887 resultados para Estres oxidativo


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In occidental Europe, Spain is one of countries the most severely affected by desertification (Arnalds & Arsher 2000). Particularly, South-eastern Spain is considered as one of the most threatened areas by desertification in Mediterranean Europe (Vallejo 1997). In 2003, the Valencia Regional Forest Service implemented a restoration demonstration project in this area. The project site is a small catchment (25 ha) located in the Albatera municipality. The catchment is highly heterogeneous, with terraced slopes, south-facing slopes and north-facing slopes. The restoration strategy was based on planting evergreen trees and shrubs which can grow quickly after disturbances, and on field treatments aimed at maximizing water collection (micro-catchments, planting furrows), organic amendment (compost), and conservation (tree shelters, mulching). On south landscape unit, the whole category of restoration treatments was applied: water micro-catchment + Tubex tree shelters + mulching & compost, while on north landscape unit: netting tree shelters + mulching & compost only were applied, while in terrace landscape unit: furrows + netting tree shelters + mulching & compost were applied. Survival and growth of the planted seedlings were used as metrics of restoration success. To assess the effects of the treatments applied for soil conservation, soil loss rates (from 2005 to 2009) were evaluated using the erosion pin method. We conclude that, despite the limiting conditions prevailing on the south unit, this landscape unit showed the highest survival and growth plant rates in the area. The best seedling performances on the south landscape unit were probably due to the highest technical efforts applied, consisting in the water micro-catchment installation and the Tubex plant shelters addition. In addition, soil loss rates followed decreasing trends throughout the assessment period. Soil loss rates were highest on south landscape unit in comparison with the other landscape units, due to the more accentuated relief. North landscape unit and terrace unit showed a net soil mass gain, probably reflecting the trapping of sediments produced by plantation works.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Forest plantations have been extensively used to combat desertification. In drylands, harsh climate conditions and unfertile soils often preclude seedling establishment. The improvement in seedling quality by manipulating nutrient availability could contribute to increase planting success. However, morpho-functional traits defining optimum seedling quality in drylands, and the fertilization schemes to achieve them, are still under discussion. Several studies suggest that well fertilized seedlings may perform better than nutrient limited seedlings in these environments. However, recent works have shown opposite results. In this review, we discuss the concept of seedling quality in drylands based on an evaluation of the effects of nutrient manipulation on seedling morpho-functional traits and field performance. According to existing data, we hypothesize that nutrient-limited small seedlings may be better adapted to arid environments and unfavorable microsites, where access to water is uncertain and a conservative water use strategy may be advantageous. In contrast, in dry sub-humid areas, areas with deep soils, protected from excess radiation, and areas where irrigation is feasible, well-fertilized big seedlings with high root growth potential may have more chances of success. We discuss this theory in the context of the multiple objectives of dryland restoration and the environmental constrains posed by these areas, and identify knowledge gaps that should be targeted to test our hypothesis.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Studies on positive plant–plant relations have traditionally focused on pair-wise interactions. Conversely, the interaction with other co-occurring species has scarcely been addressed, despite the fact that the entire community may affect plant performance. We used woody vegetation patches as models to evaluate community facilitation in semi-arid steppes. We characterized biotic and physical attributes of 53 woody patches (patch size, litter accumulation, canopy density, vegetation cover, species number and identity, and phylogenetic distance), and soil fertility (organic C and total N), and evaluated their relative importance for the performance of seedlings of Pistacia lentiscus, a keystone woody species in western Mediterranean steppes. Seedlings were planted underneath the patches, and on their northern and southern edges. Woody patches positively affected seedling survival but not seedling growth. Soil fertility was higher underneath the patches than elsewhere. Physical and biotic attributes of woody patches affected seedling survival, but these effects depended on microsite conditions. The composition of the community of small shrubs and perennial grasses growing underneath the patches controlled seedling performance. An increase in Stipa tenacissima and a decrease in Brachypodium retusum increased the probability of survival. The cover of these species and other small shrubs, litter depth and community phylogenetic distance, were also related to seedling survival. Seedlings planted on the northern edge of the patches were mostly affected by attributes of the biotic community. These traits were of lesser importance in seedlings planted underneath and in the southern edge of patches, suggesting that constraints to seedling establishment differed within the patches. Our study highlights the importance of taking into consideration community attributes over pair-wise interactions when evaluating the outcome of ecological interactions in multi-specific communities, as they have profound implications in the composition, function and management of semi-arid steppes.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

El Trypanosoma cruzi, agente causal del Chagas, atraviesa la placenta, pudiendo infectar el feto y causando la enfermedad de Chagas congénita. Hay evidencias de que la competencia inmunológica de la placenta juega un rol en la transmisión congénita. El proceso de infección placentario puede verse modificado por el juego entre factores deletéreos para T. cruzi, como el óxido nítrico (NO), estrés nitrosativo-oxidativo (EO) y la cantidad de parásitos y capacidad de la célula parasitaria de resistir, invadir y proliferar dentro del tejido placentario. El factor inhibitorio de la migración de macrófagos (MIF) es una citoquina proinflamatoria que juega un importante rol inmuno-regulatorio que estimula la producción de NO. Por ello postulamos como hipótesis que T. cruzi incrementa la producción de MIF en placenta, con aumento de citoquinas proinflamatorias, óxido nítrico e incremento del estrés nitrosativo, participando en la infección de la placenta y el mecanismo de transmisión congénita de la enfermedad. Los objetivos específicos son: a)Analizar el sistema MIF - ICAM1 - NO en la infección de explantos de vellosidades placentarias por formas trypomastigotes del T. cruzi en diseños experimentales in vitro. b)Verificar estado de estrés oxidativo-nitrosativo y alteraciones de la barrera placentaria inducido por óxido nítrico en explantos placentarios en presencia de T. cruzi in vitro. c)Analizar la expresión de MIF e ICAM-1 en placentas en un modelo de Chagas congénito en ratones infectados con T. cruzi de la cepa Tulahuen con dieta normoproteica y normocalorica. d)Verificar nivel de transmisión congénita en las crías de ratones infectados por T. cruzi según expresión de MIF e ICAM1 con dietas normales para estos animales. Los diseños experimentales serán in Vitro mediante empleo de explantos de placentas en cultivo en interacción con formas infectivas de T. cruzi y diseños en ratones en un modelo de transmisión congénita. Las técnicas a emplear serán cultivos de tejidos, técnicas inmunohistoquímicas, western blot, PCR y qPCR, RT-qPCR, mediciones analíticas en medios de cultivos y plasma y suero de ratones. Esperamos encontrar una respuesta inflamatoria exacerbada, como ya ha sido descripta en embarazadas que produjeron transmisión congénita de la enfermedad de Chagas a sus hijos, el incremento de citoquinas pro-inflamatorias y del estrés nitrosativo como el observado in vitro inducido por T. cruzi, (resultados preliminares) que podrían dañar la barrera placentaria y favorecer la transmisión congénita de la enfermedad de Chagas mediada por MIF. Como MIF se puede detectar en circulación sanguínea de la embarazada que en parte es aportado por la placenta (Cardalopolis y col., 2012), podría emplearse como un indicador de la probabilidad de transmisión congénita de la enfermedad.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Tese de doutoramento, Ciências do Mar, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2016

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Mode of access: Internet.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

NUC,