(η~5-C_5H_5)_2Yb(THF)_2的新合成方法及其晶体结构

双(环戊二烯基)镱(Ⅱ)四氢呋喃配合物(η~5-C_5H_5)_2Yb(THF)_2通过环辛二烯基钾(KC_8H_(11))还原(C_5H_5)_2YbCl·THF而得到,经元素分析、红外光谱表征,并测定了其晶体结构。配合物属单斜晶系,C2/c空间群,晶体学参数a=1.3564(4),b=0.9569(3),c=1.4747(6)nm;β=109.90(3)°;V=1.79975(118)nm~3;D_c=1.65·cm~(-3);μ_C=54.7cm~(-1)(Mo);F(000)=880,Z=4。最后一致性因子R=0.079,R_w=0.081。Yb~(2+)的配位数为8。

THE IMPEDANCE STUDY OF MODIFIED PEO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE

The ultra-thin modified PEO (polyethylene oxide)-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte film (50-mu-m) was obtained by solution-casting technique. Impedance spectra were taken on the cells consisting of above PEO film electrolyte and ion-blocking or nonblocking electrodes. The ambient conductivity as high as 1.33 X 10(-4)S cm-1 could be achieved for PEO electrolyte modified by the crosslinking. It was shown that the resistance at the interface between solid polymer electrolyte and lithium electrode is growing with increasing the storage time. At high temperature, as 96-degrees-C, the ionic transport is clearly controlled by diffusion.

THE CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION AND THE ELECTRIC-FIELD GRADIENT IN THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR TLBA2CAN-1CUNO2N+3 (N = 1 TO 3)

The net charges at atoms in the high-temperature superconductor TlBa2Can-1CunO2n+3 (n = 1 to 3) are calculated by means of the tight-binding approximation based on the EHMO method. The results indicate that the charge distribution in this kind of compounds possesses a specially layered arrangement. An insulating Ba-Ba layer is inserted between the Cu-O layer and the Tl-O layer. There may exist a weak coupling between the Cu-O layer and the Tl-O layer through the interaction of the same O(2) atom with both the Cu atom and the Tl atom. The existence of the Ca in the compounds can cause the valence fluctuation at the Cu atom. The calculated electric field gradients at atoms implies that the conducting electron or hole may move in the Cu-O layer, which is closest to the Tl-O layer, along the a-b plane.

FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS OF MYOGLOBIN AND HEMOGLOBIN AT TOLUIDINE BLUE CHEMICALLY MODIFIED ELECTRODE

Electrodeposition of the phenothiazine mediator titrant toluidine blue onto a glassy carbon substrate at an appropriate potential was used to construct a toluidine blue chemically modified electrode (CME) exhibiting electrocatalytic reduction for myoglobin and hemoglobin. The CME catalyzed the hemoprotein electroreduction at the reduction potential of the mediator molecule. When the CME as used as a detector for flow injection analysis at a constant applied potential of -0.30 V vs. a saturated calomel electrode, it gave detection limits of 20 and 50 ng (1.2 and 0.78 pmol) injected myoglobin and hemoglobin, respectively, with a dynamic linear concentration range over 2 orders of magnitude. After a brief equilibration period, the CME retained nearly 90% of its initial myoglobin response over 8 hours of continuous exposure to the flow-through system.

SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY WITH CYLINDRICAL CARBON-FIBER MICROELECTRODES

Transmittance spectroelectrochemistry can be performed using a group of cylindrical microelectrodes. A dependence of absorbance on electrolytic charge during the potential step was derived. The rate constant of catalytic reaction of the ferrocyanide-ascorbic acid system was determined using single potential step-open circuit relaxation chronoabsorptometry. This is the first report that the reaction can still be considered as a pseudo-first-order reaction when the concentration of ascorbic acid is close to and even slightly lower than the concentration of ferrocyanide. The determined rate constant is in agreement with the reported value. The reason is that the diffusion of ascorbic acid toward electrode surface is contractive and the diffusion of the electrogenerated ferricyanide from the electrode surface to the bulk of solution is expansive.

Eu~(3+):LaOX(X=Cl,Br,I)晶体的角重迭晶场参数计算

本文运用角重迭模型(AOM)在考虑其全部四个参数e_σ、e_π、e_δ及e_φ的基础上首次对Eu~(3+):LaOX(X=Cl,Br,I)晶体在晶场作用下的能级劈裂进行了拟合.

Bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition of sponge spicules: Matrix of the giant spicules and of the comitalia of the deep sea hexactinellid Monorhaphis

The giant basal spicules of the siliceous sponges Monorhaphis chuni and Monorhaphis intermedia (Hexactinellida) represent the largest biosilica structures on earth (up to 3 m long). Here we describe the construction (lamellar organization) of these spicules and of the comitalia and highlight their organic matrix in order to understand their mechanical properties. The spicules display three distinct regions built of biosilica: (i) the outer lamellar zone (radius: >300 mu m), (ii) the bulky axial cylinder (radius: <75 mu m), and (iii) the central axial canal (diameter: <2 mu m) with its organic axial filament. The spicules are loosely covered with a collagen net which is regularly perforated by 7-10 mu m large holes; the net can be silicified. The silica layers forming the lamellar zone are approximate to 5 mu m thick; the central axial cylinder appears to be composed of almost solid silica which becomes porous after etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Dissolution of a complete spicule discloses its complex structure with distinct lamellae in the outer zone (lamellar coating) and a more resistant central part (axial barrel). Rapidly after the release of the organic coating from the lamellar zone the protein layers disintegrate to form irregular clumps/aggregates. In contrast, the proteinaceous axial barrel, hidden in the siliceous axial cylinder, is set up by rope-like filaments. Biochemical analysis revealed that the (dominant) molecule of the lamellar coating is a 27-kDa protein which displays catalytic, proteolytic activity. High resolution electron microscopic analysis showed that this protein is arranged within the lamellae and stabilizes these surfaces by palisade-like pillars. The mechanical behavior of the spicules was analyzed by a 3-point bending assay, coupled with scanning electron microscopy. The load-extension curve of the spicule shows a biphasic breakage/cracking pattern. The outer lamellar zone cracks in several distinct steps showing high resistance in concert with comparably low elasticity, while the axial cylinder breaks with high elasticity and lower stiffness. The complex bioorganic/inorganic hybrid composition and structure of the Monorhaphis spicules might provide the blueprint for the synthesis of bio-inspired material, with unusual mechanical properties (strength, stiffness) without losing the exceptional properties of optical transmission. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Molecular identification of 16 Porphyra lines using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) is a novel molecular marker technique designed to amplify open reading frames (ORFs). The SRAP analytic system was set up and applied to Porphyra germplasm identification in this study for the first time. Sixteen Porphyra lines were screened by SRAP technique with 30 primer combinations. In the analysis, 14 primer combinations produced stable and reproducible amplification patterns in three repetitive experiments. Among the total 533 amplified fragments, 522 (98%) were polymorphic, with an average of 38 fragments for each primer combination, ranging in size from 50 to 500 bp. The 533 fragments were visually scored one by one and then used to develop a dendrogram with Unweighted Pair-Group Method Arithmetic Average (UPGMA), and the 16 Porphyra lines were divided into two major groups at the 0.68 similarity level. From the total 533 fragments, I I amplified by two primer combinations, ME1/EM1 and ME4/EM6, were used to develop the DNA fingerprints of the 16 Porphyra lines. The DNA fingerprints were then converted into binary codes, with I and 0 representing presence and absence of the corresponding amplified fragment, respectively. In the DNA fingerprints, each of the 16 Porphyra lines has its unique binary code and can be easily distinguished from the others. This is the first report on the development of SRAP technique and its utilization in germplasm identification of seaweeds. The results demonstrated that SRAP is a simple, stable, polymorphic and reproducible molecular marker technique for the classification and identification of Porphyra lines. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

编码四种甲壳动物蜕皮抑制激素的部分cDNA的克隆和序列分析

本文分别提取了中国对虾、中华绒螯蟹、鹰爪虾和蓝对虾的眼柄总RNA。用无DNA污染的眼柄总RNA为模板，根据日本对虾的MIH设计兼并引物P1和P2，进行RT－PCR扩增，在适宜的反应条件下，均分别得到一特异性的产物。以蓝对虾基因组DNA为模板的PCR扩增也能得到一与特异性cDNA片段大小相似的特异性的DNA片段。分别将这些片段亚克隆到载体中进行测序，测得中国对虾特异性cDNA片段由203个碱基组成，中华绒螯蟹、鹰爪虾、蓝对虾的特异性cDNA片段及蓝对虾的特异性DNA片段由215个碱基组成，其中蓝对虾特异性cDNA与由蓝对虾的基因组DNA扩增得到的特异性DNA片段的碱基序列几乎完全相同。利用互联网上的在线工具Fasta3查找这些cDNA推定的氨基酸序列的相似序列，可以发现大量的甲壳动物的CHH家族的神经肽与它们相似。在所有的相似序列中，分别由中国对虾、中华绒螯蟹、鹰爪虾和蓝对虾的特异性cDNA片段推定的氨基酸序列与蜕皮抑制激素（MIH）的相似度最高，这一结果提示分别由中国对虾、中华绒螯蟹、鹰爪虾和蓝对虾的眼柄特异性cDNA片段推定的氨基酸序列可能是这四种甲壳动物的MIH片段。根据核苷酸数据和氨基酸数据，比较这四种甲壳动物的MIH以及已发表的六种MIH之间的相似度，同时分析这十种MIH的系统进化关系，结果是蓝对虾、鹰爪虾和中华绒螯蟹的MIH相似性较高，亲缘关系较近，这与物种的系统演化不相符。

中国海塔螺科系统分类学和动物地理学研究

塔螺科是软体动物门中种类最多的科，全世界种类超过5，000种，在分类系统学中占有相当重要的地位。塔螺为世界性分布，以热带、亚热带和温带海域分布最多。塔螺科动物肉体可食用，贝壳造型独特、色泽鲜丽，深受贝壳收藏爱好者喜爱。作为重要的捕食者和被捕食者，塔螺是底栖生物食物链的重要环节。 中科院海洋生物标本馆现馆藏大量的塔螺标本，但一直没有进行系统的分类学研究，仅有一些零星的报道，咫需进行深入研究。本论文主要采用传统的形态分类方法结合其生态习性和地理分布，对其进行系统的分类学研究,详细描述中国的属、种及分布，澄清近似种和疑难种，发现新种和新记录种，从而丰富了我国海洋生物多样性的资料。同时研究了该动物类群区系组成分析和动物地理学，阐明了我国塔螺科的区系特点，并确定其在世界上的地位。 经系统研究和鉴定，发现中国科学院海洋生物标本馆馆藏塔螺种类共203种，隶属于8亚科，54属，其中发现1新亚属，16新种，81新记录种。我国塔螺动物在区系组成上属印度－马来区系的一部分。中国海塔螺科区系组成中，以热带和亚热带成分占绝对优势，在这两个区系中共发现分布种类160种，占总种数的79.8％。中国海塔螺科物种组成与日本南部和菲律宾塔螺的物种组成有些差异，本文描述的203种笔螺与日本共有种为93种，与菲律宾共有种为63种，相似性指数分别为41.99％和41.86％。塔螺科种大多属热带和亚热带种类，因此在中国常见于浙江、福建、广东、台湾、海南附近海域和西沙、南沙群岛。

趋磁细菌AMB-1培养条件优化及磁小体变化过程研究

趋磁细菌(Magnetotactic bacteria)的研究是国际微生物学研究热点之一。趋磁细菌体内含有纳米单磁畴的氧化铁/硫化铁(Fe3O4或Fe3S4)晶体，称为磁小体。由于趋磁细菌营养条件要求苛刻，在环境中需要微好氧条件，且营养类型属于化能自养，使得培养趋磁细菌时常遇到问题。 本研究首先通过正交试验优化趋磁细菌AMB-1菌株培养条件，在培养条件铁源为奎尼酸铁0.02 mmol/L，装瓶量75% ，pH值6.7，温度25 ℃时，AMB-1 OD600达到0.440(1.166×109 cells/ml)。同时运用磁收集传代法，使带有磁小体的AMB-1细胞比例占95％以上(Cmag值稳定在1.9-2.0)。 在AMB-1具有较好的生物量，同时又具有较好的含磁小体细胞比例后，研究磁小体的变化过程。通过透射电镜观察磁小体变化过程，发现培养24 h细菌体内已有较小晶体形成(平均27 nm，n=188)且沿长轴分布；48 h晶体长大(平均43 nm，n=203)且形成分段链沿长轴排列；72 h晶体进一步成熟(平均50 nm，n=191)仍以分段链沿长轴排列；随后细菌逐渐衰亡磁小体变小，168 h可见部分自溶细菌中仍有磁小体链(平均37 nm，n=186)；192 h细菌自溶磁小体链(平均33 nm，n=184)分散到环境中。 通过透射电镜在细胞水平上研究趋磁细菌细胞分裂时发现，磁小体在细菌分裂时采用两种分离方式：一种为磁小体分配到两个子细胞；另一种为磁小体只分配到一个子细胞。无磁小体的子细胞，在随后的生长过程又分为两种情况：一种为细胞逐渐产生磁小体，另一种为不再产生磁小体。这种现象的发现，解释了随着传代次数的增多，细菌磁性有所下降的原因(Cmag值降低)。 在对趋磁细菌磁小体合成机制的研究中，常使用基因敲除的办法获得缺陷型，并与野生型对比进行研究。但是，利用基因敲除获得缺陷型不仅操作繁琐并且所得缺陷型不稳定。本研究利用特殊的磁富集传代法，先将带有磁小体的菌体收集并连续传代，筛选获得了高磁菌株；利用这种方法，收集不含磁小体的菌体并连续传代，筛选获得了无磁菌株。 趋磁细菌磁小体在医疗、环保等领域具有广阔应用价值，但是目前由于趋磁细菌难以大规模培养，并且磁小体纯化存在成本高等原因，将磁小体真正实际应用尚有一段距离。通过研究磁小体在趋磁细菌中的变化过程发现，AMB-1菌株在培养192 h后自溶，并且磁小体随着细胞的破碎释放到环境中去。

中国对虾不同群体的遗传差异与抗病群体选育的研究

为更好地管理和开发中国对虾的遗传资源,建立完善的中国对虾优良(抗病)品种的选育计划,该文对中国对虾自然群体和养殖群体进行了遗传多样性评估,并对一个养殖群体进行了抗病性状的遗传育种试验.从CS<,201>筛选个体大、活力强的对虾进行育种试验.CS<,202>和CS<,203>分别为感染WSSV爆发性流行病后存活的第二代和第三代群体.设计口饲毒饵法对CS<,203>进行人工感染,以确定连续选育的中国对虾的抗病能力.利用AFLP(Amplifiedfragmentlengthpolymorphisms)技术分析连续3代群体CS<,201>、CS<,202>、CS<,203>的遗传多样性和遗传标记.RAPD和同工酶的调查结果表明,中国对虾种群的遗传多样性水平低,群体内和群体间的2种分子标记都表现较高的稳定性.群体间比较分析,KP的遗传多样性最高,YB次之,CS<,1>最低.在用同工酶分析的4个群体中,CS<,201>的多态位点比例和杂合度等指标高于其它3个群体.从群体的分化指标来看,中国对虾种群的各群体间有一定的遗传分化.

Trace metal concentrations in suspended particles, sediments and clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) from Jiaozhou Bay of China

Suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediments and clams were collected at three sites in Jiaozhou Bay to assess the magnitude of trace metal pollution in the area. Metal concentrations in SPM (Cu: 40.11-203; Zn: 118-447; Pb: 50.1-132; Cd: 0.55-4.39; Cr: 147.6-288; Mn: 762-1670 mu g/g), sediments (Cu: 17.64-34.26; Zn: 80.79-110; Pb: 24.57-49.59; Cd: 0.099-0.324; Cr: 41.6-88.1; Mn: 343-520 mu g/g) and bivalves (Cu: 6.41-19.76; Zn: 35.5-85.5; Pb: 0.31-1.01; Cd: 0.51-0.67; Mn: 27.45-67.6 mu g/g) are comparable to those reported for other moderately polluted world environments. SPM showed a less clear pattern. Metal concentrations in sediments displayed a clear geographical trend with values increasing with proximity to major urban centers. The clams (on dry weight) showed a complex pattern due to the variability introduced by age-related factors. Cd showed an apparent reverse industrial trend with higher concentrations in clams collected at distant stations. Zn, Pb and Mn showed no clear geographical pattern, whereas Cu increased in the clams collected in the most industrialized area. In addition, the bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were calculated. The result indicated that the studied Ruditapes philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay possessed different bioaccumulation capacities for Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and Mn, and Cd, Zn had a relatively high assimilation of those metals from sediment particles. A significant relationship with clam age was observed for Zn (positive) and Cu (negative) suggesting different physiological requirements for both metals with age. Trace metal concentrations measured in the tissue of the investigated clam were in the range considered safe by the WHO for human use.

Report on some species of Palaemonidae (Crustacea, Decapoda) from French Polynesia

Based on material collected from French Polynesia and deposited in the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, the present paper reports 31 palaemonid shrimp species, which belong to the Palaemoninae (two genera, three species) and to the Pontoniinae (12 genera, 28 species), including six new species. The new species are: Izucaris crosnieri n. sp., Periclimenes alexanderi n. sp., P. josephi n. sp., P platydactylus n. sp., P polynesiensis n. sp. and P vicinus n. sp. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the new species are provided. Besides the six new species, ten other species are recorded for the first time from French Polynesia: Exoclimenella maldivensis Duris & Bruce, 1995, Kemponia rapanui (Fransen, 1987) n. comb., Palaemonella crosnieri Bruce, 1978, P spinulata Yokoya, 1936, Periclimenaeus hecate (Nobili, 1904), P orbitocarinatus Fransen, 2006, Periclimenes aleator Bruce, 199 1, P paralcocki Li & Bruce, 2006, P uniunguiculatus Bruce, 1990, Pontonides loloata Bruce, 2005.