A presunção de inocência nas fases preliminares do processo penal

This study analyses the principle of presumption of innocence in the preliminary stages of the Portuguese criminal process, its procedural aspect related with the principle of in dubio pro reo and its material aspect concerning the treatment of the defendant during the proceedings. The consequences and manifestations of the principle of presumption of innocence are analysed in the decisions of the closing stages of the preliminary criminal procedure and the application of the principle of in dubio pro reo is analysed in the judgement of sufficiency of evidence for the procedure to continue. It addresses the question of circumstantial evidence, its particular relevance in economic and financial crime, highly organized crime, the grounds for the indictment in general and when the sufficiency of evidence criteria is based on that evidence. It analyses the scope of the principle of presumption of innocence in the application of coercive measures, with reference to the arrest, first interrogation of the accused under detention and reasons for the subsequent dispatch about the measures. The asset assurance measures of preventive seizure and the preventive seizure to ensure confiscation are analysed and principle of presumption of innocence is considered non applicable to those measures.

Relatório de estágio no departamento central de investigação e acção penal

The means of obtaining evidence, the amount of evidence obtained, the number of defendants related to each criminal case and the gravity of the crimes for which the magistrates of the Department are holders of penal action, define its real importance to the Rule of Law. I have deeply studied the subject of the institution of hierarchical intervention required by the assistant and the application of an opening statement by the defendant, starting from a hypothetical case, provided when the query of an investigation with the subject of the crime of active corruption, where this institution was called as a reaction to the archiving dispatch delivered by the Public Ministry. I have study about the implementation of the institution of provisional suspension of the process, specifically in the scope of fiscal criminality, analyzing the effective satisfaction of the purposes of the sentences in two slopes: general prevention and special prevention. I went for my first time to a Central Court of Criminal Instruction, where I attended the measures of inquiry and instructive debate of a process that culminated with the prosecution and pronunciation of the defendants. In addition to this criminal experience, I have deepened and consolidated the academic knowledge with the study of various criminal cases from various fields in the scope of criminality investigated by the Department. I could therefore check the basis of procedural delays, regarding to our legal system, especially in this type of crime, raising issues that I analyzed and discussed, always in a critical and academic way. I had the opportunity to attend and witness a seminar in the Lisbon Directorate of Finance as well of entering the Centre for Judicial Studies to attend a conference on the International Anti-Corruption Day. Focus on the investigatory importance of the international judicial cooperation, through the various organs, with special interest to EUROJUST. I comprehended the organization and functioning of these communitarian organs and means of communication of procedural acts, in particular, the rogatory letters and european arrest warrants. This involvement is motivated by the moratorium factor of the investigations where rogatory letters are necessary for the acquisition of evidence or information relevant to the good continuation of the process. For this reason the judicial cooperation through the relevant communitarian organs, translates a streamlined response between the competent judicial authorities of the Member States, through the National Member that integrates EUROJUST. This report aims to highlight some of the difficulties and procedural issues that Public Prosecutors of DCIAP and criminal police bodies that assist them, face in combating violent and organized crime, of national and transnational nature, of particular complexity, according to the specifics of criminal types.

"A testemunha-vítima e o dieito de recusa de depoimento, no Código de Processo Penal

Study of the problems involved in the application of the right of refusal to testify (Article 134. º CPP) to criminal charges of domestic violence, namely in situations of violence between spouses. Drawing attention, to some of the contingencies of the exercise of the right of refusal in such proceedings, a matter never before examined under Portuguese law, and also to the need to reconsider, based on the North American experience, the application of the law in these cases.

O regime penal das imunidades dos titulares dos órgãos políticos de soberania

Portugal is one of the countries that has a constitutional regime of immunity. This protects certain individuals in political positions from prosecution under the law. These individuals are said to have a privileged status when compared to ordinary citizens. The purpose of this study is to examine the immunities enjoyed by President, the members of Parliament and the government ministers. The regime of immunities can be found to generate a certain sense of injustice and feelings of mistrust since the individual can not, albeit temporarily, be held criminally responsible for criminal conduct. It is urgent, therefore, to find a consistent justification with the principles and values of the Criminal Law. The Parliament is the place of the exercise of democratic power and, therefore, a member of Parliament assumes a central position in parliamentary activity. For this reason, it will be necessary to determine analysis to determine the meaning the prerogative of criminal irresponsibility. One question that must be asked is to know how the dogmatic plan that the immunities of the political organs of sovereignty must be seen.

A imputabilidade do adolescente no direito penal

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito da Criança, Família, Órfãos e Sucessões

Para um (novo) modelo de intervenção penal na União Europeia: uma reflexão a partir do princípio de legalidade como limite material de atuação da Procuradoria Europeia

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Jurídicas (área de especialização em Ciências Jurídicas - Públicas)

Responsabilidade penal no transtorno bipolar

Os autores relatam o caso de uma mulher que cometeu delito de assalto e foi avaliada em perícia psiquiátrica para análise da responsabilidade penal. Conclui-se que ela apresentava doença mental, na forma de transtorno bipolar, daí ser inimputável. A avaliação da responsabilidade penal é de extrema importância, para que se possam aplicar medidas de segurança ou sanções penais e correcionais adequadas a cada caso.

Retardo mental: periculosidade e responsabilidade penal

O objetivo do presente artigo é discutir os conceitos de periculosidade e responsabilidade penal, por meio do relato de caso de uma paciente com diagnóstico de retardo mental que cometeu homicídio. Ela foi submetida à medida de segurança detentiva em hospital psiquiátrico de custódia e segurança, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Este relato demonstra a importância da psicopatologia e da psiquiatria na prática forense, auxiliando o magistrado na determinação da responsabilidade penal do indivíduo portador de transtorno mental ou retardo mental. O estudo do comportamento violento em indivíduos com transtornos psiquiátricos pode contribuir para o seu entendimento, prevenção e tratamento.

Fase da instrução: quo vadis?: repensar o sentido da instrução no processo penal português

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito Judiciário (Direitos Processuais e Organização Judiciária)

Mediação Penal Juvenil: um novo paradigma de resposta à delinquência

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito Judiciário (Direitos Processuais e Organização Judiciária)

Pharming: análise dogmático-penal, em especial enquanto forma de lesão do património

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito e Informática

Ideas y propuestas para la renovación del sistema de justicia (con especial referencia al orden penal)

El programa consta de una serie de proyectos vinculados a la necesidad del cambio en materia realizadora (procesal y sustantiva), con especial referencia al orden penal. I- En materia penal, los rasgos sobresalientes de esta “revolución procesal” están puestos en las siguientes notas: a)“Privatización”, en el sentido de un reordenamiento de los roles de los órganos de la función judicial; b)“Desformalización”, interpretada como captación de procedimientos ágiles y menos burocráticos, acortando el puente formal entre la comisión del hecho delictuoso y la sentencia; c) Todo ello en acompañamiento de una “Reformulación del sistema penal constitutivo de fondo”, replanteando la naturaleza de la pretensión penal y la captación de formas de composición diferenciadas de la actual regulación de la pena. 1.1 El cambio que propiciamos reconoce motivaciones fácticas tales como: recarga de la función judicial en lo penal y colapso del sistema judicial; advertencia de la imprescindibilidad de la consecución de la celeridad y economía procesales; replanteo de los fundamentos, fines, eficacia y función del régimen punitivo, básicamente-. La causalidad jurídica, su modificación y superación enmarcan el objeto de estudio de este programa, siempre bajo la premisa del debido enfoque constitucional y el inalterable respeto de la bi-dimensionalidad del principio de defensa. 1.2 Atento a nuestro régimen federal de gobierno, los continentes legislativos de la reforma no pueden limitarse a los códigos de procedimiento, sino que deben ampliarse al ámbito de la denominada legislación de fondo que, en el punto, actúa también a manera de norma realizadora, ya que, por razones de uniformidad e igualdad ante la ley, ciertas disposiciones que hacen a la regulación del procedimiento ameritan su inserción a nivel del Código Penal. Esto es: han de emanar del Congreso de la Nación. 1.3 En el desarrollo analítico de las cuestiones principales involucradas en el proceso de reforma que encaramos, se toma como eje el trípode de poderes de realización que, interactuando entre sí, configuran la trama del proceso: acción penal, jurisdicción y reacción penal. II- Finalmente, en cuanto al sistema judicial extra-penal, se abordan fundamentalmente cuestiones de actualidad en la problemática procedimental. Por ejemplo, lo relativo a la ecología.

El régimen de la prescripción liberatoria en el derecho privado y la seguridad jurídica

Se examinará con un criterio sistemático e integrativo la regulación de la prescripción liberatoria en el derecho privado argentino, tanto a nivel legal como jurisprudencial, tanto en los códigos generales como en las leyes especiales, con el objeto de verificar si el sistema es simple o complejo, genera seguridad jurídica o se muestra desordenado e inseguro, es compatible con parámetros de justicia o conduce a resultados axiológicamente inaceptables, considera debidamente la situación de los débiles jurídicos o no los tiene en cuenta y da lugar a espacios de desprotección. Se realizará este estudio considerando los diferentes aspectos técnicos implicados (plazos, cómputo de plazos, interrupción, suspensión, requisitos, etc.), trazando un panorama general del sistema. Si del estudio realizado surge la imperfección o deficiencia del sistema, por resultar demasiado complejo, inseguro, injusto o insuficientemente tuitivo de los débiles jurídicos, se propondrán los criterios adecuados para maximizar su simplicidad, la satisfacción de la seguridad jurídica y la justicia y la adecuada tutela de los débiles, proyectando en caso de considerarse pertinente las reformas legales respectivas, con su respectiva fundamentación general y en particular.