with chronic hepatitis C and normal transaminases

Hepatitis C virus infection evolves progressively persisting in the majority of patients (85%). Most patients have high ALT (alanine aminotransferase) levels and approximately 25% normal ALT. The latter are usually female and there is no association between genotype and severity of hepatic lesion. Histologic analysis usually shows small lesion and absence or low amount of fibrosis, despite cirrhosis having been reported. Aiming at assessing prevalence, demographic, genotypical and anatomopathological characteristics in patients with normal ALT levels, we have carried out a study of 68 chronic hepatitis C patients between January 1997 and April 2000. There was a prevalence of 13.8% chronic hepatitis C patients with normal ALT levels, 45.6% of which were male and 54.4% female, the mean age being 38 +/- 13 years. We found a predominance of genotype 1 in 84.7% of the patients, genotype 2 in 6.8% and genotype 3 in 10.7%. In 52.9% of the cases liver biopsies revealed liver reaction, periportal activity score 0-1 was observed in 85.3% of the patients and score 2-4 was seen in 14.7%. Structural activity score 0-1 was seen in 73.5% of the patients and score 2-4 in 26.5% of them. Periportal activity > 2 and structural activity > 1 was seen in 29%, but steatosis was not seen in 73.5%. Our results suggest the need to revisit for liver biopsy practice in patients with Chronic Hepatitis C and normal transaminases.

Lesões músculo-esqueléticas ligadas ao trabalho : que métodos de avaliação do

Entre os contributos etiológicos das principais LMEMSLT observam-se distintas perspectivas fisiopatológicas, diversos factores de risco – determinantes na óptica dos diversos investigadores – assim como díspares suportes conceptuais na elaboração dos métodos de identificação e avaliação do risco de LMEMSLT. A frequente insuficiência de informação e até, eventualmente, a presença de elementos cientificamente pouco robustos (ou mesmo hipotéticos) no procedimento de obtenção dos resultados finais (scores) com cada método de avaliação do risco, julga-se determinar a obtenção de distintos resultados no mesmo posto de trabalho e deu origem à principal questão de investigação: será possível identificar qual o(s) método(s) de avaliação do risco de LMEMSLT mais adequado (s) face à presença de factores de risco no local de trabalho? O presente estudo foi efectuado numa empresa da indústria automóvel e analisou a utilização de uma estratégia gradativa de selecção de instrumentos de identificação de factores de risco e de métodos de avaliação integrada do risco de LMEMSLT, no sentido de contribuir para a efectividade do processo de identificação e avaliação do risco destas lesões em meio industrial. No essencial, utilizou-se uma adaptação da estratégia de avaliação do risco de Malchaire (Malchaire, 1999), analisando os dois primeiros passos, os mais frequentes e que se consideram essenciais: a identificação de factores de risco e a avaliação do risco. Utilizaram-se como ponto de partida as classificações do risco em postos de trabalho onde a aplicação do método OCRA – base do projecto de norma Europeu prEN 1005-5 para a estimativa do risco de LMEMSLT – identificou níveis de risco moderados e/ou elevados (score OCRA ≥ 16,5). Assim analisaram-se postos de trabalho (n=71) classificados pelo método OCRA (Occhipinti, 1998) como de risco de LMEMSLT moderado (n=37) e elevado (n=34). Registou-se em vídeo a actividade de trabalho e analisaram-se os principais factores de risco (postura, força, repetitividade e exposição a vibrações). Aplicaram-se diversos instrumentos: (1) de identificação de factores de risco – filtros HSE (HSE, 2002) e OSHA (Silverstein, 1997) – e (2) de análise do risco – métodos RULA (McAtamney; Corlett, 1993), SI (Moore; Garg, 1995) e HAL (Lakto et al., 1997). Dos resultados globais da aplicação dos referidos filtros e métodos é possível destacar que os resultados dos filtros são no essencial semelhantes, enquanto os métodos apresentam discrepâncias mais evidentes: o método OCRA classificou os 71 postos de trabalho como de risco, o método SI classificou 41 postos com esse nível, o método HAL classificou 35 postos como de risco e o método RULA classificou apenas 26 postos de risco (OCRA-RULA rS=-0,126 n.s.). Apesar disso as relações existentes entre os seus resultados apresentam algumas semelhanças (p<0,001): OCRA-SI rSp=0,520 e OCRA-HAL rSp=0,422. Destaque, igualmente, para as divergências entre os postos classificados de risco elevado com os diversos métodos, isto é, por exemplo de entre os 41 postos com scores de risco da aplicação do método SI apenas se encontram12 postos classificados de risco pelo método RULA. Os resultados dos filtros permitiram no geral identificar a presença ou ausência dos principais factores de risco, apesar de se verificarem distintos resultados de validade preditiva particularmente a nível da postura (HSE=0,75; OSHA=0,57) e da aplicação de força (HSE=0,59; OSHA=0,80). Os resultados dos métodos permitem evidenciar ponderações diversas para os factores de risco analisados, apresentando semelhanças em situações de aplicação de força (OCRA=0,80; SI=0,80; HAL=0,78), de dissemelhanças na análise da presença de posturas extremas (OCRA=0,62; SI=0,68; RULA=0,48) e da repetitividade (OCRA=0,66; SI=0,35; RULA=0,43; HAL=0,39) ou, em oposição, não incluindo na sua avaliação do risco determinados factores de risco, como é o caso da exposição a vibrações (SI, RULA e HAL) ou da avaliação das posturas (HAL). Deste modo, conclui-se pela pertinência da utilização de um filtro que permita a identificação dos factores de risco presentes em cada posto de trabalho e por consequência oriente a selecção do método mais indicado ou ainda, em oposição, do método contra-indicado. Este trabalho, como um contributo para uma efectiva identificação e avaliação do risco de LMEMSLT, alerta para a necessidade de elaboração