902 resultados para itegrated management systems
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Much has been researched and discussed in the importance played by knowledge in organizations. We are witnessing the establishment of the knowledge economy, but this "new economy" brings in itself a whole complex system of metrics and evaluations, and cannot be dissociated from it. Due to its importance, the initiatives of knowledge management must be continually assessed on their progress in order to verify whether they are moving towards achieving the goals of success. Thus, good measurement practices should include not only how the organization quantifies its knowledge capital, but also how resources are allocated to supply their growth. Thinking about the aspects listed above, this paper presents an approach to a model for Knowledge extraction using an ERP system, suggesting the establishment of a set of indicators for assessing organizational performance. The objective is to evaluate the implementation of projects of knowledge management and thus observe the general development of the organization.
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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O principal objetivo deste artigo é propor, a partir do referencial teórico e de um estudo de caso em uma empresa moveleira, práticas para integração de sistemas certificáveis de gestão ambiental e da qualidade. A coleta de dados do estudo de caso se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o responsável direto pelos dois sistemas e com alguns colaboradores-chave do nível operacional, além de análise documental e de visitas in loco. Ao final deste artigo, são propostas práticas para integração desses sistemas, relacionadas aos seguintes elementos: alta administração; apoio administrativo, financeiro e pessoal; serviço de consultoria; coordenação do programa de integração; interface entre os sistemas; capacitação técnico-gerencial; sistema de liderança, prospecção, avaliação e desenvolvimento de fornecedores; sistema de informação; indicadores; comunicação com o cliente, e integração contínua.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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O desenvolvimento de Sistemas de Gestão da Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho (SGSST) ganha um significado cada vez mais importante no desempenho das empresas, pois, por meio deles, é possível obter a promoção da saúde e satisfação dos trabalhadores e a redução dos riscos de acidentes. No entanto, para que um SGSST obtenha bons resultados, as empresas precisam estar atentas às dificuldades comumente encontradas durante o seu processo de implantação, procurando solucioná-las de maneira antecipada e estruturada. Pelo exposto, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo apresentar diretrizes, baseadas no referencial teórico e nos resultados dos estudos de caso realizados, para implantação de SGSSTs em empresas fabricantes de baterias automotivas. Para o seu desenvolvimento adotou-se o método de pesquisa qualitativa a partir da realização de dois estudos de caso em empresas fabricantes de baterias automotivas localizadas na cidade de Bauru. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise de documentos e observação in loco. Ao final do artigo, são propostas diretrizes relacionadas aos seguintes elementos: alta direção, estratégia organizacional, cultura organizacional, departamento de Segurança e Saúde do Trabalho (SST), técnicos de SST, recursos humanos, treinamento, equipes multidisciplinares, comunicação interna, resistência à mudança, indicadores de desempenho, ferramentas gerenciais para solução de problemas de SST, gestão de projetos, recompensas e incentivos, e integração do sistema.
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As a result of increasing global awareness about the importance of the environment, depletion of natural resources and legal pressures for companies to manage their processes in a sustainable manner, ISO 14001 systems have been gaining increasingly more importance in the organizational scenario. These elements are even more critical in emerging nations due to less awareness and fewer demands by governments and the population in relation to environmental issues. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to verify the benefits and difficulties of Environmental Management Systems based on ISO 14001 at industries in the state of São Paulo - Brazil (an emerging country) by conducting a survey to subsidize the proposal for actions in the public, academic and private sectors to promote the use of this standard of reference and strengthen its results in Brazil. A questionnaire was sent to 194 companies from the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality database. 69 answered, representing a return rate of 35.36%. The main benefits identified are related to the development of preventive environmental actions, reduction in the consumption of power, water, gas and fuel oil, and a positive influence on other internal management processes. The main difficulties are related to cost increases from ISO 14001 management systems and the constant changes in environmental legislation in Brazil. Some actions are proposed at the end of the analyses to intensify the use and improve the results of this standard, such as changes in government legislation and its collective development and implementation in industries. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Carciniculture in Brazil occupies world-wide prominence due to shrimp culture, and the state of Rio Grande do Norte has presented the best results in the culture of the Litopenaeus vannamei in the last decade. This species has been shown to adapt easily to different environments and is between the five most cultivated penaeids of the world. The ponds are usually constructed in areas close to water courses and estuaries. Stock density and substrate ponds can pollute environment, causing losses in the growth and survival of the shrimps, being considered stress factors. Shrimps in inadequate densities and substrates can result reduced productivity of the farm; and favor diseases. So, it is important to verify how these variables influence the development of the animals in the culture farms. Our objective was to study the influence of the type of substrate and the stock density on the behavior and haemocyte count of the L. vannamei. Individually marked juvenile shrimps were kept in aquaria with 30 L of seawater and continuous aeration, in 12L-12D photoperiod. They were observed through Ad libitum and focal sampling instantaneous methods during thirty days, five times per week, six times per day (8:00 to 18:00) in windows of 15 minutes every two hours. The marking of carapace permitted quantifying molting and the feeding was supplied three times a day. Two experiments were carried out: the first one tested animals in the three different substrates (fine sand, smaller rocks-SPP and biggest rocks-SGR) with 33 shrimp/m2. In the second one, the animals were tested in three stock densities (26, 52 and 66 shrimp/m2) in fine sand substrate. At the end of experiment, biometry (first and second ones) and haemocyte count (second one) were made. The behavior of the L. vannamei seems to have been influenced by substrate and stocking density. In low granulometry of the substrate; the exploratory behavior became more frequent and inactivity of the shrimps was reduced. Burrowing was registered in sand substrate, specially in the initial period of the day. Cleaning was gradually higher along the day, presenting the biggest levels as the dark phase approached. The ingestion of feeding was more frequent in low density, and the animals were bigger and heavier at the end of the experiment. In the fine sand condition, the animals presented better growth, probably associated with the burrowing. The molting was equivalent in all types of substrate, but it was more frequent in high densities. Mortality of the shrimps was more frequent in high densities, and cannibalism and diseases were also registered in that condition. The clinical signals were similar to the ones of infectious mionecrosis (IMNV), generally associated with environment and physical stress. The haemocyte count was low for the hematologic standards of the penaeid, which we attributed for greater dilution of haemolymph in the postmolting phase. Smaller shrimps presented lower levels of haemocytes in relation to the bigger animals, count was also low in 26 shrimp/m2 density. The study demonstrates that stocking density and the granulometry of the substrate can affect the welfare, the health and the behavior of the L. vannamei. The sand substrate and low stocking density can be important tools in the management systems of shrimp production
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As influências do sistema de preparo do solo e da adubação nitrogenada não estão bem definidas para o arroz de terras altas. Assim, com o objetivo de avaliar os componentes da produtividade e o rendimento industrial do arroz de terras altas irrigado por aspersão, em função do preparo do solo e de doses de nitrogênio em cobertura, conduziu-se o experimento em condições de campo, em Selvíria (MS), por duas safras consecutivas: 2003/2004 (cultivar BRS Talento) e 2004/2005 (cultivar IAC 202). Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, constituído pela combinação de três manejos de solo (grade aradora + grade niveladora, escarificador + grade niveladora e plantio direto) e seis doses de N em cobertura (0 kg ha-1, 25 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 75 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1 e 125 kg ha-1), com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a concentração de N na folha, altura de plantas, componentes de produção, produtividade e o rendimento industrial dos grãos. O preparo do solo com escarificador + grade niveladora propiciou a obtenção de maiores produtividades das duas cultivares, enquanto a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura interferiu apenas na produtividade da cultivar IAC 202, sem afetar o rendimento industrial de grãos.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Os sistemas de preparo do solo e tipos de adubações levam à disposição diferenciada dos elementos minerais no perfil do solo, influenciando os seus atributos químicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar as alterações de alguns atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho de cerrado, sob as adubações orgânica e mineral e plantas de cobertura, estabelecidas nos sistemas de semeadura direta e preparo convencional, sendo cultivado com feijão de inverno e algodão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas foram instalados dois tratamentos (semeadura direta e preparo convencional) e, nas subparcelas, seis (esterco de galinha, esterco de galinha + metade da adubação mineral recomendada, adubação mineral, crotalária, milheto e testemunha). Foram avaliados P, MO, pH, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, H + Al, Al3+, SB, CTCe e V nas camadas de solo de 0,00-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. O uso do adubo orgânico isolado ou associado com adubação mineral contribuiu para os melhores resultados dos atributos químicos do solo avaliados; as plantas de cobertura apresentaram-se semelhantes quanto aos efeitos nas propriedades químicas do solo; e a distribuição dos elementos minerais na camada superficial do solo (0,00-0,20 m) teve comportamento semelhante entre a semeadura direta e o preparo convencional.
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O maracujá é um fruto de ampla aceitação dada a qualidade de seu suco, sendo o maracujazeiro-amarelo o mais cultivado no Brasil. Nos últimos anos, cresceu o interesse pelo maracujazeiro doce, em função de alcançar bons preços no mercado in natura. Assim, informações técnicas por parte dos agricultores têm se intensificado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção e a qualidade dos frutos desta espécie, cultivada sob poda e irrigação em diferentes sistemas de condução. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em faixas, contendo 12 tratamentos (plantas com e sem irrigação, com e sem poda e três sistemas de condução) e 3 repetições. Com base nos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir: a) o sistema de condução e a poda não afetaram o tamanho dos frutos; b) o sistema de condução não afetou a massa dos frutos, porém as plantas podadas produziram frutos com maior massa; c) a poda diminuiu o número de frutos por planta e o rendimento por área, nos sistemas de condução em T normal e espaldeira vertical com um fio de arame; d) a poda não alterou o número de frutos por planta e o rendimento por área, no sistema de condução em espaldeira vertical com dois fios de arame.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This paper proposes a systematic approach to management of variability modelsdriven and aspects using the mechanisms of approaches Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) and Model-Driven Development (MDD). The main goal of the approach, named CrossMDA-SPL, is to improve the management(gerência), modularization and isolation ou separation of the variability of the LPSs of architecture in a high level of abstraction (model) at the design and implementing phases of development Software Product Lines (SPLs), exploiting the synergy between AOSD and MDD. The CrossMDA-SPL approach defines some artifacts basis for advance the separation clear in between the mandatory (bounden) and optional features in the architecture of SPL. The artifacts are represented by two models named: (i) core model (base domain) - responsible for specify the common features the all members of the SPL, and (ii) variability model - responsible for represent the variables features of SPL. In addition, the CrossMDA-SPL approach is composed of: (i) guidelines for modeling and representation of variability, (ii) CrossMDA-SPL services and process, and (iii) models of the architecture of SPL or product instance of SPL. The guidelines use the advantages of AOSD and MDD to promote a better modularization of the variable features of the architecture of SPL during the creation of core and variability models of the approach. The services and sub-processes are responsible for combination automatically, through of process of transformation between the core and variability models, and the generation of new models that represent the implementation of the architecture of SPL or a instance model of SPL. Mechanisms for effective modularization of variability for architectures of SPL at model level. The concepts are described and measured with the execution of a case study of an SPL for management systems of transport electronic tickets
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The trial was carried out to investigate parasite host specificity and to analyse the dynamics of infection with nematodes parasitizing sheep and catt:le raised together or separately in São Paulo state, Brazil, and, also to clarify doubts about the systematics of species of the genus Haemonchus on the basis of cytological and morphological studies. Ten steers and 32 ewes were randomly assigned to three paddocks (P), as follows: P1, 5 steers; P2, 5 steers and 16 ewes; and P3, 16 ewes. The animals remained on these paddocks in continuous grazing throughout the trial (1-yr period). Faecal exams and larvae counting on pasture were performed fortnightly. Once a month two tracer lambs were placed in each paddock, while two tracer calves were also placed, but only in the eighth month of the trial. All these animals were slaughtered for worm identification and counting. At the end of the trial, one steer and one ewe from P2, which showed high faecal egg counts, were also slaughtered for the same purpose. Nematodes identified cytogenetically as H. placei presented spicule hooks longer than those identified as H. contortus. The following distribution of parasites in cattle and sheep was observed: Bunostomum phlebotomum, H. similis, Mammomonogamus laryngeus strongly adapted to cattle, H. placei and Cooperia punctata more adapted to cattle than to sheep, Trichostrongylus axel and C. spatulata apparently more adapted to cattle, T. colubriformis strongly adapted to sheep, H. contortus more adapted to sheep than to cattle and C. curticei apparently more adapted to sheep. Cross-infection was shown to occur involving some species, however, with time the animals apparently eliminate the species that are not well adapted to them. Therefore, grazing management systems using cattle and sheep appear to be promising for worm control in southeastern Brazil. (C) 1997 Elsevier B.V. B.V.