945 resultados para settlements


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This paper presents results of settlements measurement and analysis of column building, which are in construction in the city of Bauru - SP, using optical level. The foundation of the columns is in drilled caissons. The local soil is a fine clayey sand, and the phreatic water level is deep. When the latest measurement were performed it was assumed that 75% of the final load were acting in the column. The paper presents local soil parameters, dimension of foundation, total and differential settlements which were measured.

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This article intends to provide a typology of the families that are settled in the region of Andradina (Sao Paulo state), according to the main production and commercialization systems and to the presence (or not) of agricultural income diversification. The empiric data used to form the groups originate from socioeconomic questionnaires that had been applied to 169 families of eight rural settlements and also from 80 interviews. The groups were compared with each other, starting from the family's profile; patrimony; credit and technical support; self-consumption production; and the lot's external income. The strategy to increase the production and the productivity (dairy cattle) is limited to less than a quarter of the producers, however different strategies had been used by families, such as the diversification of the agricultural income and the direct sale to the consumer or to the retail trade. The association of the production diversification with the use, in a regular way, of differentiated channels of commercialization demonstrated a strategy capable to approximate the indicators of this type of producer comparing with those that focused on increasing the production and the productivity. This verification is important because, even though there is no necessary contradiction among both strategies, a part of the families does not have resources, infrastructure and/or technical qualification to follow the way of the productive intensification and others do not have this project as a priority.

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Includes bibliography

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Includes bibliography

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Includes bibliography

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Municipal Plans of Risk Reducing (PMRR's) were produced in settlements in the municipalities of Itapecerica da Serra (SP) and Suzano (SP), covering areas at risk of landslides and washouts of banks of streams. The development of PMRR's provided the delimitation of areas of risk, the indication of intervention works in order to eliminate and / or reduce risks, and consequently an indication of the areas and priority sectors for implementation of intervention works. The prioritization of areas and sectors that should receive the works of reducing or eliminating risk was performed by an expert involved in risk mapping. Despite the specialist's judgment exercise caution, the decision regarding the priority sites for implementation of alternative interventions is subjective. Since there is no way to eliminate this subjectivity, the use of decision-making techniques is important to evaluate whether the expert's reasoning is consistent. One of the first techniques developed for multiple criteria is the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). This paper describes the results of a research carried out in order to assess whether the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process contributes to the results of the indication of the areas and priority sectors for implementation of interventions can be considered more consistent than in situations where the priority occurs without the use of decision making techniques. Results were compared between the prioritization of interventions for implementation contained in PMRR's of Itapecerica da Serra and Suzano and those obtained from the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It was concluded that such techniques permits an evaluation of the expert's judgment is logically coherent, thus contributing to produce results more technically based.

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Includes bibliography

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)