Agriculture Plus Plus : growth strategy for Myanmar agriculture

The development of agriculture is a main pillar of Myanmar’s growth strategies. It is natural for the Myanmar government to prioritize agriculture as a source of economic growth, since it accounted for 36% of GDP, employs a majority of labor force, and generates nearly 30% of exports as of 2010. Although the agricultural share in GDP and employment usually declines as an economy grows, it is not a sunset industry in Myanmar. Methods exist for increasing agriculture’s value added other than the growth of labor and land inputs. The key is to enhance three productivity measures: labor, land, and total productivity. We call this strategy "Agriculture Plus Plus."

Five growth strategies for Myanmar : re-engagement with the global economy

After decades of isolation, Myanmar is now actively re-engaging with the global economy. For successful re-engagement, Myanmar needs to implement comprehensive economic reforms based on a shared vision for long-term economic development that is characterized by human-centered, high, sustainable, pro-poor, inclusive, and balanced economic growth. In this paper, we propose five growth strategies: "Agriculture Plus Plus," an export-oriented strategy, a foreign direct investment-driven strategy, a two-polar growth strategy, and a strategy to develop domestic economic corridors. These strategies are used as guides to translate these development agendas into a set of implementable policies, programs, and projects.

開発政策としての優遇アクセスの成果と課題 -- マダガスカルに対する経済制裁を例に

世界貿易機関（WTO）のドーハ開発ラウンドでは、後発開発途上国が無税無枠で他国に輸出できる措置を実施することが協議されているが、ラウンド自体が合意に至っていないため、各国はWTOの枠組みとは別に、二国間で優遇的なアクセスを提供している。本稿では、アメリカおよびEU 市場への優遇アクセスの下で衣料品の輸出を成長させてきたマダガスカルの縫製産業を例に、二国間の優遇アクセスの成果と課題を検討した。マダガスカルでは2009年に政変が発生し、アメリカ政府は同国に対して輸入関税を免除するアフリカ成長機会法（AGOA）の適用を停止した。AGOAの中止は、同国からアメリカ市場向けの輸出を64～78%減少させ、その影響は政変そのものよりも大きいと推定された。また、企業レベルでは、アメリカ向けに輸出していた工場の閉鎖と、それに伴って非熟練労働者を中心に雇用が減少したことが企業データから明らかになった。低所得国に対する優遇アクセスの中止は、輸出額の減少を通じて、教育水準が低い女性の雇用に大きな影響を与える可能性がある。貧困削減の点からは、制度の運用変更が容易な2国間よりも、多国間の枠組みの下で安定的な優遇アクセスが提供されることが望ましい。

Integral solution for Web conferencing event management

Nowadays video and web conferencing systems have become effective tools for communication and collaboration inside organizations. However, although these systems have evolved and now provide very nice features (e.g. sharing multimedia and documents), they are still too focused on the moment the meeting takes place. The existing systems provide very few facilities to organize the meeting and they do not take advantage of the possibilities the generated content offers once the meeting is finished. In this paper, we analyze the life cycle of a web conference and how existing systems monitor these conferences. Finally we present our solution, based on our know-how in videoconference management and our experience with these existing systems.

Do PGI integrated farms perform better? The case of the beef farms in Spain

European rural development policy is gaining in importance through one of its key instruments, the Protected Geographical Indications (PGI) system, which is designed to improve quality standards. Previous research has shown that PGI-certified beef farms tend to be more extensively managed operations that are better adapted to mountainous areas. This paper describes a comparative study of two production systems, one with PGI certification and one without, focusing on a number of economic variables. The results show a positive association between PGI production and profitability. In efficiency terms, non-certified farms show better pure technical efficiency scores, while PGI-certified holdings score higher on scale efficiency.

Propagation mechanism modelling in the near region of circular tunnels

Artículo sobre comunicaciones ferroviarias. Abstract: Along with the increase in operating frequencies in advanced radio communication systems utilised inside tunnels, the location of the break point is further and further away from the transmitter. This means that the near region lengthens considerably and even occupies the whole propagation cell or the entire length of some short tunnels. To begin with, this study analyses the propagation loss resulting from the free-space mechanism and the multi-mode waveguide mechanism in the near region of circular tunnels, respectively. Then, by conjunctive employing the propagation theory and the three-dimensional solid geometry, a general analytical model of the dividing point between two propagation mechanisms is presented for the first time. Moreover, the model is validated by a wide range of measurement campaigns in different tunnels at different frequencies. Finally, discussions on the simplified formulae of the dividing point in some application situations are made. The results in this study can be helpful to grasp the essence of the propagation mechanism inside tunnels.

Enhanced Failure Detection Mechanism in MapReduce

The popularity of MapReduce programming model has increased interest in the research community for its improvement. Among the other directions, the point of fault tolerance, concretely the failure detection issue seems to be a crucial one, but that until now has not reached its satisfying level. Motivated by this, I decided to devote my main research during this period into having a prototype system architecture of MapReduce framework with a new failure detection service, containing both analytical (theoretical) and implementation part. I am confident that this work should lead the way for further contributions in detecting failures to any NoSQL App frameworks, and cloud storage systems in general.

Determining practices achievement in the requirement management process using a two-stage questionnaire

This paper aims to obtain a baseline snapshot of the requirement management process using a two-stage questionnaire to identify both performed and non-performed CMMI practices. The questionnaire proposed in this paper may help with the assessment of the requirement management process, provide useful information related to the current state of the process, and indicate those practices that require immediate attention with the aim of begin a Software Process Improvement program.

Linear color correction for multiple illumination changes and non-overlapping cameras

Many image processing methods, such as techniques for people re-identification, assume photometric constancy between different images. This study addresses the correction of photometric variations based upon changes in background areas to correct foreground areas. The authors assume a multiple light source model where all light sources can have different colours and will change over time. In training mode, the authors learn per-location relations between foreground and background colour intensities. In correction mode, the authors apply a double linear correction model based on learned relations. This double linear correction includes a dynamic local illumination correction mapping as well as an inter-camera mapping. The authors evaluate their illumination correction by computing the similarity between two images based on the earth mover's distance. The authors compare the results to a representative auto-exposure algorithm found in the recent literature plus a colour correction one based on the inverse-intensity chromaticity. Especially in complex scenarios the authors’ method outperforms these state-of-the-art algorithms.

Logarithmical hopping encoding: a low computational complexity algorithm for image compression

LHE (logarithmical hopping encoding) is a computationally efficient image compression algorithm that exploits the Weber–Fechner law to encode the error between colour component predictions and the actual value of such components. More concretely, for each pixel, luminance and chrominance predictions are calculated as a function of the surrounding pixels and then the error between the predictions and the actual values are logarithmically quantised. The main advantage of LHE is that although it is capable of achieving a low-bit rate encoding with high quality results in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and image quality metrics with full-reference (FSIM) and non-reference (blind/referenceless image spatial quality evaluator), its time complexity is O( n) and its memory complexity is O(1). Furthermore, an enhanced version of the algorithm is proposed, where the output codes provided by the logarithmical quantiser are used in a pre-processing stage to estimate the perceptual relevance of the image blocks. This allows the algorithm to downsample the blocks with low perceptual relevance, thus improving the compression rate. The performance of LHE is especially remarkable when the bit per pixel rate is low, showing much better quality, in terms of PSNR and FSIM, than JPEG and slightly lower quality than JPEG-2000 but being more computationally efficient.

Improved high-speed de-excitation system for brushless synchronous machines tested on a 20 MVA hydro-generator

Synchronous machines with brushless excitation have the disadvantage that the field winding is not accessible for the de-excitation of the machine. This means that, despite the proper operation of the protection system, the slow de-excitation time constant may produce severe damage in the event of an internal short circuit. A high-speed de-excitation system for these machines was developed, and this study presents the continuation of a previously published study. This study presents the design by computer simulation and the results of the first commissioning of this de-excitation system in a commercial 20 MVA hydro-generator. The de-excitation is achieved by inserting resistance in the field circuit, obtaining a dynamic response similar to that achieved in machines with static excitation. In this case, a non-linear discharge resistor was used, making the dynamic response even better.

Territorios de excepción la CV500 como laboratorio de arquitectura

La innovación en arquitectura reside en los desplazamientos: llevar el trópico a Dinamarca, un trasatlántico al centro de la ciudad, el pasado al presente, el presente al futuro y también lo profano a la academia. De estos últimos desplazamientos, habituales en la práctica de la teoría del proyecto, se ocupa esta tesis. La investigación profundizará en el tránsito de lo ordinario al archivo y viceversa, de lo hallado en un fragmento de paisaje existente desconocido para la literatura disciplinar: el territorio de la carretera CV500. Sus límites serán, en lo geográfico, el tramo entre Valencia y Sueca y, en lo temporal, los años desde el Plan de Urbanización del Saler en la época del desarrollismo de los 60s hasta La Ruta del Bacalao en la década de los 80s. El “intercambio innovador” será conducido a través de dos probados descriptores y formuladores de teoría de arquitectura a partir de relecturas de lo ordinario: Learning from Las Vegas y Delirious New York ABSTRACT Innovation in architecture resides on displacements: taking the tropics to Denmark and the ocean liners to the city centre, bringing the past to the present and taking the present to the future, and converting the ordinary into academia. This thesis will deal with this last displacement, common in the practice of project theory. The research will provide an in-depth view of the transition from the ordinary into cultural archives and vice versa, based on what was found in a fragment of an existing landscape absent from related literature: the territory of the CV500 road. The geographical limit will be the section between Valencia and Sueca, while the time limit will be the years from the Saler Zoning Plan during the economic development policy of the 1960s to the “Bacalao” clubbing route of the 1980s. The “innovative exchange” will be led through two proven architecture theory descriptors and formulators based on rereading the ordinary: Learning from Las Vegas and Delirious New York.

Oil and Gas Environmental Documentation Guidance Based on Existing Environmental Assessment Documentation

The hard push for domestic oil and gas production suggests a developing divergence from environmentally sound practices. As states feel the pressure to match energy growth to national need, adequate consideration for the surrounding environment should continue to be a high priority. Through an analyses of twelve environmental assessment documents, recommendations for an oil and gas specific environmental assessment documentation guidance has been created. Guidance recommendations for the affected environment, mitigation options, alternatives, public comment process and the overall approach to an environmental assessment document is outlined within this capstone.

Restoration Efforts and Prairie Dog Management at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge

The Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge is being re-seeded to native shortgrass prairie, but the effects of prairie dog colonization on some sites may be limiting successful native plant establishment. This Capstone Project compares vegetation monitoring data and prairie dog distributions in four refuge sites to evaluate the effects of prairie dog colonization on restoration. In general, native plant abundance has increased on study plots since initiation of restoration. Localized changes in plant abundance have occurred among transects, but prairie dog densities could not be correlated with the changes. Future prairie dog expansion is cause for concern due to intensified burrowing and grazing effects. Seven recommendations are presented to aid future restoration efforts.

A Case Study: Recycling in the Residence Halls at Howard University

Howard University was recently identified as a school that lacks recycling initiatives and policies. In response, Howard University drafted a plan to become the greenest college in the United States. This study was conducted to identify if there were existing recycling practices on the campus, compare the practices, if applicable, to the local recycling regulations, and present potential obstacles and recommendations to be used by Howard University while designing their recycling program. This study was performed by visiting the campus to identify recycling practices and interviewing campus occupants, and comparing the findings to the local recycling regulations. The key finding of this study is that Howard University does not have a recycling program and does not comply with local recycling regulations.