Caracterização do MP10 e MP2,5 e distribuição por tamanho de cloreto, nitrato e sulfato em atmosfera urbana e rural de Londrina

Samplings of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) were carried out between the months of March and April of 2007, simultaneously in two areas of Londrina, an urban (Historical Museum) and other rural (Farm School-UEL). PM was collected using the cascade impactor consisting of four impaction stages (0.25 to 10 μm). The results indicated that the fine fraction (PM2.5) represented a significant portion of the mass of PM10 (70 and 67% in the urban and rural places, respectively). Cl-, NO3- and SO4(2-) were determined by ion chromatography and the size distribution is presented. Natural and anthropogenic sources were suggested to the ionic components in the fine and coarse mode of PM.

Exposição humana a substâncias químicas potencialmente tóxicas na dieta e os riscos para saúde

Humans are exposed to a variety of chemicals from the consumption of food, including undesirable compounds such as pesticides and mycotoxins. Chemical human risk assessment is a process intended to estimate the risk to a given population from the exposure to a chemical (or to a chemical group having the same mechanism of action). The process consists of four steps, namely hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment and risk characterization. Chemical dietary risk assessment is an essential procedure to establish safe food standards. In this review the tools and data sources currently used in the risk assessment process will be discussed.

Composição química da precipitação úmida da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, Brasil, 2005- 2007

This work aims to quantify the wet precipitation the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre (MAPA), in southern Brazil, through the analysis of major ions (by ion chromatography) and metallic elements (ICP/AES). By principal components analysis and cluster analysis was possible to identify the influence of natural and anthropic sources in wet precipitation. The results indicated of the higher contribution to the ions NH4+, SO4(2-) and Ca2+. Thus it was possible to identify the contribution of anthropogenic sources in wet precipitation in the study area, such as power plants, oil refineries, steel and vehicle emissions.

Uuden liiketoiminnan kehittäminen: Näkökulmana alkuvaiheiden menestystekijät ja ideoiden hyödynnettävyys verkostoissa

Tavoitteena työssä oli tuottaa ja kerätä tietoa uuden liiketoiminnan kehittämistä tukevan toimintamallin suunnittelu- ja kehitystyötä varten. Tietoa kerättiin aikaisemmasta tutkimuksesta, kirjallisuudesta sekä empiirisistä lähteistä. Tutkimusta työssä tehtiin konstruktiivisen lähestymistapaa mukaillen. Empiirisen tiedon keräämis- ja tuottamistapoina käytettiin teemahaastattelua, verkkokyselyä ja työpajatyöskentelyä. Lisäksi työssä analysoitiin kaksi olemassa olevaa uuden liiketoiminnan kehittämisen toimintamallia. Teoriatarkastelu työssä keskityttiin innovaation alkupäähän, liiketoimintamalleihin, asiakasarvoihin, verkostoihin ja innovaation alkupään menestystekijöihin. Näiden pohjalta tuotettiin kehitelmä hyödynnettävyydestä sekä kuvaus uuden liiketoiminnan kehittämisen varhaisista vaiheista. Tätä kaikkea hyödyntäen koottiin suunnittelutiedon lisäksi jatkokehitystä tukeva konseptimainen toimintamalli. Tämän konseptimaisen vision tarkoituksena on toimia jatkossa suunnan näyttäjänä varsinaista toimintamallia rakennettaessa.

Asiantuntijapalveluorganisaation toiminnan kehittäminen

Teknologiateollisuuden asiantuntijapalveluorganisaatiot joutuvat nopeasti muuttuvan toimintaympäristön vuoksi aika ajoin toteuttamaan strategisen muutoksen toimintansa kehittämiseksi. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli selvittää, millä tavoin asiantuntijapalveluorganisaatio voi toimintaansa kehittää. Tutkimuksessa keskityttiin kartoittamaan strategista muutosta palveluprosessien, palvelukonseptien sekä palvelujärjestelmän osalta teoreettisesti sekä kohdeyrityksenä toimineen asiantuntijapalveluorganisaation kannalta. Teoreettinen osuus perustuu alan kirjallisuuteen sekä verkkolähteisiin. Kohdeyrityksen osalta tutkimusta tehtiin pääosin perustuen yrityksen henkilöstölle tehtyihin kvalitatiivisiin sekä vapaamuotoisiin teemahaastatteluihin sekä yrityksen sisäisiin dokumentteihin. Tutkimuksen tuloksena todettiin tärkeiden kehityskohteiden olevan henkilöstön koulutus, motivointi sekä tehokas allokointi; toimintatapojen standardointi asiakaslähtöisyys säilyttäen; ydin- ja lisäpalveluajattelun lisääminen markkinatilanteen mukaisesti; asiakasstrategian luominen sekä organisaatiorakenteen sovittaminen henkilöstöresursseja parhaiten tukevaksi.

Motores de reacción modernos por turbinas de gas

This Bachelor’s thesis investigates the different types of jet engines used nowadays, their performance and applications. The thesis includes a general study of dynamics of fly, engine thermodynamics and contamination.

Feasibility study of metal to polymer hybrid joining

The increasing demand for lightweight components has led to a huge exploitation of non-metallic materials such as polymers, fibers and elastomers in industrial and manufacturing processes. Recent trends towards cost effectiveness, weight reduction and production flexibility in industrial production and manufacturing processes has led to a growing interest in hybrid components where two or more dissimilar materials coexist to achieving specifically optimized characteristics. The importance of this research is to serve as a bridge to understanding the theories behind various joining techniques and the adaptation of the process for metal to polymer hybrid joints. Moreso, it helps companies to select the most productive and yet economical joining process for realization of lightweight metal to polymer hybrid components. This thesis is a literature review analyzing various materials that has been published on various joining methods for metal to polymer hybrid joints on the feasibility and eventual realization of the joint between these dissimilar materials. This study is aimed at theoretically evaluating the feasibility of joining processes between metal and plastic components by exploiting exhaustively joining and welding sources.

Influence of Link Structure on Search Engine Result Pages of Online Nursery Shops

The primary objective of this thesis is to assess how the backlink portfolio structure and off site Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) elements influence ranking of UK based online nursery shops. The growth of the internet use demanded significant effort from companies to optimize and increase their online presence in order to cope with the increasing online competition. The new e-Commerce technology - called Search Engine Optimisation - has been developed that helped increase website visibility of companies. The SEO process involves on site elements (i.e. changing the parameters of the company's website such as keywords, title tags and meta descriptions) and off site elements (link building and social media marketing activity). Link Building is based on several steps of marketing planning including keyword research and competitor analysis. The underlying goal of keyword research is to understand the targeted market through identifying relevant keyword queries that are used by targeted costumer group. In the analysis, three types (geographic, field and company’s strategy related) and seven sources of keywords has been identified and used as a base of analysis. Following the determination of the most popular keywords, allinanchor and allintitle search has been conducted and the first ten results of the searches have been collected to identify the companies with the most significant web presence among the nursery shops. Finally, Link Profiling has been performed where the essential goal was to understand to what extent other companies' link structure is different that the base company's backlinks. Significant difference has been found that distinguished the top three companies ranking in the allinanchor and allintitle search. The top three companies, „Mothercare”, „Mamas and Papas” and „Kiddicare” maintained significantly better metrics regarding domain and page authority on the main landing pages, the average number of outbound links for link portfolio metric and in number of backlinks. These companies also ranked among the highest in page authority distribution and followed external linking.

Advanced welding technologies used for arctic metal structures

Rapid depletion of easy-to-access fossil fuel, predominantly, oil and gas resources has now necessitated increase in need to develop new oil and gas sources in ever more remote and hostile environments. This is necessary in order to explore more oil and gas resources to meet rapidly rising long-term energy demand in the world, both at present and in the nearest future. Arctic is one of these harsh environments, where enormous oil and gas resources are available, containing about 20% of the world total oil and gas, but the environmental conditions are very harsh and hostile. However, virtually all the facilities required for the exploration and development of this new energy source are constructed with metals as well as their alloys and are predominantly joined together by welding processes and technologies. Meanwhile, due to entirely different environment from the usual moderate temperate region, conventional welding technologies, common metals and their alloys cannot be applied as this Arctic environment demand metals structures with very high toughness and strength properties under extremely low temperature. This is due to the fact that metals transit from ductility to brittleness as the temperature moves toward extreme negative values. Hence, this research work investigates and presents the advanced welding technologies applicable to Arctic metal structures which can give satisfactory weldments under active Arctic service conditions. .

Analyysityökalun kehittäminen C#-kielisten lähdekoodien tarkastamiseen

Katselmoinnit ja tarkastusmenettelyt ovat osa ohjelmistotuotantoprosessin laadunvarmistusta. Staattisella tarkastamisella tarkoitetaan ohjelmistotuotteen visuaalista tarkastamista ohjelmistovirheiden havaitsemiseksi ja korjaamiseksi. Ohjelmiston lähdekoodin tarkastaminen voidaan suorittaa automaattisesti tarkoitukseen sopivalla ohjelmistolla l. analyysityökalulla. Tässä työssä toteutettiin analyysityökalu C#-kielisten lähdekoodien tarkastamiseen. Työkalulla suoritetussa kenttätestauksessa havaittiin tarkastettavissa ohjelmistoissa ohjelmiston ylläpitoon vaikuttavia puutteita. Lisäksi työssä tarkasteltiin katselmointeja osana ohjelmistotuotantoprosessin laadunvarmistusta sekä erilaisia ohjelmistovirheitä ja niiden lähteitä.

Developing customer need based services in personal security service industry

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how services can be developed and how the voice of the customer can be incorporated to the strategic planning of services. Furthermore, the objective is to investigate the methods of customer need analysis and service bundling. The data is collected from secondary and primary sources by reviewing the existing academic literature and by conducting in-depth interviews and surveys. The main findings of this research indicate that the service development in personal security service industry should be conducted through a formalized process and the process should begin with setting the strategic objectives. Moreover, the voice of the customer should be incorporated into all stages of the development process, especially into the front-end of the process. Furthermore, the information on customer needs should be gathered in a manner tailored for the purposes of service development.

Ride Comfort of Automatic Elevator Doors

Ride comfort of elevators is one of the quality criteria valued by customers. The objective of this master’s thesis was to develop a process to measure the ride comfort of automatic elevator doors. The door’s operational noise was chosen as a focus area and other kinds of noise for example caused by pressure differences in the elevator shaft were excluded. The thesis includes a theory part and an empirical part. In the first part theories of quality management, measuring of quality and acoustics are presented. In the empirical part the developed ride comfort measuring process is presented, different operational noise sources are analyzed and an example is presented of how this measuring process can be used to guide product development. To measure ride comfort a process was developed where a two-room silent room was used as a measuring environment and EVA-625 device was used in the actual measuring of door noise. A-weighted decibels were used to scale noise pressure levels and the door movement was monitored with an accelerometer. This enabled the connection between the noise and noise sources which in turn helped to find potential ride comfort improvement ideas. The noise isolation class was also measured with the Ivie-measuring system. Measuring of door ride comfort gives feedback to product development and to managing current product portfolio. Measuring enables the continuous improvement of elevator door ride comfort. The measuring results can also be used to back up marketing arguments for doors.

Studies of Solar Activity with Emphasis on Quasi-Periodic Oscillations

In this thesis mainly long quasi-periodic solar oscillations in various solar atmospheric structures are discussed, based on data obtained at several wavelengths, focussing, however, mainly on radio frequencies. Sunspot (Articles II and III) and quiet Sun area (QSA) (Article I) oscillations are investigated along with quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) in a flaring event with wide-range radio spectra (Article IV). Various oscillation periods are detected; 3–15, 35–70 and 90 minutes (QSA), 10-60 and 80-130 minutes (in sunspots at various radio frequencies), 3-5, 10-23, 220-240, 340 and 470 minutes (in sunspots at photosphere) and 8-12 and 15-17 seconds (in a solar flare at radio frequencies). Some of the oscillation periods are detected for the first time, while some of them have been confirmed earlier by other research groups. Solar oscillations can provide more information on the nature of various solar structures. This thesis presents the physical mechanisms of some solar structure oscillations. Two different theoretical approaches are chosen; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and the shallow sunspot model. These two theories can explain a wide range of solar oscillations from a few seconds up to some hours. Various wave modes in loop structures cause solar oscillations (<45 minutes) both in sunspots and quiet Sun areas. Periods lasting more than 45 minutes in the sunspots (and a fraction of the shorter periods) are related to sunspot oscillations as a whole. Sometimes similar oscillation periods are detected both in sunspot area variations and respectively in magnetic field strength changes. This result supports a concept that these oscillations are related to sunspot oscillations as a whole. In addition, a theory behind QPPs at radio frequencies in solar flares is presented. The thesis also covers solar instrumentation and data sources. Additionally, the data processing methods are presented. As the majority of the investigations in this thesis focus on radio frequencies, also the most typical radio emission mechanisms are presented. The main structures of the Sun, which are related to solar oscillations, are also presented. Two separate projects are included in this thesis. Solar cyclicity is studied using the extensively large solar radio map archieve from Metsähovi Radio Observatory (MRO) at 37 GHz, between 1978 and 2011 (Article V) covering two full solar cycles. Also, some new solar instrumentation (Article VI) was developed during this thesis.

Value Co-Creation Through Virtual Community environment, Case: Oma Olivia

The purpose of this thesis is to examine what elements of value co-creation create value for participants of Oma Olivia magazine through Olivia magazine’s virtual community environment. Furthermore the aim is to discover why readers take part in creating Oma Olivia in order to discover is Oma Olivia worth publishing in the future. The data is collected from secondary and primary sources by scanning the existing academic literature and by conducting interviews and surveys. The empirical results state that the hypothesis model created from the academic literature is statistically significant and the elements of value co- creation process create value for readers. Magazine publishing organization may want to consider publishing Oma Olivia also in the future due to its nature of creating value for customers.

Integration of Torrefaction with Steam Power Plant

Torrefaction is one of the pretreatment technologies to enhance the fuel characteristics of biomass. The efficient and continuous operation of a torrefaction reactor, in the commercial scale, demands a secure biomass supply, in addition to adequate source of heat. Biorefinery plants or biomass-fuelled steam power plants have the potential to integrate with the torrefaction reactor to exchange heat and mass, using available infrastructure and energy sources. The technical feasibility of this integration is examined in this study. A new model for the torrefaction process is introduced and verified by the available experimental data. The torrefaction model is then integrated in different steam power plants to simulate possible mass and energy exchange between the reactor and the plants. The performance of the integrated plant is investigated for different configurations and the results are compared.