985 resultados para rural employment


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We characterize market traders at two rural fairs in Puno, Peru, based on quantitative and qualitative data gathered in 2008, to gain insight into types of traders and the information needs that influence the degree to which they use mobile phones to make decisions regarding which weekly fairs to attend. Using variables such as origin, type of goods sold, means of transportation to the market, and reliance on networks, we identify traders as full-time traders, part-time traders, or subsistence traders, that is, people trading solely to survive. We find that when traders are already familiar with the technology, regularly rely on endogenous networks to make decisions, and have more to lose from failing to trade (e.g., those selling perishable goods), they are more likely to use mobile phones to decide where to sell.

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L’estudi dels materials ceràmics trobats als jaciments romans del Cementeri (Alcanar) i la Torreta (Ulldecona) ens permet emmarcar-ho en l’àmbit comarcal i efectuar una aproximació al desenvolupament de la romanització a la comarca del Montsià i a les terres veïnes del Baix Maestrat.

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Suomen valtionhallinnon maaliskuussa 2005 julkaisemat tuloksellisuuden tavoitteet koskettavat kaikkia hallinnonaloja. Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön ohjeistamat Työvoima- ja elinkeinokeskusten maaseutuosastot ovat yksikköjä, joita vaikuttavuus- ja tuloksellisuustavoitteet velvoittavat. Tehokasta elintarviketuotantoa ja maatalouden kustannuskehityksen hallintaa voidaan tarkastella kiinteiden tuotannontekijöiden, kuten maatalousrakennusten ja investointituilla tuetun rakentamisen, vaikuttavuuden kautta. Työn tavoitteena oli tehostaa rakennusinvestointien käsittelyprosessia: kehittää sekä tehostamisen menetelmiä että työväline toiminnan ohjaukseen maa- ja metsätalousministeriölle. Ratkaisuja etsittiin teorian ja empirian pohjalta kehitettävien käsitteistöjen ja menetelmien avulla. Teoriaosuudessa haettiin kirjallisuudesta välineitä joilla prosesseja voitaisiin analysoida, mitata ja kehittää. Prosessimallinnukset, Italian vastaavan järjestelmän tutkimus ja Suomen rakennustoimelle tehty kysely muodostavat empiirisen aineiston, jonka perusteella lopulliset tehostamisen keinot ja konstruktiot kehitettiin. Tehostamisen menetelmäksi kehitettiinaluehallinnolle sovellettu suorituskyvyn mittausjärjestelmä, panosprisma. Tuloksellisuus, vaikuttavuus ja laatu riippuvat työn tuottamisen lähtökohdista. Prosessia voidaan tehostaa kiinnittämällä huomiota tulosohjaukseen, asiakirjojen saatavuuteen ja laatuun, neuvonnan oikea-aikaiseen ajoittuvuuteen ja riittävyyteen sekä tietojärjestelmien kehittämiseen. Näiden avulla voidaan saavuttaa käsittelyprosessin aika- ja kustannussäästöjä, tukivarojen käyttöön saaminen ja hyödynnettävyys paranevat ja tukipäätöksen tuottamisen asiakaspalveluprosessi tehostuu.

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En els darrers quinze anys hem pogut constatar un lent creixement del turisme en els espais naturals i en els espais culturals. Ara, els escenaris rurals, els paisatges de muntanya mitjana, els nuclis rurals, els museus etnogràfics o les petites esglésies romàniques s'integren en el catàleg de productes turístics contemporanis, juntament amb les colònies Industrials, alguns centres comercials, espais d'oci programats o centres de producció

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This paper analyses the effect of job accessibility by public and private transport on labour market outcomes in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Beyond employment, we consider the effect of job accessibility on job-education mismatch, which represents a relevant aspect of job quality. We adopt a recursive system of equations that models car availability, employment and mismatch. Public transport accessibility appears as an exogenous variable in the three equations. Even though it may reflect endogenous residential sorting, falsification proofs suggest that the estimated effect of public transport accessibility is not entirely driven by the endogenous nature of residential decisions.

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Sera obtained from 62 patients from four mountain counties in Catalonia (Northeastern Spain), in whom brucellosis had been diagnosed on the basis of clinical evidence and/or personal history, were analyzed using the rose Bengal test, standard serum agglutination test (SAT), Coombs" test, ELISA, and complement fixation. The diagnosis was further confirmed through blood cultures. Clinical evidence, epidemiology, and the results from serologic tests were used to assign patients to one of two groups: group 1 (n = 38) patients had primary infections, whereas group 2 (n = 24) patients had been previously exposed to the microorganism, i.e. re-infection of group 2 individuals occurred after long periods of time during which no active infection by Brucella had been detected. Receivingoperating charts (ROC) were used to determine the diagnostic value of the different tests and to establish discriminant values. Blood culture was a valuable diagnostic tool in group 1 (0.92 sensitivity) but was inappropriate in group 2 (0.08). The combination of positive rose Bengal test and agglutination ≥1/160 was valid for diagnosis in group 1. In group 2, agglutination < 1/160 (including negative agglutination) did not rule out brucellosis. The combination of positive rose Bengal test and Coombs" test ≥1/320 was the best diagnostic criterion (0.8 specificity; 1 sensitivity). ELISA (for IgG, IgM, or both) did not improve diagnostic accuracy

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Most corporate codes of conduct and multi-stakeholder sustainability standards guarantee workers' rights to freedom of association and collective bargaining, but many authors are sceptical about the concrete impact of codes and standards of this kind. In this paper we use Hancher and Moran's (1998) concept of 'regulatory space' to assess the potential of private transnational regulation to support the growth of trade union membership and collective bargaining relationships, drawing on some preliminary case study results from a project on the impact of the International Finance Corporation's (IFC) social conditionality on worker organization and social dialogue. One of the major effects of neoliberal economic and industrial policy has been the routine exclusion of workers' organizations from regulatory processes on the grounds that they introduce inappropriate 'political' motives into what ought to be technical decision-making processes. This, rather than any direct attack on their capacity to take action, is what seems best to explain the global decline in union influence (Cradden 2004; Howell 2007; Howe 2012). The evidence we present in the paper suggests that private labour regulation may under certain conditions contribute to a reversal of this tendency, re-establishing the legitimacy of workers' organizations within regulatory processes and by extension the legitimacy of their use of economic and social power. We argue that guarantees of freedom of association and bargaining rights within private regulation schemes are effective to the extent that they can be used by workers' organizations in support of a claim for access to the regulatory space within which the terms and conditions of the employment relationship are determined. Our case study evidence shows that certain trade unions in East Africa have indeed been able to use IFC and other private regulation schemes as levers to win recognition from employers and to establish collective bargaining relationships. Although they did not attempt to use formal procedures to make a claim for the enforcement of freedom of association rights on behalf of their members, the unions did use enterprises' adherence to private regulation schemes as a normative point of reference in argument and political exchange about worker representation. For these unions, the regulation was a useful addition to the range of arguments that they could deploy as means to justify their demand for recognition by employers. By contrast, the private regulation that helps workers' organizations to win access to regulatory processes does little to ensure that they are able to participate meaningfully, whether in terms of technical capacity or of their ability to mobilize social power as a counterweight to the economic power of employers. To the extent that our East African unions were able to make an impact on terms and conditions of employment via their participation in regulatory space it was solely on the basis of their own capacities and resources and the application of national labour law.

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Millora de les instal·lacions, en concret la instal·lació elèctrica i al de calefacció per tal de reduir els consums d'una residència rural. A més s'apliquen energies renovables mitjançant plaques fotovoltaiques, d'aquesta manera part de les línies elèctriques estan subministrades per energia neta. Les instal·lacions millorades han estat dissenyades per un arquitecte tècnic de la Universitat de Lleida i formen part d'un projecte per la ONG Lleida Solidària de Lleida.

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El present projecte de rehabilitació estudia l'edifici en qüestió per tal de donar-li una nova vida útil i usos adaptats a les necessitats actuals. En el projecte es fa un estudi de l'estat actual: evolució constructiva de l'edidici, dictamen de patologies, càlcul estructural; per a determinar la nova distribució i materials a emprar en la reforma.

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El tema tractat en aquest Projecte es el condicionament del camí rural situat al terme municipal de Pont de Montanyana (Osca). Aquest Projecte conté quatre documents. En primer lloc trobem la memòria amb els seus corresponents annexos on es defineixen les característiques bàsiques a tenir en compte per a realitzar el condicionament. A continuació, trobem els plànols necessaris per a dur a terme l’obra. El tercer document es el plec de condicions en el que s’estipulen les normes que s’han de tenir en compte per executar el Projecte. L’últim document que trobem es el pressupost, on hi ha el cost aproximat de l’obra

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El camí projectat es troba situat entre les poblacions de Bovera i Bellaguarda, ambdues es troben situades al sud de la comarca de les Garrigues. Són dos pobles on l’activitat econòmica principal és l’agricultura. És una zona amb un relleu abrupte el qual forma part de la deprecio de l’Ebre, la primera capa del substrat en gran part està formada per terra argilosa, llims i margues, hi ha algun aflorament rocós. La longitud del camí és de 9.664,9 m, un ferm de 5 m d’amplada; al llarg del traçat es supera un desnivell de 341 m.

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El tema d’aquest projecte és el condicionament del camí rural, situat al llarg del riu Cinca, al terme municipal de Massalcoreig (Lleida). Aquest projecte està format per quatre documents, classificats en dos volums. Al primer volum trobem el document número 1, format per la memòria amb els seus annexes on es defineixen les característiques bàsiques a tenir en compte per a realitzar el condicionament del camí, així com el desenvolupament de les activitats. Al segon volum, trobem la resta de documents. En primer lloc, trobem el segon document, els plànols necessaris per a dur a terme l’obra. A continuació, el tercer document és el plec de condicions en el que s’estipulen les normes que s’han de tenir en compte durant l’execució del projecte. Finalment, el quart document, és el pressupost, on hi ha el cost de l’obra.

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Pista rural de 10 +250 m per a ús ramader principalment, de 4 m d'amplada i fins a 7 m en les corbes més tancades. La pista transcorre pel vessant sud-oest de la Serra Ferrera, massís rocós situat en els Pirineus Aragonesos, terme municipal de la Fueva (Osca). Salva un desnivell de més de 800 m les terminacions de ferms són de tot-u i formigó.