Estudo quantitativo da lágrima pelo teste de fenol vermelho na população brasileira

Purpose: To detect normal values of red phenol thread test in the Brazilian population and compare it between different races, age and sex. Methods: 280 white individuals (560 eyes) and 280 non-white individuals (560 eyes) were analyzed regarding sex and age, and analyzed using the Phenol Red test. Individuals with ocular diseases, contact lens or ocular drug users were excluded from this study. Results: Of the 1,120 evaluated eyes, the mean ± standard deviation result was 19,77±7,90 mm. Conclusion: The mean result found in this study was an intermediate value compared to the previously studied populations (Japanese and American).

Correcão ionosférica utilizando os MAPAS: Globais do TEC DO IGS: Avaliação no posicionamento por ponto na região brasileira

One of the main drawbacks of the GPS accuracy for L1 users is the error due to ionosphere. This error depends on the total electron content presents in the ionosphere, as well as of the carrier frequency. Some models have been developed to correct GPS observables of the systematic error due to the ionosphere. The model more known and used is the Klobuchar model, which corrected 50-60% of the ionospheric error approximately. Alternatively, IGS (International GNSS Service) also has developed a model called Global Ionospheric Map (GIM). These maps, in format IONEX, are available in the site of the IGS, and one of the applications of them is to correct the GPS observables of the error due to ionosphere. This work aims at evaluating the quality of GPS point positioning using the IGS ionospheric model in the Brazilian region. Tests carried out had shown an average improvement in the horizontal and vertical determination of 72% and 26%, respectively, when GIM is used in the point positioning.

The influence of seasonalness on the structural characteristics of aquatic humic substances extracted from Negro River (Amazon state) waters: Interactions with Hg(II)

In this work, humic substances were extracted from water samples collected monthly from the Negro River basin in the Amazon state (Brazil) to study their properties in the Amazonian environment and interactions with the mercury ion considering the influence of seasonalness in this formation. The C/H, C/N and C/O atomic ratio parameters, functional groups, concentration of semiquinone-type free radicals, pH, pluviometric and fluviometric indices, and mercury concentrations were interpreted using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The statistical analyses showed that when the pluviometric index was greater and the fluviometric index was smaller, the degree of humification of aquatic substances was greater. The following decreasing order of the degree of humification of the AHS collected monthly was established: Nov/02 to Feb/03 > Mar/02 to May/02 > Jun/02 to Oct/02. The greatest concentrations of mercury were detected in more humidified samples. These results suggest that due to inter and/or intra-molecular rearrangements, the degree of humification of aquatic humic substances is related to its affinity for Hg(II) ions. ©2007 Sociedade Brasileira de Química.

Fontes de distorções da rede geodésica Brasileira

The Brazilian Geodetic Network started to be established in the early 40's, employing classical surveying methods, such as triangulation and trilateration. With the introduction of satellite positioning systems, such as TRANSIT and GPS, that network was densified. That data was adjusted by employing a variety of methods, yielding distortions in the network that need to be understood. In this work, we analyze and interpret study cases in an attempt to understand the distortions in the Brazilian network. For each case, we performed the network adjustment employing the GHOST software suite. The results show that the distortion is least sensitive to the removal of invar baselines in the classical network. The network would be more affected by the inexistence of Laplace stations and Doppler control points, with differences up to 4.5 m.

Avaliação crítica da legislação brasileira de sucos de fruta, com ênfase no suco de fruta pronto para beber

The aim of this work was to critically assess the Brazilian regulations on fruit juices, with emphasis on ready-to-drink fruit juice. According to the Brazilian regulations, bottled fruit juices must follow specific regulations. They should be in accordance with the definition and designation that identify them, with the quality parameters established, and especially, follow the Brazilian food labeling regulations. The Brazilian regulations on bottled fruit juices have some gaps that promote their misunderstanding and marketing of substandard juices. Frequent changes, divergent labeling regulations and inappropriate use of expressions on the label can also lead to misinterpretation. Food regulations need to be clear and updated frequently if they are to be known and followed. Additionally, their wide dissemination should contribute to informed choices when buying.

Variabilidade temporal e meridional de estimativas de Satélite da concentração de clorofila superficial na plataforma continental brasileira

Forecast of biological consequences of climate changes depend on both long-term observations and the establishment of carbon budgets within pelagic ecosystems, including the assessment of biomasses and activities of all players in the global carbon cycle. Approximately 25% of oceanic primary happen over continental shelves, so these are important sites for studies of global carbon dynamics. The Brazilian Continental Shelf (BCS) has sparse and non-systematic in situ information on phytoplankton biomass, making products derived from ocean color remote sensing extremely valuable. This work analyzes chlorophyll concentration (Chl) estimated from four ocean color sensors (CZCS, OCTS, SeaWiFS and MODIS) over the BCS, to compare Chl and annual cycles meridionally. Also, useful complementary ocean color variables are presented. Chl gradients increased from the central region towards north and south, limited by estuarine plumes of Amazon and La Plata rivers, and clear annual Chl cycles appear in most areas. In southern and central areas, annual cycles show strong seasonal variability while interannual and long-term variability are equally important in the remaining areas. This is the first comparative evaluation of the Chl over the BCS and will aid the understanding of its long-term variability; essential initial step for discussions of climate changes.

Mudanças estruturais na agricultura brasileira, 1980-1998

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Pasteuriza̧ão de turfa brasileira para o cultivo de Agaricus brasiliensis

Agaricus brasiliensis is a Brazilian basidiomycete which has been cultivated and consumed around the world as a therapeutic food. Casing layer is one of the most important steps on A. brasiliensis cultivation and European peat is the most used casing layer on Agaricus bisporus cultivation. Besides the importance of it on mushroom cultivation the peat import could be a risk of exotic organism introduction. Alternative as Brazilian peat is barely used for mushroom growers in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate Brazilian peat with and without pasteurization as casing layer on A. brasiliensis cultivation. The fungus was previously grown on wheat grains and transferred to a substratum prepared by composted traditional method. After mycelium colonization of the substratum a pasteurized or non pasteurized Brazilian peat (casing layer) was added. It was concluded that pasteurization of the casing layer increases in 30% yield after 65 days of cultivation. There is no difference of yield for pasteurized and non pasteurized casing layer until 30 days of cultivation. An increase of flies is observed in non pasteurized casing layer. The production flush is easily perceived with pasteurized casing layer but not with non pasteurized casing layer.

A experiência brasileira com instituições financeiras de desenvolvimento

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Acceso ao financiamento para moradia pelos extratos de média e baixa renda: a experiência brasileira recente

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Desigualdades raciais e políticas de inclusão racial: um sumário da experiência brasileira recente

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