Soil water retention and s index after crop rotation and chiseling

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Desempenho mecânico de compósitos híbridos de fibras naturais e poliéster não saturado

With the objective to promote sustainable development, the fibres found in nature in abundance, which are biodegradable, of low cost in comparison to synthetic fibres are being used in the manufacture of composites. The mechanical behavior of the curauá and pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) composites in different proportions, 25% x 75% (P1), 50% x 50% (P2) e 75% x 25% (P3) were respectively studied, being initially treated with a 2% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. Mechanical analyses indicated that with respect to studies of traction, for the combination of P1 and P3, better results of 22.17 MPa and 16.98 MPa, were obtained respectively, which are higher than that of the combination P2. The results of the same pattern were obtained for analysis of bending resistance where P1 is 1.21% and P3 represents 0.96%. In the case of resistance to bending, best results were obtained for the combination P1 at 49.07 MPa. However, when Young's modulus values were calculated, the values were different to the pattern of the results of other tests, where the combination P2 with the value of 4.06 GPa is greater than the other combinations. This shows that the PALF had a greater influence in relation to curauá fibre. The analysis of the results generally shows that in combinations of two vegetable fibers of cellulosic origin, the fiber which shows higher percentage (75%) is the best option than to the composition of 50%/50%. In the meantime, according to the results obtained in this study, in the case where the application should withstand bending loads, the better composition would be 50%/50%

Seletividade e absorção radicular do sulfentrazone em clones de eucalipto

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a seletividade e a absorção do sulfentrazone em clones de eucalipto. O primeiro experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, no esquema fatorial 2 x 4, sendo duas doses do sulfentrazone (400 e 600 g ha-1) e quatro clones de eucalipto, híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla (FB1, FB2, FB3 e FB4). Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de intoxicação das plantas de eucalipto e, no final do estudo, determinou-se a massa seca da parte aérea dos clones. No segundo experimento, foram utilizados os mesmos clones, sendo estes acondicionados em tubos falcon com 50 mL da solução contendo o sulfentrazone na concentração de 129 mM. As plantas de eucalipto permaneceram por 24 horas com as raízes imersas na solução e, em seguida, foi realizada a extração da seiva do xilema das plantas por meio de uma câmara de pressão. A concentração de sulfentrazone na seiva das plantas foi determinada através de cromatografia líquida e espectrometria de massas. O clone FB3 apresentou menor acúmulo de massa seca em relação aos demais, o que pode estar diretamente associado aos altos níveis de intoxicação observados. O clone FB2, apesar de mostrar elevada intoxicação, não apresentou níveis tão elevados de redução de massa seca em relação à testemunha. No tocante às concentrações de sulfentrazone nas plantas, elas foram proporcionais ao acúmulo de massa seca, o que indica que as variações na seletividade dos clones de eucalipto podem estar relacionadas à absorção diferenciada do herbicida.

Produtividade da couve-flor em função da idade de transplantio das mudas e tamanhos de células na bandeja

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da chuva na eficácia do herbicida 2,4-D no controle de Myriophyllum aquaticum

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de controle de duas doses do herbicida 2,4-D pulverizado em plantas de M. aquaticum e submetido à simulação de chuva em diferentes períodos de tempo após sua aplicação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, disposto em um esquema fatorial 2 x 8 (duas doses de herbicida e oito intervalos de chuva). Utilizou-se o herbicida 2,4-D, na formulação comercial DMA 806, em duas doses: 670 e 1.340 g e.a. ha-1. A simulação de uma chuva de 15 mm, com duração de cinco minutos, foi realizada em oito intervalos de tempo após a pulverização do herbicida (0,25h, 0,5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h e sem chuva). Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de controle aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. As duas doses avaliadas do herbicida 2,4-D foram eficientes no controle das plantas de M. aquaticum, mesmo com ocorrência de chuva 15 minutos após sua aplicação.

Produção de mudas de abóbora com diferentes doses de nitrogênio e potássio

O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido, em São Manuel (SP). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de mudas de abóbora 'Menina Brasileira' em substrato à base de fibra de coco com diferentes doses de nitrogênio e potássio em fertirrigação. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com 16 tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 mg L-1 de N) na forma de nitrato de amônio e quatro doses de potássio (0, 70, 140 e 210 mg L-1 de K2O ) na forma de cloreto de potássio, em quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela. As características avaliadas foram: massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e raiz, altura e número de folhas. As doses de potássio não influenciaram as características avaliadas. Houve, porém, aumento linear para a maioria das características avaliadas com doses crescentes de nitrogênio, exceto para a massa seca da raiz.

Densidade de plantio e idade de colheita de quebra-pedra [Phyllanthus amarus (Schumach. & Thonning) genótipo Unicamp-CPQBA 14] na produtividade de filantina

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Electrochemical sensor for sulfite determination based on a nanostructured copper-salen film modified electrode

The electrochemical preparation described herein involved the electrocatalytic oxidation of sulfite on a platinum electrode modified with nanostructured copper salen (salen=N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)) polymer films. The complex was prepared and electropolymerized at a platinum electrode in a 0.1 mol L-1 solution of tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in acetonitrile by cyclic voltammetry between 0 and 1.4V vs. SCE. After cycling the modified electrode in a 0.50 mol L-1 KCI solution, the estimated surface concentration was found to be equal to 2.2 x 10(-9) Mol cm(-2). This is a typical behavior of an electrode surface immobilized with a redox couple that can usually be considered as a reversible single-electron reduction/oxidation of the copper(II)/copper(III) couple. The potential peaks of the modified electrode in the electrolyte solution (aqueous) containing the different anions increase with the decrease of the ionic radius, demonstrating that the counter-ions influence the voltammetric behavior of the sensor. The potential peak was found to be linearly dependent upon the ratio [ionic charge]/[ionic radius]. The oxidation of the sulfite anion was performed at the platinum electrode at +0.9V vs. SCE. However, a significant decrease in the overpotential (+0.45V) was obtained while using the sensor, which minimized the effect of oxidizable interferences. A plot of the anodic current vs. the sulfite concentration for chronoamperometry (potential fixed = +0.45V) at the sensor was linear in the 4.0 x 10(-6) to 6.9 x 10(-5) mol L-1 concentration range and the concentration limit was 1.2 x 10(-6) mol L-1. The reaction order with respect to sulfite was determined by the slope of the logarithm of the current vs. the logarithm of the sulfite concentration. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Técnicas de caracterização para investigar interações no nível molecular em filmes de Langmuir e Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

An electrochemical sensor for dipyrone determination based on nickel-salen film modified electrode

An amperometric dipyrone sensor based on a polymeric nickel-salen (salen = N,N'-ethylenebis(salicydeneiminato)) film coated platinum electrode was developed. The sensor was constructed by electropolymerization of nickel-salen complex at a platinum electrode in acetonitrile/tetrabuthylamonium perchlorate by cyclic voltammetry. After cycling the modified electrode in a 0.50 mol L-1 KCl solution, the estimated surface concentration was found to be equal to 1.29 x 10(-9) mol cm(-2). This is a typical behavior of an electrode surface immobilized with a redox couple that can usually be considered as a reversible single-electron reduction/oxidation of the nickel(II)/nickel(III) couple. A plot of the anodic current versus the dipyrone concentration for chronoamperometry (potential fixed = +0.50 V) at the sensor was linear in the 4.7 x 10(-6) to 1.1 x 10(-4) mol L-1 concentration range and the concentration limit was 1.2 x 10(-6) mol L-1. The proposed electrode is useful for the quality control and routine analysis of dipyrone in pharmaceutical formulations.

Synthesis, characterization and biological analysis of the complex [VO(Hdhp)(2)] (H(2)dhp=2,3-dihydroxypyridine)

A new vanadium (IV) complex with the monoanion of 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (H(2)dhp), or 3-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridone, was synthesized, characterized by physicochemical techniques and tested biologically. The EPR data for the [VO(Hdhp)(2)] complex in DMF are: g(x) = 1.9768, g(y) = 1.9768 and g(z) = 1.9390; A values (10(-4) cm(-1)): A(x), 59.4; A(y//), 59.4; A(z), 171.0. The vV=O band in the IR spectrum of the complex is at 986 cm(-1). The complex is paramagnetic, with mu(eff) = 1.65 BM (d(1), spin-only) at 25 degrees C. The irreversible oxidation process [V(V)/V(IV)] of the [VO(Hdhp)(2)] complex, as revealed in a cyclic voltammogram, occurs at 876 mV. The calculated molecular structure of [VO(Hdhp)(2)] shows the vanadium(IV) center in a distorted square pyramidal environment, with the oxo ligand in the apical position and the oxygen donor atoms of the Hdhp ligands in the basal positions. The ability of [VO(Hdhp)(2)] to mimic insulin, and its toxicity to hepato-biliary functions, were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and it was concluded that the length of treatment and the amount of [VO(Hdhp)(2)] administered were effective in reducing experimental diabetes.

Sobre a natureza dos processos físicos de aquecimento da atmosfera de estrelas do tipo solar

In the present work, we have studied the nature of the physical processes of the coronal heating, considering as basis significant samples of single and binary evolved stars, that have been achieved with the ROSAT satellite. In a total of 191 simple stars were studied, classified in the literature as giants with spectral type F, G and K. The results were compared with those obtained from 106 evolved stars of spectral type F, G and K, which belong to the spectroscopic binary systems. Accurate measurements on rotation and information about binarity were obtained from De Medeiros s catalog. We have analysed the behavior of the coronal activity in function of diverse stellar parameters. With the purpose to better clarify the profile of the stars evolution, the HR diagram was built for the two samples of stars, the single and the binary ones. The evolved traces added in the diagram were obtained from the Toulouse-Geneve code, Nascimento et al. (2000). The stars were segregated in this diagram not only in range of rotational speed but also in range of X-ray flux. Our analysis shows clearly that the single stars and the binary ones have coronal activity controlled by physical process independent on the rotation. Non magnetic processes seem to be strongly influencing the coronal heating. For the binary stars, we have also studied the behavior of the coronal emission as a function of orbital parameters, such as period and eccentricity, in which it was revealed the existence of a discontinuity in the emission of X-rays around an orbital period of 100 days. The study helped to conclude that circular orbits of the binary stars are presented as a necessary property for the existence of a higher level ofX-rays emission, suggesting that the effect of the gravitational tide has an important role in the coronal activity level. When applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS test ) for the Vsini and FX parameters to the samples of single and binary stars, we could evidence very relevant aspects for the understanding of the mechanisms inherent to the coronal activity. For the Vsini parameter, the differences between the single stars and the binary ones for rotation over 6.3 km/s were really remarkable. We believe, therefore, that the existence of gravitational tide is, at least, one of the factors that most contribute for this behavior. About the X-rays flux, the KS test showed that the behavior of the single and the binary stars, regarding the coronal activity, comes from the same origin

Dermatophytosis: association between ABO blood groups and reactivity to the trichophytin

Os autores investigaram a relação entre dermatofitose e grupo sanguíneo ABO através da tipagem sanguínea, identificação do dermatófito isolado e resposta imune celular específica de 40 indivíduos portadores desta micose. Verificaram que o fungo Trichophyton rubrum foi isolado em 54,5% dos pacientes, sendo mais frequente em indivíduos pertencentes ao grupo sanguíneo A. A resposta imune celular, avaliada através do antígeno tricofitina, foi positiva em 25% dos pacientes estudados; a presença de reações imediatas (30 min) foi verificada em 35%. A distribuição dos grupos sanguíneos entre pacientes com dermatofitose e grupo controle foi a seguinte: 47,5% x 36% grupo A, 40% x 50% grupo O, 12,5% x 11% grupo B. Embora os autores tenham encontrado um número maior de pacientes pertencentes ao grupo sanguíneo A e infectados pelo T. rubrum, não obtiveram evidência estatística de que esses indivíduos sejam mais suscetíveis as dermatofitoses.

Força muscular respiratória, qualidade de vida e modulação autonômica da frequência cardíaca na distrofia miotônica

Background: The myotonic dystrophy (MD) is a multisystem neuromuscular disease that can affect the respiratory muscles and heart function, and cause impairment in quality of life. Objectives: Investigate the changes in respiratory muscle strength, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and autonomic modulation heart rate (HR) in patients with MD. Methods: Twenty-three patients performed assessment of pulmonary function, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP), the maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory (MEP) pressure, and of HRQoL (SF-36 questionnaire). Of these patients, 17 underwent assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest, in the supine and seated positions. Results: The values of respiratory muscle strength were 64, 70 and 80% of predicted for MEP, MIP, and SNIP, respectively. Significant differences were found in the SF-36 domains of physical functioning (58.7 ± 31,4 vs. 84.5 ± 23, p<0.01) and physical problems (43.4 ± 35.2 vs. 81.2 ± 34, p<0.001) when patients were compared with the reference values. Single linear regression analysis demonstrated that MIP explains 29% of the variance in physical functioning, 18% of physical problems and 20% of vitality. The HRV showed that from supine position to seated, HF decreased (0.43 x 0.30), and LF (0.57 x 0.70) and the LF/HF ratio (1.28 x 2.22) increased (p< 0.05). Compared to healthy persons, LF was lower in both male patients (2.68 x 2.99) and women (2.31 x 2.79) (p< 0.05). LF / HF ratio and LF were higher in men (5.52 x 1.5 and 0.8 x 0.6, p <0.05) and AF in women (0.43 x 0.21) (p< 0.05). There was positive correlation between the time of diagnosis and LF / HF ratio (r = 0.7, p <0.01). Conclusions: The expiratory muscle strength was reduced. The HRQoL was more impaired on the physical aspects and partly influenced by changes in inspiratory muscle strength. The HRV showed that may be sympathetic dysfunction in autonomic modulation of HR, although with normal adjustment of autonomic modulation during the change of posture. The parasympathetic modulation is higher in female patients and sympathetic tends to increase in patients with longer diagnosis

Utilização de bagaço de caju desidratado e complexo enzimático na ração para codornas japonesas em postura

Given the significant share of food costs of poultry production, it is necessary to use strategies and techniques to maximize the utilization and biological value of the components of the diets, keeping constant or improving animal performance. In this context, seeking partial substitution of corn and the best use of the constituents of the diet, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion of cashew pomace dehydrated (BCD) and enzyme complex (EC) in the diet on performance and quality eggs of Japanese quails. A total of 200 Japanese quail at 87 days of age, in 25 cages in a completely randomized design in a factorial 2 x 2 + 1 (two levels of cashew bagasse x two levels of enzymes) + control diet without cashew bagasse totaling five treatments with five replicates of eight birds each repetition. The experiment lasted 84 days, divided into four periods of 21 days. The treatments consisted of T1-Ration Control, T2-ration with 7.5% without EC BCD, T3-ration with 7.5% BCD with CE, T4-Ration with 15% BCD without EC and T5-Feed with 15% of BCD with EC. The enzyme complex (EC) is used fermentation product of Aspergillus niger, and cashew bagasse was obtained from the juice industry, passed through drying and crushing process for producing the bran. The performance and egg quality of quails, and performance variables: feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs (CAKDZ) and egg mass (CAMO), egg production (OP% bird / day), average egg weight (PMO) and egg mass (MO), and variables were egg quality, specific gravity (SG), Haugh unit (HU), yolk index, and the relationships between components eggs (%albumen,% yolk and %shell). Data were analyzed with the Statistical SAEG (2007). The 7.5 and 15% of cashew bagasse, independent of the enzyme complex decreased feed intake and improved the average egg weight. The two levels with the addition of EC showed significant differences for feed conversion by egg mass. The 7.5 with the addition of enzyme complex obtained the lowest average feed conversion per dozen eggs. The inclusion of up to 15% of cashew bagasse dehydrated with or without addition of enzyme complex in the diet of Japanese quails not interfere in the internal and external quality of eggs. The 7.5 and 15% BCD without added enzyme complex gave better means for specific gravity. Under conditions in which the experiment was conducted, it can be stated that the inclusion of up to 15% of cashew bagasse dehydrated with added enzyme complex feeding quail is economically viable, with the level of 7.5% with the addition of complex enzyme presented the best economic indices