Virtual autopsy with multiphase postmortem computed tomographic angiography versus traditional medical autopsy to investigate unexpected deaths of hospitalized patients: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: "Virtual" autopsy by postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) can replace medical autopsy to a certain extent but has limitations for cardiovascular diseases. These limitations might be overcome by adding multiphase PMCT angiography. OBJECTIVE: To compare virtual autopsy by multiphase PMCT angiography with medical autopsy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01541995) SETTING: Single-center study at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, between 1 April 2012 and 31 March 2013. PATIENTS: Hospitalized patients who died unexpectedly or within 48 hours of an event necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. MEASUREMENTS: Diagnoses from clinical records were compared with findings from both types of autopsy. New diagnoses identified by autopsy were classified as major or minor, depending on whether they would have altered clinical management. RESULTS: Of 143 eligible patients, 50 (35%) had virtual and medical autopsy. Virtual autopsy confirmed 93% of all 336 diagnoses identified from antemortem medical records, and medical autopsy confirmed 80%. In addition, virtual and medical autopsy identified 16 new major and 238 new minor diagnoses. Seventy-three of the virtual autopsy diagnoses, including 32 cases of coronary artery stenosis, were identified solely by multiphase PMCT angiography. Of the 114 clinical diagnoses classified as cardiovascular, 110 were confirmed by virtual autopsy and 107 by medical autopsy. In 11 cases, multiphase PMCT angiography showed "unspecific filling defects," which were not reported by medical autopsy. LIMITATION: These results come from a single center with concerted interest and expertise in postmortem imaging; further studies are thus needed for generalization. CONCLUSION: In cases of unexpected death, the addition of multiphase PMCT angiography increases the value of virtual autopsy, making it a feasible alternative for quality control and identification of diagnoses traditionally made by medical autopsy. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf.

Polymorphisms of pyrimidine pathway enzymes encoding genes and HLA-B*4001 carriage in stavudine-associated lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients.

: To assess in a cohort of Caucasian patients exposed to stavudine (d4T) the association of polymorphisms in pyrimidine pathway enzymes and HLA-B*4001 carriage with HIV lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS). 336 patients, 187 with HALS and 149 without HALS, and 72 controls were recruited. HALS was associated with the presence of a low expression, thymidylate synthase (TS) genotype polymorphism. Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and HLA-B*4001 carriage were not associated with HALS or d4T-TP intracellular levels. In conclusion HALS is associated with combined low-expression TS and MTHFR associated with high activity polymorphisms but not with HLA-B*4001 carriage.

Growth and reproduction of the dolphinfish (Coryphaena equiselis and Coryphaena hippurus) in the Canary Islands, Central-East Atlantic (preliminary results)

The size, growth and spawning characteristics of pompano dolphin (N=150) and common dolphinfish (N=36) caught off the Canary Islands between May and September 1995 and between July and September 1996 were examined. Fork length (FL) of pompano dolphin was in the range 28.3-62.8 cm. In 1995, the mean length increased significantly from June to September. However, in 1996, the mean length was significantly larger in July than in September. The overall length-weight relationship was W=0.0287*FL2.774 (r=0.97), while these relationships by sex were as follows: W=0.031*FL2.758 (r=0.98) and W=0.0282*FL2.776 (r=0.97), for males and females respectively. Spawning takes place at the beginning of the Summer (June-July). All the individuals obtained showed developing gonads, but females showed a higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) than males. The highest GSI values were obtained in June (x- =3.10±1.73), and decreased progressively towards the end of the season (September), when the average of this index was x- = 1.86±0.87. Similarly, the condition index decreased significantly from June to September. The proportion of females was always significantly higher than males, except in July 1996 when it was 1:1. There was a high correspondence between growth rates determined by annuli scale interpretation and modal progression analysis. According to scale annuli interpretation, the individuals caught showed more than five age classes. However, there are doubts about age assignation from scales. Fork length of common dolphinfish was in the range of 76.5-103.0 cm. The length-weight relationships obtained for all the specimens caught was W=0.00095FL3.527 (r=0.96), while these relationships by sex were as follows: W=0.00398FL3.222 (r=0.94) and W=0.01656FL2.873 (r=0.91), for males and females respectively. Spawning probably takes place at the beginning of the Summer. All the individuals obtained showed developing gonads, although the GSI of females were higher than males. The highest GSI values were obtained in June (x- =5.50±2.17). In the same way, the condition index decreased from May to June. The proportion of females was always slightly higher than males (1:1.4), but the ratio was not significantly different from 1:1

Avaliação de estirpes de rizóbio para a produção de inoculantes para trevo vermelho

No Setor de Microbiologia do Solo, Departamento de Solos, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil, de janeiro de 1994 a março de 1995, quatro estirpes de Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii foram avaliadas para recomendação para a produção de inoculantes de trevo vermelho (Trifolium pratense). Em experimentos de casa de vegetação, as quatro estirpes apresentaram igual eficiência na fixação do nitrogênio. Contudo, em experimento de mistura de pares de estirpes, a estirpe SEMIA 222 foi mais competitiva na formação de nódulos. Em meio levedura manitol sacarose, a taxa de crescimento foi maior para as estirpes SEMIA 222, T107 e T154 do que a estirpe SEMIA 235. O tempo de geração da estirpe 222 foi mais baixo, seguido da T107 e T154, e maior para a estirpe 235. Em inoculante com veículo de turfa esterilizada, avaliado até seis meses de armazenamento, as estirpes 222 e T154 apresentaram boa sobrevivência, enquanto em inoculante com a mistura das estirpes, a T154 dominou a população. As duas estirpes apresentaram similar sobrevivência nas sementes tratadas por inoculação simples e por peletização.

Deute públic europeu : els Eurobons

En el següent Treball de Fi de Carrera, s’explicarà l’origen i les causes de la crisi de deute sobirà europeu. Observarem també la situació de cada un dels 17 països que composen la unió monetària i veurem possibles solucions a adoptar en el curt, mig i llarg termini. Un cop vistes les possibles solucions, ens centrarem amb els Eurobons, un instrument innovador, el qual s’està valorant la seva implantació a la zona euro. Analitzarem les seves característiques, si seria convenient i quines propostes s’han fet perquè s’implantin.

The activity of Crocidura russula (Insectivora, Soricidae) in the field and in captivity

Studied was the activity of the shrew Crocidura russula in the field (by radioactive tracking) and in laboratory (by continuous recording of nest temperature and by video). Under natural conditions, the total daily activity remained nearly constant throughout the year accounting for about 33 % of the total time. Activity was polyphasic and showed a daily rhythm; on an average, one activity phases occured every two hours and lasted 36 min. The activity periods of captive shrews were generally shorter, but always more frequent, and the total daily activity of captive shrews was much lower in winter. Two experiments carried out in the filed on shrews artificially fed, demonstrated that under natural conditions, foraging takes a major part of the winter activity. The activity patterns of Crocidura russula are compared with those of another European shrew, Sorex araneus.

Cis association of Ly49A with MHC class I restricts natural killer cell inhibition.

Natural killer (NK) cell function is negatively regulated by inhibitory receptors interacting with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules expressed on target cells. Here we show that the inhibitory Ly49A NK cell receptor not only binds to its H-2D(d) ligand expressed on potential target cells (in trans) but also is constitutively associated with H-2D(d) in cis (on the same cell). Cis association and trans interaction occur through the same binding site. Consequently, cis association restricts the number of Ly49A receptors available for binding of H-2D(d) on target cells and reduces NK cell inhibition through Ly49A. By lowering the threshold at which NK cell activation exceeds NK cell inhibition, cis interaction allows optimal discrimination of normal and abnormal host cells.

Long-term sequelae in children surviving adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Nine children surviving severe adult respiratory distress syndrome were studied 0.9 to 4.2 years after the acute illness. They had received artificial ventilation for a mean of 9.4 days, with an Fio2 greater than 0.5 during a mean time of 34 hours and maximal positive end expiratory pressure levels in the range of 8 to 20 cm H2O. Three children had recurrent respiratory symptoms (moderate exertional dyspnea and cough), and two had evidence of fibrosis on chest radiographs. All patients had abnormal lung function; the most prominent findings were ventilation inequalities, as judged by real-time moment ratio analysis of multibreath nitrogen washout curves (abnormal in eight of nine patients) and hypoxemia (seven of nine). Lung volumes were less abnormal; one patient had restrictive and two had obstructive disease. A significant correlation between intensive care measures (Fio2 greater than 0.5 in hours and peak inspiratory plateau pressure) and lung function abnormalities (moment ratio analysis and hypoxemia) was found. A possibly increased susceptibility of the pediatric age group to the primary insult or respiratory therapy of adult respiratory distress syndrome is suggested.

Evaluación poblacional de Gari solida (Gray, 1828) en bahía Independencia-Pisco, junio 2010

En junio 2010, se efectuó la evaluación poblacional de almeja Gari solida en los principales bancos naturales de bahía Independencia: El Ancla, Pan de Azúcar y La Pampa para determinar su distribución, concentración, estructura por tamaños y magnitud poblacional. Los resultados evidenciaron una disminución de la biomasa y población, respecto a agosto del 2008, en 44,9% y 56,2%, respectivamente. La densidad por unidad de muestreo fluctuó entre 1 y 47 ind.m-2, las mayores densidades medias se encontraron en Pan de Azúcar (5,06 ind.m-2), La Pampa (2,42 ind.m-2) y menor densidad en El Ancla (0,57 ind.m-2). La biomasa total se calculó en 336,96 t (± 19,9%) y la población en 8,48 millones de individuos (± 19,85%), el 22,1% de la biomasa correspondió a ejemplares con tamaño mínimo de extracción (TME ≥75 mm). Las tallas de 792 ejemplares analizados fluctuaron entre 4 y 95 mm de longitud valvar, con moda en 65 mm y media en 57,5 mm. El rendimiento promedio del pie con respecto al peso total fue de 1: 9,5.

Lettres de Nicolas COLBERT. — Mélanges historiques.

Contient : Onze lettres adressées à Baluze par Nicolas Colbert, évêque de Luçon et d'Auxerre (16 mars 1667-30 avril 1675) ; Deux lettres de Philippe IV, roi d'Espagne, à Louis XIV (3 novembre 1661) ; « Traduction de ce que M. le marquis de Fuentes doit dire au Roi. » ; Liste des couvents de Paris avant et après 1600 ; « Pour rendre compte à Monseigneur du discours latin adressé au pape, » sur les propositions du clergé de France ; « Articles pour la pacification des troubles du Berry » (23-24 octobre 1650) ; Délibérations des assemblées tenues par l'archevêque de Paris, à la suite du projet d'établissement de Monts-de-Piété en France (27 juin 1630) ; Extraits et collations de quelques pièces d'Avitus ; « Catalogue des auteurs contemporains qui ont escrit l'histoire des rois de France depuis le roy Robert jusqu'à présent » (1685), de la main de Baluze ; Pronostics tirés de la comète de 1578, en italien ; « Tractatus de votis » par [Jules-César ?] Boulanger ; Liste des traités de paix et d'alliance concernant les rois de France ; Epitaphes de Henri et Charles de Schomberg ; Fragment de poème latin sur la quatrième croisade ; Mémoire sur la succession de Philippe IV, roi d'Espagne (incomplet de la fin) ; Fragment de chronique des événements parisiens de la première partie de l'année 1597 ; Lettre de M. de Thou au comte de Brienne (12 septembre 1661) ; « Discours au Roi » (la suite est au f. 144) ; « Harangue de M. le Cardinal, par lui prononcée en Parlement le 18 janvier 1634. » ; « Récit véritable de ce qui s'est passé à Paris depuis le 24e avril 1617. » ; Pièces concernant divers négociants de Lyon et la Compagnie des Indes (1666) ; Lettre de M. de Briel à « M. le comte de Tremese », capitaine des gardes (21 septembre 1635) ; Liste de surintendants, contrôleurs généraux, etc., tirée des comptes de l'Epargne (1608-1635) ; Notes sur l'histoire des Juifs à Paris ; Notes sur les séjours des princes et des rois à Nesle ; « Extrait d'une lettre du patriarche d'Ethiopie, religieux de la Compagnie de Jesus » (14 décembre 1637) ; deux copies ; Extrait d'une lettre de la prieure de Loudun à un Père Jésuite (19 novembre 1638) ; Corrections pour le recueil des Conciles ; Notes, de la main de Baluze, sur les écrits de divers Pères de l'Eglise ; Notes sur diverses affaires ecclésiastiques ; « Il Badoaro di Francesco Patritio » (1558) ; Lettre, en latin, de Jean Maury à Colbert ; « Narratio rei nuper gestae in Parnasso, » en vers latins, adressée à Perrault ; Responsio cur Mecaenas litteratorum laudari abnuat », en vers latins, adressée à Quinault ; Lettre de P. Danès, évêque de Lavaur, à son neveu George Danès (18 avril 1566) ; Lettre de l'abbé Gamurrini, sans adresse (22 janvier 1680) ; Lettre de [Samuel] Sorbière [à Baluze] (2 juillet 1662) ; Samuelis Sorberii ad Stephanum Baluzium allocutio in funere... Petri de Marca ; imprimé de 4 pages ; Lettre de M. Lefranc à Baluze (Montauban), (27 février 1667) ; Lettre de [Henri] d'Aguesseau au même (Limoges, 6 avril 1668) ; Deux lettres de M. Devaubourg à Baluze (5 et 29 décembre 1638)