Détection et prévention de l'état confusionnel aigu chez des personnes âgées à domicile après une hospitalisation ou maladie aiguë récente : une étude clinique randomisée pilote

Background: One third of hospitalized older-adults who developed a delirium are discharged prior to complete resolution of their symptoms. Others may develop symptoms shortly after their hospital discharge or an acute illness. Therefore, strategies for early detection and prevention of delirium at home must be created and implemented. Aims: The aim of the pilot study was two-fold. First, to develop and test the effectiveness of a nursing intervention to detect and prevent delirium among older- adults who were recently hospitalized or had an acute illness. Second, we assessed the feasibility and acceptability of this nursing intervention strategy with this specific population. Methods: A total of 114 patients age 65 and older were recruited in a home health service to participate between February and November 2012. Participants were randomized into an experimental group (n=56) or a control group (n=58). In addition to the control group which only receives standard home care, nursing interventions tailored to detect/prevent delirium were delivered to the experimental group at 5 time points following discharge (at 48 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, 14 days, and 21 days). Socio-demographic characteristics, body mass index, medications, comorbidities, delirium symptoms (Confusion Assessment Method), cognitive impairment (Mini- Mental State Examination) and functional status (Activities of Daily Living) were assessed at study entry (TT). Outcomes of delirium symptoms, cognitive impairment and functional status were assessed after one month (T2). Descriptive and bivariate methods were used to analyse the data. Results: The two groups were similar at baseline. At one month following discharge no statistical differences were observed between groups in terms of symptoms of delirium (p= 0.085), cognitive impairment (p= 0.151) and functional status (p= 0.235). However in the nursing intervention group, significant improvements in cognitive functioning (p= 0,005) and functional status (p= 0,000) as well as decreased delirium symptoms (p=0,003) were observed. The nursing intervention strategy was feasible and well received by the participants. Conclusion: Nursing intervention strategy to detect/prevent delirium appears to be effective but a larger clinical study is needed to confirm these preliminary findings. - Introduction : Un tiers des personnes âgées hospitalisées développent un état confusionnel aigu (ECA) et quittent l'hôpital sans que les symptômes ne soient résolus. D'autres peuvent développer des symptômes d'ECA à domicile après une hospitalisation ou une maladie aiguë. Pour ces raisons, des stratégies de détection et prévention précoces d'ECA doivent être développées, implantées et évaluées. But : Cette étude pilote avait pour but de développer et tester les effets d'une stratégie d'interventions infirmières pour détecter et prévenir l'ECA chez des personnes âgées à domicile après une hospitalisation ou une maladie récente. Dans un deuxième temps, la faisabilité et l'acceptabilité de l'implantation de cette stratégie auprès de cette population spécifique ainsi que de l'étude ont été évaluées. Méthode : Au total 114 personnes 65 ans) ont été recrutées entre février et novembre 2012. Les participants ont été randomisés, soit dans le groupe expérimental (GE, n=56), soit dans le groupe témoin (GT, n=58). En complément des soins usuels, une stratégie d'interventions de détection/prévention d'ECA a été dispensée au GE à 48 heures, 72 heures, 7 jours, 14 jours et 21 jours après le retour à domicile ou une maladie récente. Des données sociodémographiques et de santé (Indice de Masse Corporelle, relevé de la médication, comorbidités), la présence de symptômes d'ECA (Confusion Assessment Method), de troubles cognitifs (Mini évaluation de l'état mental) et de déficit fonctionnel (Activités de la vie quotidienne et instrumentales) ont été évalués à l'entrée de l'étude (T,). L'effet de la stratégie d'interventions a été mesuré sur le nombre de symptômes d'ECA, du déficit/état cognitif (Mini évaluation de l'état mental) et du déficit/état fonctionnel (Activités de la vie quotidienne) après un mois (T2). Des analyses descriptives et bivariées ont été effectuées. Résultats : Les deux groupes étaient équivalents au début de l'étude. Aucune différence significative n'a été retrouvée après un mois entre le GE et le GT par rapport au nombre de symptômes d'ECA (p= 0,085), au déficit cognitif (p= 0,151) et fonctionnel (p= 0,235). Toutefois, une amélioration significative a été observée dans le GE par rapport aux symptômes d'ECA (p= 0,003), aux déficits cognitifs (p= 0,005) et fonctionnels (p= 0,000) à un mois. La stratégie d'interventions s'avère faisable et a été bien acceptée par les participants. Conclusion : La stratégie d'interventions infirmières de détection/prévention d'ECA à domicile semble prometteuse, mais des études cliniques à large échelle sont nécessaires pour confirmer ces résultats préliminaires.

Ordonnances (de l'amirauté de France) portant injonction à toutes personnes demeurantes dans l'étendue de l'amirauté ou des amirautés particulières de son ressort, qui ont à leur service des nègres ou mulâtres de l'un ou de l'autre sexe, d'en faire leur déclaration... au greffe de l'amirauté de France ou aux greffes des amirautés particulières de son ressort et fait défenses par provision à toutes personnes, de quelle qualité et condition qu'elles soient de vendre ou acheter aucuns nègres ou mulâtres de l'un ou de l'autre sexe. (Des 31 mars et 5 avril 1762)

[Acte. 1762-03-31. Paris]

Unplanned nursing home short stay : elderly patients characteristics and 3-month outcomes.

Background: Nursing home short stays (NHSS) in the canton of Vaud have been introduced for respite care purpose. However, a growing number of older patients are urgently admitted from home (within 24h) or directly after hospital discharge (58% of all admissions in 2010). NHSS appears therefore as an increasingly important component of the health care system, but the characteristics of admitted patients have not been previously described. A better knowledge would contribute to identify specific care needs and enhance their care. Objectives: 1) To describe the characteristics of patients admitted in unplanned NHSS ( after hospital stay or urgently from home); 2) To determine living disposition 3-month after NHSS discharge. Method: Over a 18-month period, elderly patients with unplanned NHSS admission to 2 facilities in Lausanne were identified. Demographic, social, health, and functional data, as well as main reason for admission were collected. Death and place of living at 3-months were collected using the administrative database. Results: Overall, 114 patients (mean age 83.1 ± 6.2 years, 77% women, 84% living alone) were assessed, 80% being admitted from hospital. Mean score in Lawton's instrumental ADL before NHSS admission was 4.6 ± 2.5 and 69% of the patients were home care recipients (median number of weekly visits: 5 ± 3). Patients reported going out 4.2 ± 1.3 times/week and 56% reported at least one fall over the past year. Among the 91 patients coming from the hospital, main reason for admission was injury/limb immobilization (58%), recuperation (13%) and functional impairment in basic ADL (10%). Mean score at Katz's Basic ADL at admission was 3.7 ± 1.9. Overall, 90% of patients were identified with gait and balance impairment, 78% with cognitive impairment and 70% with polypharmacy (>6 different drugs). At 3-month after NHSS discharge (N = 92), 72% patients were living at home, 16% had been admitted to long term care, and 6% died. Among patients living at home at follow-up, 11% had been readmitted to hospital during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Older patients with unplanned NHSS admission show a high prevalence of functional, mobility, and cognitive impairments, as well as other geriatric syndromes. Specific measures should be considered during these stays to prevent further functional decline and, possibly, hospital readmission. Patients admitted with basic ADLs impairment might be candidate for higher levels of care (rehabilitation).

Réunion internationale de physique, chimie, biologie, Congrès du Palais de la découverte, Paris, octobre 1937. 5, Chimie minérale / Van Arkel, U.-R. Evans, W.-L. Bragg... [et al.]

Collection : Actualités scientifiques et industrielles ; 722

A propos des "small area variations": opérations pour fracture de hanche dans le canton de Vaud. [Small area variations: surgery for hip fractures in the canton of Vaud].

OBJECTIVES: Studies of small area variations of health care utilization are more and more frequent. Such variations are often considered to be an indication of variations in the quality of medical care. The variations in the rate of operations for hip fractures are among the lowest studied to date, due to the fact that a consensus exists concerning this surgery. Our objective is to examine these variations within the context of relatively small and heterogeneous districts. METHOD: Based on anonymous computerized data on public hospital stays, this study describes the variations in population rates (crude and standardized) of operations for hip fracture among the health districts of the Canton of Vaud for the period from 1986 to 1991. District populations vary from 22,000 to 164,000. Using the extremal quotient (EQ), the importance of these variations was determined. RESULTS: The study population consists of 2363 cases, of which 78% are women. Mean age is 80.4 for women and 70.6 for men. Standardized rates of operation for hip fracture per 100,000 in the Canton Vaud for the years 1986 to 1991 are, respectively: 56; 67; 86; 91; 89 and 94. The EQ for the years 1986 to 1991 are respectively: 8.2; 4.0; 3.5; 2.7; 1.9 and 1.9. The high EQ, especially for the earlier years, are contrary to the initial premise of absence of variation. The progressive implementation in the Canton Vaud of VESKA medical statistics could play a role, as could the small size of many of the districts, with resultant instability of rates. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the wide variations shown here for an operation hardly regarded as subject to variations, it is important to exercise caution in interpreting published data of small area variations.