"Meditatiunculae Guidi Ubaldi ex pmarchionibus Montis Sanctae Mari de rebus mathematicis".

Saisi en 1798 dans la bibliothèque de la famille Albani à Rome; cf. B.n.F., département des Manuscrits, Archives Modernes 520; Laffitte, Bulletin du Bibliophile, 1989/2, 309.

p53 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression are directly associated with cyclin D1 expression in radical prostatectomy specimens of patients with hormone-naïve prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a potentially curable disease when diagnosed in early stages and subsequently treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). However, a significant proportion of patients tend to relapse early, with the emergence of biochemical failure (BF) as an established precursor of progression to metastatic disease. Several candidate molecular markers have been studied in an effort to enhance the accuracy of existing predictive tools regarding the risk of BF after RP. We studied the immunohistochemical expression of p53, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cyclin D1 in a cohort of 70 patients that underwent RP for early stage, hormone naïve PCa, with the aim of prospectively identifying any possible interrelations as well as correlations with known prognostic parameters such as Gleason score, pathological stage and time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse. We observed a significant (p = 0.003) prognostic role of p53, with high protein expression correlating with shorter time to BF (TTBF) in univariate analysis. Both p53 and COX-2 expression were directly associated with cyclin D1 expression (p = 0.055 and p = 0.050 respectively). High p53 expression was also found to be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.023). Based on previous data and results provided by this study, p53 expression exerts an independent negative prognostic role in localized prostate cancer and could therefore be evaluated as a useful new molecular marker to be added in the set of known prognostic indicators of the disease. With respect to COX-2 and cyclin D1, further studies are required to elucidate their role in early prediction of PCa relapse after RP.

Business Sphere, Vol. 21, no.4

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Exposition coloniale internationale de Paris. Commissariat général

Comprend : Afrique équatoriale française ; Afrique occidentale française / par Robert Delavignette ; bois gravés de Germaine Bernard ; Indochine / ouvrage publié sous la direction de M. Sylvain Lévi ; Ile de la Réunion, Côte française des Somalis, Établissements français de l'Inde ; Établissements français du Pacifique austral. Nouvelle Calédonie et dépendances. Nouvelles Hébrides, îles Wallis et Futuna. Établissements français de l'Océanie ; Guadeloupe, Guyane, Martinique, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon ; Madagascar et dépendances / par M. Delelée-Desloges ; illustrations de M. Le Scouezec ; Territoires africains sous mandat de la France. Cameroun et Togo / Victor Chazelas ; Suzanne Truitard

Exposition coloniale internationale de Paris. Commissariat général

Comprend : Afrique équatoriale française ; Afrique occidentale française / par Robert Delavignette ; bois gravés de Germaine Bernard ; Indochine / ouvrage publié sous la direction de M. Sylvain Lévi ; Ile de la Réunion, Côte française des Somalis, Établissements français de l'Inde ; Établissements français du Pacifique austral. Nouvelle Calédonie et dépendances. Nouvelles Hébrides, îles Wallis et Futuna. Établissements français de l'Océanie ; Guadeloupe, Guyane, Martinique, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon ; Madagascar et dépendances / par M. Delelée-Desloges ; illustrations de M. Le Scouezec ; Territoires africains sous mandat de la France. Cameroun et Togo / Victor Chazelas ; Suzanne Truitard

Adsorção de selênio em latossolos

A retenção de Se pelos colóides do solo constitui importante processo para a manutenção da sanidade ambiental. A informação sobre a adsorção de Se em solos altamente intemperizados é restrita e existem poucos padrões quantitativos disponíveis para a definição de estratégias de remediação de áreas contaminadas. Quantidades crescentes de Se (5, 10, 25, 50, 100 e 250 mg L-1), na forma de Na2SeO3, foram adicionadas a amostras de dez Latossolos brasileiros [três Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos (LVA-1, LVA-2 e LVA-3), dois Latossolos Vermelhos (LV-1 e LV-2), um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef), um Latossolo Vermelho acriférrico (LVwf), dois Latossolos Amarelos (LA-1 e LA-2) e um Latossolo Amarelo acriférrico (LAwf)]. Isotermas de adsorção foram construídas e foi verificado o ajuste dos resultados experimentais aos modelos de Langmuir e de Freundlich. A equação de Langmuir ajustou melhor os resultados de adsorção de Se do que a isoterma de Freundlich. Todas as isotermas apresentaram o formato tipo-L (exponencial), com exceção daquelas obtidas para o LVA-1 e para o LVA-2, que apresentaram comportamento tipo-C (linear). Valores de adsorção máxima (Ads máx), estimada pelo modelo de Langmuir, variaram de 135 (LVA-3) a 2.245 mg kg-1 (LA-1), enquanto os coeficientes de afinidade (K L) estiveram entre 0,002 (LVA-2) e 0,326 (LVA-3). A constante de afinidade estimada pelo modelo de Freundlich (Kf) variou de 13,7 (LVA-2) a 180,1 (LAwf). A adsorção máxima de Se foi mais elevada no LVef e nos Latossolos ácricos (LAwf e LVwf), enquanto os maiores valores de Kf foram encontrados no LV-2, LVef, LVA-3 e LVwf. Não houve correlação entre os atributos dos solos e as constantes de Langmuir. Valores de Kf correlacionaram-se com os teores de argila (r = 0,42*) e com a capacidade de troca de ânions (r = 0,64*).

In vitro-binding of the natural siderophore enantiomers pyochelin and enantiopyochelin to their AraC-type regulators PchR in Pseudomonas.

The enantiomeric siderophores pyochelin and enantiopyochelin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas protegens promote growth under iron limitation and activate transcription of their biosynthesis and uptake genes via the AraC-type regulator PchR. Here we investigated siderophore binding to PchR in vitro using fluorescence spectroscopy. A fusion of the N-terminal domain of P. aeruginosa PchR with maltose binding protein (MBP-PchR'PAO) bound iron-loaded (ferri-) pyochelin with an affinity (Kd) of 41 ± 5 μM. By contrast, no binding occurred with ferri-enantiopyochelin. Stereospecificity of a similar fusion protein of the P. protegens PchR (MBP-PchR'CHA0) was less pronounced. The Kd's of MBP-PchR'CHA0 for ferri-enantiopyochelin and ferri-pyochelin were 24 ± 5 and 40 ± 7 μM, respectively. None of the proteins interacted with the iron-free siderophore enantiomers, suggesting that transcriptional activation by PchR occurs only when the respective siderophore actively procures iron to the cell.

The wound watch: an objective staging system for wounds in the diabetic (db/db) mouse model.

As in cancer biology, in wound healing there is a need for objective staging systems to decide for the best treatment and predictors of outcome. We developed in the diabetic (db/db) wound healing model, a staging system, the "wound watch," based on the quantification of angiogenesis and cell proliferation in open wounds. In chronic wounds, there is often a lack of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis that leads to impaired healing. The wound watch addresses this by quantifying the proliferative phase of wound healing in two dimensions (cellular division and angiogenesis). The results are plotted in a two-dimensional graph to monitor the course of healing and compare the response to different treatments.

Marcha de absorção de macronutrientes na cultura do girassol

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer curvas de acúmulo de macronutrientes na cultura do girassol. Para isso, foi instalado um experimento em campo sobre Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura muito argilosa, localizado na fazenda experimental da Embrapa Soja, em Londrina/PR. As parcelas foram constituídas de 14 linhas com 25 m de comprimento cada e espaçamento entrelinhas de 0,70 m, resultando em área total de 245 m². Cada parcela foi repetida quatro vezes. A adubação de semeadura foi de 300 kg ha-1 da fórmula 5-20-20, aplicada a lanço, antes do plantio. A adubação de cobertura foi parcelada em duas aplicações: 25 e 1 kg ha-1 de N e B, respectivamente, sendo a primeira aos 21 e a segunda aos 35 dias após a semeadura. O híbrido utilizado foi o BRS-191, e a densidade final de plantas foi de 40.000 plantas ha-1. Amostras de plantas foram coletadas em intervalos de 14 dias após a emergência e separadas em pecíolos, folhas, caules e, quando existentes, em capítulo e em aquênios. Após secagem, cada parte da planta foi pesada e moída para, em seguida, determinarem-se os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S. A partir desses nutrientes e da matéria seca de cada parte da planta, foram obtidas as curvas de acúmulo. Verificou-se que, para obtenção de produtividades superiores a 3.000 kg ha-1, o híbrido BRS 191 extrai aproximadamente 150, 24, 286, 116, 42 e 24 kg ha-1 de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, respectivamente, resultando na seguinte ordem de extração: K > N > Ca > Mg > P = S. Em relação à exportação, a ordem dos nutrientes foi a seguinte: N > P = K > Mg = S > Ca. Portanto, atenção especial deve ser dada à manutenção da adequada disponibilidade de N, K e Ca, devido à alta demanda da cultura por esses nutrientes.

What energy level is required to avoid nutrient depletion after surgery in oropharyngeal cancer?

The rate of energy expenditure was repeatedly measured by indirect calorimetry both in the basal state (BMR) and in the resting fed state (RMR) in 8 middle-aged male patients operated for oropharyngeal cancer. In the postsurgical phase, two sequential energy levels were administered by nasogastric tube: (1) a 'maintenance' level (days 3-5) at 1.4 X measured presurgery BMR; (2) a 'supramaintenance' level (days 6-9) at 1.7 X measured BMR on day 6. Before surgery the patients had a BMR averaging (23.7 +/- 1.0 kcal/kg.day). After surgery BMR increased to 27.6 +/- 2.7 kcal/kg.day (day 6), then it decreased to 24.4 +/- 1.4 kcal/kg.day (day 10). The difference between RMR and BMR yielded a nutrient-induced thermogenesis averaging 5 +/- 1 and 8.5 +/- 2% (p less than 0.05) on levels 1 and 2, respectively. It is concluded that an energy level corresponding to 1.4 X presurgery BMR is sufficient to maintain energy and substrate equilibrium in nondepleted patients, whereas 1.7 X BMR induces positive protein and fat balances concomitant to a decrease efficiency of energy utilization.

Dose de nitrogênio associada à produtividade de batata e índices do estado de nitrogênio na folha

O nitrogênio é um dos elementos de grande impacto na produtividade da batata, e seu efeito nas plantas pode ser avaliado por meio de técnicas de diagnóstico do estado nutricional. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a dose ótima econômica de N para a produção de tubérculos e estimar o nível crítico de índices do estado de N na folha de duas cultivares de batata. O experimento foi conduzido de maio a agosto de 2008, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, sendo quatro doses de N (0, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1 de N, aplicadas em pré-plantio como ureia) e duas cultivares de batata (Ágata e Asterix), com quatro repetições. Aos 21 dias após a emergência foram determinadas a leitura SPAD e os teores de N e de clorofila na quarta folha a partir do ápice (QF). A produtividade de tubérculos comerciais aumentou até 45.065 e 46.500 kg ha-1 com o aumento da dose de N até 297 e 250 kg ha-1 para Ágata e Asterix, respectivamente. Para essas cultivares, a dose para obtenção da máxima eficiência econômica foi de 290 e 245 kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente. Nas duas cultivares, houve efeito positivo de doses de N sobre o índice SPAD e teores de N e de clorofila na QF. Os valores críticos foram de 40,5 e 43,7 para o índice SPAD, de 66,7 e 75,2 g kg-1 para o teor foliar de N e de 6,13 e 6,96 mg g-1 para o teor de clorofila total na matéria fresca das folhas, respectivamente, para Ágata e Asterix. Os valores da leitura do índice SPAD correlacionaram-se com os valores de clorofila total extraível na quarta folha e com a produção de tubérculos de batata, indicando a possibilidade de medir o valor SPAD aos 21 DAE para prognosticar a produtividade de tubérculos de batata.

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) and Inflammatory Markers in Elderly Patients

Introduction: Particularly in elderly patients, the brain responds to a systemic inflammatory response with an increased production of inflammatory mediators. This has hypothetically been linked to the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Methods: We investigated 31 patients aged >65 yrs undergoing elective major surgery under standardized general anaesthesia (thiopental, sevoflurane, fentanyl, atracurium). Cognitive function was measured preoperatively and 7 days postoperatively using the extended version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease - Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (CERAD-NAB, validated German version) for which we developed a diagnostic cut-off in healthy elderly volunteers. Systemic C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured preoperatively, 2 days postoperatively, and 7 days postoperatively. Values for CRP, IL-6, operative characteristics and hospital length of stay in patients with POCD and without POCD were compared using the Mann- Whitney U test and are shown as median [range]. Results: Fourteen patients (45%) developed POCD. Values for CRP were not statistically different in patients with POCD and without POCD but tended to be higher in patients with POCD 2 days postoperatively. Patients with POCD had significantly higher IL-6 values on postoperative days 2 and 7 (table 1). These patients also had a significantly longer duration of anaesthesia (305 [195-620] vs.190 [150-560] min, p = 0.034), larger intraoperative blood loss (425 [0-1600] vs. 100 [0-1500] ml, p = 0.018) and longer hospital stays (15 [8-45] vs. 8 [4-40] days, p = 0.008). Table 1 POCD (n = 14) No POCD (n = 17) p value CRP (mg/dl) preop. 4.0 [1.0-245] 4.2 [0.3-36.2] 0.6 2 days postop. 223 [20-318] 98 [4.5-384] 0.07 7 days postop. 58 [15-147] 44 [11-148] 0.2 IL-6 (U/ml) preop. 2[2-28.1] 2 [2-7.3] 0.8 2 days postop. 56 [17-315] 20 [2-123] 0.009 7 days postop. 9[2-77] 4 [2-16] 0.03 Interpretation: In this small group of patients, high IL-6 values postoperatively were associated with POCD supporting a role for systemic inflammation in the development of POCD. In patients with POCD, duration of anaesthesia was significantly longer, and intraoperative blood losses were larger. These risk factors will need to be confirmed in a larger group of patients. The difference in length of stay may be indicative of postoperative complications, which have been linked to POCD earlier.