Dynamic mechanical properties of gel polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid

The copolymer of acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) is synthesized in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMImBF(4)). The dynamic mechanical properties of the resulting gel polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid are measured.

Electroluminescence of hole block material caused by electron accumulation and hole penetration

In this study, we investigated the electroluminescence (EL) mechanisms and processes of hole block material in the multilayer devices with Eu(TTA)(3)phen (TTA = thenoyltrifluoroacetone, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) doped CBP (4,4'-N,N'-dicarbazolebiphenyl) as the light-emitting layer (EML). First, the hole block ability of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) was experimentally confirmed by comparing the EL spectra. With increasing hole injection, BCP emission emerges and increases gradually due to the increasing hole penetration from EML into the hole block layer (HBL).

[Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped silica nanoparticles within layer-by-layer biomolecular coatings and their application as a biocompatible electrochemiluminescent tag material

[Ru(bpy)(3)](2+)-doped silica (RuSi) nanoparticles were synthesized by using a water/oil microemulsion method. Stable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was obtained when the RuSi nanoparticles were immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode by using tripropylamine (TPA) as a coreactant. Furthermore, the ECL of the RuSi nanoparticles with layer-by-layer biomolecular coatings was investigated. Squential self-assembly of the polyelectrolytes and biomolecules on the RuSi nanoparticles gave nanocomposite suspensions, the ECL of which decreased on increasing the number of bilayers.

The first soluble conjugated poly(2,6-anthrylene): synthesis and properties

The first soluble conjugated poly(2,6-anthrylene) with 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene as the repeating unit is reported; photophysical studies reveal that this polymer represents a novel well-conjugated system.

Molecular weight dependence of phase Behavior of PEO/P(EO-b-DMS) blends: Application of Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory

Molecular weight dependence of phase separation behavior of the Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)/Poly(ethylene oxide-block-dimethylsiloxane) (P(EO-b-DMS)) blends was investigated by both experimental and theoretical methods. The cloud point curves of PEO/P(EO-b-DMS) blends were obtained by turbidity method. Based on Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory (SLLFT), the adjustable parameter, epsilon*(12)/k (quantifying the interaction energy between different components), was evaluated by fitting the experimental data in phase diagrams. To calculate the spinodals, binodals, and the volume changes of mixing for these blends, three modified combining rules of the scaling parameters for the block copolymer were introduced.

Synthesis and properties of sulfonated poly[bis(benzimidazobenzisoquinolinones)] as hydrolytically and thermooxidatively stable proton conducting ionomers

Novel sulfonated poly [bis(benzimidazobenzisoquinolinones)] as hydrolytically and thermooxidatively stable electrolyte for high -temperature fuel cell applications are reported. A series of sulfonated polymers (SPBIBI-x, x refers to molar percentage of sulfonated dianhydride monomer) were synthesized from 6,6'-disulfonic-4,4'-binaphthyl-1,1',8,8'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (SBTDA), 4,4-binaphthyl-1,1,8,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine. The chemical structures of those polymers as well as model compounds synthesized from SBTDA and o-phenylenediamine were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).

Synthesis of sulfonated poly(arylene-co-naphthalimide)s as novel polymers for proton exchange membranes

A series of novel sulfonated poly(arylene-co-binaphthalimide)s (SPPIs) were successfully synthesized via Ni(0) catalytic coupling of sodium 3-(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)benzenesulfonate and bis(chloronaphthalimide)s. Bis(chloronaphthalimide)s were conveniently prepared from 5-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride and various diamines. Tough and transparent SPPI membranes were prepared and the electrolyte properties of the copolymers were intensively investigated as were the effects of different diamine structures on the copolymer characterisitics. The copolymer membrane Ia-80, with an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 2.50 meq g(-1), displayed a higher proton conductivity, i.e. 0.135 S cm(-1) at 20 degrees C, as compared to Nafion 117 (0.09 S cm(-1), 20 degrees C).

Novel acid-base polyimides synthesized from binaphthalene dianhydrie and triphenylamine-containing diamine as proton exchange membranes

The synthesis and characterization of novel acid-base polyimide membranes for the use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is presented in this paper. The sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) bearing basic triphenylamine groups were easily synthesized using 4,4'-binaphthyl-1,1',8,8'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), sulfonated diamine of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether-2,2'-disulfonic acid (ODADS), and nonsulfonated diamines of 4,4'-diaminotriphenylamine (DATPA). The effects of the structure of the dianhydride and diamines on the properties of SPI membranes were evaluated through the study of membrane parameters including water sorption, proton conductivity, water stability, dimensional changes, and methanol permeability.

Film Morphology and Molecular Orientation in Oligothiophene-fluorene Films

The effects of processing conditions on film morphology and molecular orientation were studied for a novel conjugated fluorene-bithiophene oligomer, oligo(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-bithiophene) (OF8T2). Depending on the method of film preparation, OF8T2 molecules adopt different orientations in the films. X-ray diffraction peak at 4.9 degrees of the OF8T2 film deposited from petroleum ether/dichloromethane mixture is attributed to a layering distance between sheets of OF8T2 chains, which are separated by the octyl side chains. Preferred orientation is clearly inferred through the absence of peaks corresponding to pi-pi stacking.

Crystallization behavior of a thermoplastic polyimide derived from 3,3 ',4,4 '-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and 4,4 '-oxydianiline

Nonisothermal and isothermal crystallization kinetics of an aromatic thermoplastic polyimide derived from 3,3',4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride and 4,4'-oxydianiline have been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The results for nonisothermal crystallization study showed that a weak melting peak appeared during the first heating process, whereas no crystallization peak appeared in the DSC curve during the subsequent cooling process. On the other hand, the study for the isothermal crystallization in the temperature range of 260-330 degrees C showed that a new exothermic peak appeared at lower temperature for the samples crystallized for 100 min at 300 degrees C.

Synthesis, characterization, and electroluminescence of PPV copolymers containing electron and hole-transporting units

Three series of poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivatives containing hole-transporting triphenylamine derivatives [N-(4-octoxylphenyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-di(4-octyloxylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, and N,N'-di(4-octoxylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine] (donor) and electron-transporting oxadiazole unit (2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (acceptor) in the main chain were synthesized by improved Wittig copolymerization. The resulting donor-acceptor (D-A) polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents, such as chloroform, dichloroethane, THF, and toluene.

Studies on the stability of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids from the genus Aconitum L. by high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MSn)

The stability of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDA) from plants of the genus Aconitum L. has been studied in different solvents and pH buffers. The HPLC/ESIMS method for analysing the concentration of DDA was established and DDA's decomposition products were elucidated by HPLC/ESI-MS/MSn. In different solvents, e.g. dichloromethane, ether, methanol and distilled water, the decomposition pathways of DDA are quite different and their difference in stabilities depends on the difference of their structures, in which substituents at the N atom and substituents at C-3 are different. The pyrolytic products of DDA, such as deacetoxy aconitine-type alkaloids, have been observed in the above solvents, whereas 8-methoxy-14-benzoyl aconitine-type alkaloids have been obtained only in methanol.

The role of molybdenum oxide as anode interfacial modification in the improvement of efficiency and stability in organic light-emitting diodes

It has been experimentally found that molybdenum oxide (MoO3) as the interfacial modification layer on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) significantly improves the efficiency and lifetime. In this paper, the role of MoO3 and MoO3 doped N,N '-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N '-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) as the interface modification layer on ITO in improvement of the efficiency and stability of OLEDs is investigated in detail by atomic force microscopy (AFM), polarized optical microscopy, transmission spectra, ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS).

Efficient white organic light-emitting diodes using europium complex as the red unit

Efficient white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) using europium complex as the red unit are presented. The WOLEDs were fabricated by using the structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/N, N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N, N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB)/4,4-N, N-dicarbazolebiphenyl (CBP) : bis(2,4-diphenylquinolyl-N, C-2) iridium (acetylacetonate) ((PPQ)(2)Ir(acac)) : Eu (III) tris(thenoyltrifluoroacetone) 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Eu(TTA)(3)(Tmphen))/NPB/2-methyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (MADN) : p-bis (p-N, N-di-phenyl-aminostyryl)benzene (DSA-Ph)/9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3)/LiF/Al.

Al/WO3/Au as the interconnecting layer for efficient tandem white organic light-emitting diodes

White light emission from tandem organic light-emitting diodes consisting of blue and red light units separated by a transparent interconnecting layer of Al/WO3/Au has been realized. The devices have a structure of indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/molybdenum oxide (MoO3) (8 nm)/N, N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N, N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB)(100 nm)/p-bis(p-N, N-diphenyl-aminostyryl) benzene) (DSA-ph): 2-methyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl) anthracene (MADN)(40 nm)/tris(8-hydroxylquinoline) aluminium (Alq(3)) (10 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(2 nm)/WO3(3 nm)/Au(16 nm)/MoO3(5 nm)/NPB(60 nm)/Alq(3): 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran (DCJTB)(30 nm)/Alq3(30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(150 nm).