A manual of previously recorded non-indigenous invasive and native transplanted animal species of the Laurentian Great Lakes and coastal United States

This manual presents geographic information by state of occurrence, and descriptions of the socio-economic impact created by the invasion of non-indigenous and native transplanted animal species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and the coastal waters of the United States. It is not a comprehensive literature review, but rather is intended as a primer for those unfamiliar with the socio-economic impacts of invasive aquatic and marine animals. Readers should also note that the information contained in this manual is current as of its publication date. New information and new species are routinely being added to the wider literature base. Most of the information was gathered from a number of web sites maintained by government agencies, commissions, academic institutions and museums. Additional information was taken from the primary and secondary literature. This manual focuses on socio-economic consequences of invasive species. Thus, ecological impacts, when noted in the literature, are not discussed unless a connection to socio-economic factors can be made. For a majority of the species listed, either the impact of their invasion is not understood, or it is not published in sources surveyed. In the species summaries, sources of information are cited except for information from the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database http://nas.er.usgs.gov. This website formed the base information used in creating tables on geographic distribution, and in many of the species summaries provided. Thus, whenever information is given without specific author/source and date citation, it has come from this comprehensive source. (PDF contains 90 pages)

MOOCs – your legal questions answered

This guidance is for staff in universities involved in developing Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), and considers the legal issues focusing particularly on the intellectual property rights (IPR) issues and data protection.

Investigating opportunities to support indigenous aquaculture in Australia : Visit to Kimberley, Western Australia, May 2003

The STREAM Initiative has been working with issues relating to livelihoods, policy and institutional development and communications throughout Asia-Pacific. Recently this has included work in India with indigenous communities supporting people to have a voice in policy making processes. There appear to be some parallels between this work and the objectives of Kimberley Aquaculture Aboriginal Corporation (KAAC) and also the Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Australia (AFFA) Indigenous Aquaculture Unit (IAU), National Aquaculture Development Strategy for Indigenous Communities in Australia. (PDF contains 13 pages)

Legal Status of Research Data in the four partner countries

This report compares the legal status of research data in the four KE partner countries. The report also addresses where European copyright and database law poses flaws and obstacles to the access to research data and singles out pre-conditions for openly available data. Background of the study Intellectual property right regulations regarding primary research data are a recurrent topic in the discussion on the improvement of access to research data. In fact in the final report of the High Level Expert Group on Scientific Data ‘Riding the Wave’ creating clarity on this was considered very important in improving awareness for all parties involved. According to the recommendations of the report legal issues should be “worked out so that they encourage, and not impede, global data sharing” http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/e-infrastructure/docs/hlg-sdi-report.pdf. While open access to research data is a widely recognised goal, achieving it remains a challenge. As European national laws still diverge and sometimes remain unclear it can be difficult for interested parties to fully comprehend in which ways open access to research data can be legally obtained. Based on these discussions the Knowledge Exchange working group on primary research data has commissioned a comparative report on the legal status of research data in the four KE partner countries. The study has been conducted by the Centre for Intellectual Property Law (CIER) at Utrecht University. The report aims at informing Knowledge Exchange and associated stakeholders on the state of the law concerning access to research data in the KE partner countries (Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom) and to give an insight in how these laws work in practice. This is explained in several characteristic situations pertaining to open access to research data. The purpose of the report is to identify flaws and obstacles to the access to research data and to single out pre-conditions for openly available data. This is in view of the current discussions concerning open access to research data, especially those originating from publicly funded research. The report intends to be both a description of the status quo of the legislation and a practical instrument to prepare further activities in raising awareness on the potential benefit of improved access to research data, and developing means to support the improved access for research purposes

Genetic improvement and utilisation of indigenous tilapia in southern Africa: final technical report, December 1st 1998 to June 31st, 2002

Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) is an indigenous tilapia species in southern Africa, until now the majority of genetic research has been carried out on Asian species of tilapia but this project aims to look at this African species. Those most suited to further development in aquaculture in southern Africa have now been identified. The genetic characterisation of strains has been completed. This information has aided the choice of strains for use in small scale aquaculture and for genetically male tilapia (GMT) production. They will form the basis of future strategies for further genetic improvement, and management of genetic diversity of Mozambique tilapia. The information will also contribute towards responsible management and development of genetic resources, particularly with regard to indigenous species of tilapia. Good progress has been made with the adaptation and implementation of producing the supermale fish required to produce all male offspring, resulting in faster growing populations of tilapia. The presence of the project and its associated activity has been a catalyst for a surge in interest in tilapia culture throughout southern Africa. [PDF contains 183 pages]

Pagamento por serviços ambientais com recursos públicos com base em área de preservação permanente e reserva legal

Discute os impactos jurídicos e econômicos do pagamento por serviços ambientais com recursos públicos em Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e Reserva Legal (RL) e contribui para o avanço do debate acerca da instituição de uma política nacional de pagamento por serviços ambientais no Brasil.

Traditions of fish utilisation for recipes in Nigeria

Some recipes for fish utilization in particular zones of Nigeria are assessed, giving details of their modes of preparation. The traditions of use of fish in the recipes shown appear to be based on the successful agricultural practices in particular zones and areas of Nigeria. This has helped to promote taste and values, since easily procured food items are cheaper for use in particular areas than others. The use of such fish items in the recipes are useful for promoting protein intake and stemming of malnutrition, especially in the rural areas, as well as helping to improve the incomes of women-in-agriculture

Sustainability of indigenous technology in postharvest fisheries operations in Edo and Delta states, Nigeria

The study examined the sustainability of various indigenous technologies in post-harvest fishery operation in Edo and Delta States (Nigeria). A total of seventy processors were interviewed during the survey through a random selection. The data obtained were analysed by descriptive statistics. The results obtained revealed that the majority of the fish processors within the study areas were married with women who were not educated beyond the first Leaving School Certificate. Most of the fish processed were bought fresh, while the commonest method of preservation/processing practiced was smoking. The type of processing equipment used was the Chorkor smoking kiln and the drum smoker while the commonest source of energy is firewood. The processing activities within the communities were found to be profitable. However it was observed that due to the high cost of processing materials and equipment, the economic growth and the living standard is quite low. Some recommendations were made to improve the traditional method of fish preservation and processing

Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species: their Role in Poverty Alleviation, Food Security and Conservation of Biodiversity, 23-25 February 2010, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, West Bengal. Workshop report

This is the report on the workshop on “Small Indigenous Freshwater Fish Species: Their Role in Poverty Alleviation, Food Security and Conservation of Biodiversity”, organized by the International Collective in Support of Fishworkers(ICSF) in collaboration with the Inland Fisheries Society of India (IFSI). The workshop was a forum for exchange of views on the role of small indigenous freshwater fish species (SIFFS) in enhancing rural food supply and livelihood security, and in conserving biodiversity. The workshop also discussed the socioeconomic and cultural contexts for the culture and capture of SIFFS, and how to enhance access—especially for women—to better incomes, livelihoods and nutritional security, through appropriate policy spaces. This report provides a fresh focus on SIFFS, usually regarded as ‘trash’ fish. It urges scientists, researchers and decisionmakers to develop policy and legislative measures to ensure the conservation and promotion of SIFFS, both in capture- and culture-fisheries systems. This report will be useful for fishworker organizations, researchers, policymakers, fish farmers, members of civil society and anyone interested in fisheries and livelihoods. (PDF contains 86 pages)

Legal dimensions of the Chinese experience in Los Angeles, 1860-1880

On October 24, 1871, a massacre of eighteen Chinese in Los Angeles brought the small southern California settlement into the national spotlight. Within a few days, news of this “night of horrors” was reported in newspapers across the country. This massacre has been cited in Asian American narratives as the first documented outbreak of ethnic violence against a Chinese community in the United States. This is ironic because Los Angeles’ small population has generally placed it on the periphery in historical studies of the California anti-Chinese movement. Because the massacre predated Los Angeles’ organized Chinese exclusion movements of the late 1870s, it has often been erroneously dismissed as an aberration in the history of the city.

The violence of 1871 was an outburst highlighting existing community tensions that would become part of public debate by decade’s close. The purpose of this study is to insert the massacre into a broader context of anti-Chinese sentiments, legal discrimination, and dehumanization in nineteenth century Los Angeles. While a second incident of widespread anti-Chinese violence never occurred, brutal attacks directed at Chinese small businessmen and others highlighted continued community conflict. Similarly, economic rivalries and concerns over Chinese prostitution that underlay the 1871 massacre were manifest in later campaigns of economic discrimination and vice suppression that sought to minimize Chinese influence within municipal limits. An analysis of the massacre in terms of anti-Chinese legal, social and economic strategies in nineteenth-century Los Angeles will elucidate these important continuities.

O ensino da Medicina Legal na formação profissional da carreira jurídica

A introdução do ensino médico-legal nos currículos de Direito, já assegura longa data e teve sua proposta relatada por Rui Barbosa e aprovada na Câmara dos Deputados, após o que o Governo brasileiro determinou a criação da cátedra de Medicina Legal nas Faculdades de Direito do país a partir de 1891. Ao longo de muitos anos foi disciplina obrigatória nos cursos de Direito transparecendo a importância da matéria na formação dos profissionais, mormente aqueles que militam na esfera criminal, mas também aplicável a, praticamente, todas as especialidades da área jurídica. A despeito da evolução das ciências forenses, que introduziram no século XXI novos horizontes da sua aplicação no contexto jurídico, ressalto ainda a própria cobrança da matéria nos concursos, para aqueles que almejam a carreira Policial. No entanto, independente da indiscutível importância da matéria, na formação acadêmica do profissional de direito, o Ministério da Educação decidiu estabelecer a Medicina Legal como disciplina optativa nos cursos de Direito. Essa medida veio ao de encontro dos interesses sociais, pois a sociedade, na busca de seus direitos, requer profissionais bem formados, com conhecimento compatível com a evolução científica. Ensinar Medicina Legal é uma árdua tarefa, pois há necessidade de valorizar mais a atividade docente e proporcionar meios para que esse ensino seja amplamente desenvolvido na formação da carreira jurídica. No presente trabalho são expostas as argumentações técnicas e pedagógicas para a manutenção de disciplina como obrigatória nos Cursos de graduação em Direito, visando, com isso, uma formação acadêmica mais completa, que corresponda a sua importante aplicação nas diversas áreas do Direito, bem como sua implantação como disciplina obrigatória nos exames de ordem da OAB.

Newport's mooring regulations: legal and policy analysis

The legal and policy issues facing Newport as it revises and implements its ordinances are numerous. Most of the issues have not been squarely resolved for Rhode Island. While Newport may take guidance from other states, it will be Rhode Island's task going forward to define the reach of its PTD as applied to some novel issues raised by mooring administration. The benefit of the flexibility of the PTD is allowing smaller units of government like Newport to define their regulatory goals based on a locally-tailored balancing test of competing interests facing scarce ocean resources. This report was designed to facilitate decision-maker discussion of how to strike that delicate balance.