School children’s personal exposure to ultrafine particles in urban environments

This work was motivated by the limited knowledge on personal exposure to ultrafine (UF) particles, and it quantifies school children’s personal exposure to UF particles, in terms of number, using Philips Aerasense Nano Tracers (NTs). This study is being conducted in conjunction with the “Ultrafine Particles from Traffic Emissions and Children’s Health (UPTECH)” project, which aims to determine the relationship between exposure to traffic related UF particles and children’s health (http://www.ilaqh.qut.edu.au/Misc/UPTECH%20 Home.htm). To achieve this, air quality and some health data are being collected at 25 schools within the Brisbane Metropolitan Area in Australia over two years. The school children’s personal exposure to UF particles in the first 17 schools are presented here. These schools were tested between Oct 2010 and Dec 2011. Data collection is expected to be complete by mid 2012.

The influence of oxygenated organic aerosols (OOA) and its volatile organic content on the oxidative potential of diesel particulate mater

Airborne particulate matter pollution is of concern for a number of reasons and has been widely recognised as an important risk factor to human health. A number of toxicological and epidemiological studies reported negative health effects on both respiratory and cardiovascular system. Despite the availability of a huge body of research, the underlying toxicological mechanisms by which particles induce adverse health effects are not yet entirely understood. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been shown to induce oxidative stress, which is proposed as a mechanism for many of the adverse health outcomes associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM). Therefore, it is crucial to introduce a technique that will allow rapid and routine screenings of the oxidative potential of PM.

Preliminary results on the characterisation of organic aerosols in urban schools by Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Vehicle emissions have been linked to detrimental health effects with children thought to be more susceptible (See e.g., Ryan et al 2005). In an urban environment a major source of organic aerosols (OA) are vehicle emissions. The ambient concentration of OA is dynamic in nature and the use of an aerosol mass spectrometer can achieve the necessary temporal resolution to capture the daily variation of OA (Jimenez et al 2009). Currently there is a limited understanding of effects of long term exposure to traffic emissions on children’s health. In the present study, we used an aerosol mass spectrometer to monitor OA and determine children’s potential exposure at school to traffic emissions.In this paper, we present the preliminary results of this investigation. The study is a part of a larger project aimed at gaining a holistic picture of the exposure of children to traffic related pollutants, known as UPTECH (www.ilaqh.qut.edu.au/Misc/ UPTECH%20Home.htm).

The effect of charge on ultrafine particle deposition : an experimental pilot study

Eepidemiological studies have linked exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs, <100 nm) to a variety of adverse health effects. To understand the mechanisms behind these effects, it is essential to measure aerosol deposition in the human respiratory tract. Electrical charge is a very important property as it may increase the particle deposition in human respiratory tract (Melanderi et al., 1983). However, the effect of charge on UFP deposition has seldom been investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of charge on UFP deposition in human lung, by conducting a pilot study using a tube-based experimental system.

Particle nucleation in urban subtropical atmosphere

New particle formation (NPF) and growth have been observed in different environments all around the world and NPF affects the environment by forming cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Detailed characterisation of NPF events in a subtropical urban environment is the main aim of this study. Particle size distribution (PSD) of atmospheric aerosol particles in range 9-414 nm were measured using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), within the framework of the “Ultrafine Particles from Traffic Emissions and Children’s Health” (UPTECH) study, which seeks to determine the relationship between exposure to traffic related ultrafine particles and children’s health (http://www.ilaqh.qut. edu.au/Misc/UPTECH%20Home.htm). The UPTECH study includes measurements of air quality, meteorological and traffic parameters in 25 randomly selected state primary school within the Brisbane metropolitan area, in Queensland, Australia. Measurements at 17 schools have been completed so far.

Impact of prescribed burning on urban air quality : a case study

For fuel management and/or ecological reasons prescribed burnings are conducted each year across Australia. Smoke from prescribed burnings could be the major source of air pollution in urban environment during the period of intensive prescribed burning. To investigate the impact of prescribed burning on air quality and the characteristics of prescribed burning particles, field measurements were conducted during the end period of a prescribed burning event in September 2011, Brisbane, Australia.

Paisagem e Escassez : espaço e experimentação

The text elaborates on the creation of Candlestick Park and Parque de la Pedra Tosca as landscape architectural productions that integrated cultural and ecological processes in its spatialization as a response to scarcity and memory

Composición florística, estado silvicultural, fitosanitario y consideraciones técnicas para el manejo del arbolado en los Parques Las Piedrecitas y Japonés de la ciudad de Managua

Con el objetivo de aportar conocimientos para el manejo eficiente del recurso arbóreo urbano público, se realizó el presente estudio en dos de los principales parques de Managua "Las Piedrecitas" y "Japonés" en este se presenta información sobre el estado actual del arbolado, como estado silvicultura! y fitosanitario al igual que conocer los gustos y preferencias de los usuarios en relación a la situación del estado del arbolado, por medio de la aplicación de un cuestionario. Para describir el arbolado y determinar su condición, se realizó el inventario de la vegetación y se tomaron algunos parámetros dasométricos. Obteniendo como resultados 466 árboles, agrupados en 24 familias y 50 especies arbóreas, de los cuales el 82% se consideran como regular, de porte bajo, con escaso desarrollo de la copa, fustes inclinados, la mayoría con presencia de daños mecánicos, quiebres de ramas y heridas en el fuste. En base a estas condiciones silviculturales y fitosanitarias, se formularon algunas propuestas técnicas para el cuido y manejo estético de los árboles presentes en el parque, lo cual traerá beneficios ambientales como por ejemplo, reducir la contaminación del aire y ruido, la modificación del microclima y un realce del paisaje con impactos positivos en la psique humana, además de beneficios sociales y económicos a los usuarios de la zona, haciendo del ambiente un lugar más agradable, placentero para disfrutar, y utilizar el tiempo libre; generando a la vez fuentes de empleo, así como permitirá el desarrollo de una ciudad más verde, propiciando mínimos impactos negativos al ambiente urbano.

¿Qué futuro propone Tecnópolis?

Tecnópolis se emplaza en un gran espacio destruido, en constante reconstrucción.2 Esta no es sino una de las tantas metáforas del país que se reconocen en la muestra. El parque se empeña en transmitir un mensaje: la Argentina tiene futuro, pero no cualquier futuro, sino uno moderno, tecnológico, desarrollado. En el discurso que estructura Tecnópolis, la ciencia y la tecnología aparecen como el buque insignia de nuestro tránsito hacia ese futuro, como heraldos de trabajo y bienestar.

Evaluación de un sistema de riego por goteo artesanal

v i i RESUM EN El presente trabajo se llevo a cabo con el propósito de analizar la eficiencia del sistema de riego por goteo artesanal, ubicado en el parque de ciencia ESTELIMAR en el departamento de Estelí . Se hiso la evaluación mediante tres aspectos importante e n el riego por goteo (profundidad del bulbo húmedo , diámetro mojado, y gasto de los emisores) . El ensayo se estableció en los meses de abril a mayo del 2008, utilizándose un bifactorial en bloques completamente al azar estableciéndose cuatro repeticiones. Para el factor A. longitud de camisa (3cm , 6cm, 9cm) y el factor B. diámetro de salida (1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm) para los cuales en la mayoría de los casos no presentaron resultados significativos

[Discurso do Deputado Odacir Klein : Sessão Conjunta do Congresso Nacional de 21 de junho de 1979]

Em aparte a pronunciamento em que o Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado discute a PEC 2/79, sustenta que a falta de uma representação política que fiscalize os atos do Governo do Distrito Federal enseja ocorrências como a do emprego de vultosos recursos na construção de um parque recreativo, apesar da carência total nos setores de saúde e educação. Observa que a Comissão do Distrito Federal do Senado, o único órgão fiscalizador dos atos do Governo do Distrito Federal, não é composta de representantes eleitos pelos habitantes da Capital da República.

[Discurso do Deputado Antônio Bresolin : Sessão da Câmara dos Deputados de 01 de julho de 1964]

Ressalta a importância do projeto de lei n. 1042 de 1963, que dispõe sobre a elaboração de um Plano Diretor Regional, ao qual ficará subordinada a utilização das áreas que constituem o Distrito Federal. Assinala as vantagens que teria o Prefeito de Brasília se viesse a rescindir os contratos de mansões e terrenos não pagos e os revendesse em seguida. Cita as possibilidades turísticas do Parque do Gama.

Some aspects of the ecology of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea at Laguna Jalova, Costa Rica

The ecology and reproductive biology of the leatherback turtle (Dennochelys coriacea) was studied on a high-energy nesting beach near Laguna Jalova, Costa Rica, between 28 March and 8 June 1985. The peak of nesting was between 15 April and 21 May. Leatherbacks here measured an average 146.6 cm straightline standard carapace length and laid an average 81.57 eggs. The eggs measured a mean 52.12 mm diameter and weighed an average of 85.01 g. Significant positive relationships were found between the carapace lengths of nesters and their clutch sizes and average diameter and weight of eggs. The total clutch weighed between 4.02 and 13.39 kg, and yolkless eggs accounted for an average 12.4% of this weight. The majority of nesters dug shallow (<24 cm) body pits and spent an average 81 minutes at the nest site. A significant number of c1utcbes were laid below the berm crest. In a hatchery 42.2% of the eggs hatched, while in natural nests 70.2% hatched. The average hatchling carapace length was 59.8 mm and weight was 44.6 g. The longevity of leatherback tracks and nests on the beach was affected by weather. One nester was recaptured about one year later off the coast of Mississippi, U.S.A. Egg poaching was intense on some sections of the Costa Rican coast. Four aerial surveys in four different months provided the basis for comparing density of nesting on seven sectors of the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. The beach at Jalova is heavily used by green turtles (Chelonia mydJJs) after the leatherback nesting season. The role of the Parque Nacional Tortuguero in conserving the leatherback and green turtle is discussed.(PDF file contains 20 pages.)

Socioeconomic impacts of National Parks: a case study from the North-east of England

[EN] Enforcement of rural policy measures within National Parks may have a particular importance as they may contribute to reach socioeconomic objectives devised for such areas. So this paper approaches as case study the application of a relevant rural development measure in the Northumberland National Park (NNP) –England, North East— over the period 2000-2008 in order to explore whether NNP makes any difference in terms of enforcing rural policy measures. The main research findings indicate that NNP may have some sort of positive impact on rural development, but support relying on tourism monoculture may be a background reason for undesired negative consequences.

[A_Ribera_SanEsteban] Modelo virtual de la iglesia de San Esteban de Ribera de Valderejo (Álava)

[ES] Ribera es un pueblo abandonado dentro del parque natural de Valderejo, el único edificio que queda en pie es la antigua iglesia. La razón por la que este edificio no fue derribado es la presencia de un conjunto de pinturas murales de época medieval. Por lo demás, el edificio (de unos 25 x 12 metros en planta) se encontraba en un mal estado de conservación (de hecho, un par de años más tarde de la realización de este trabajo se derrumbó la sacristía).