812 resultados para Teachers -- Training of -- Congresses
Resumo:
Communities of Practice are groups of people who share a concern, problem or passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise by interacting regularly. It¿s use as a tool for planning and implementation of programs for continuous training of teachers in Brazil is not widespread, but used occasionally. This dissertation seeks to demonstrate the use of the communities of practice theory in continuous teachers training in the Brazilian reality. It presents some models of continuous formation currently in process in Brazil, points to the principles of knowledge management taken by this work, presents the communities of practice theory and the criticism of this in its theoretical part. For the case study was used the methodology described by Robert Yin (2005) of single case study to examine the Multicurso, program to continuously train math teachers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The community of practice formed in this program was examined on its form, as to the cultivation of communities of practice, as to the development and about the challenges of geographical distribution. Going beyond, this work has as its main objective to propose a methodology for measuring the value of communities of practice from the case studied, without the intention to make generalizations about the measurement of value in projects of various kinds. The model proposed indicators separated into two categories, the outcome and impact, to facilitate the measurement of value and prevent that communities of practice are to be criticized or super estimated by assignment of value to those without the unequivocal proof of unique causality at the same time it searchs to attest that the contribution of communities of practice in improvements in the systems in which the CoP are in.
Resumo:
Do reconhecimento de que a. prática educativa tem uma especificidade no interior do conjunto das relações sociais, decorre a concepção de que a educação não pode ser encarada como um problema em si, mas articulada à realidade social em que se insere, enquanto uma prática contraditória que medeia interesses antagonicos. Partindo desse pressuposto, o presente trebalho se propõe a refletir sobre a questão da formação dos educa,dores e, mais especificamente, a questão da prática educativo do educador, seus condicionamentos e suas contradições. Para fazer um levantamento das questões e impasses que estão presentes na formação e na prática dos educadores, analisou-se os relatos das experiências de dois projetos educacionais; um envolvendo o 'Centro de ~ducêção da Universidade SlUlta '6~sula e outro o "Projeto NEC/USU", nos sub-projetes integrando a Universidade e escolas de Ensino Supletivo e, em escoléls de lQ grau da Rede Nunicipal do Hio de Janeiro. Nesse processo, desvendou-se a função que a forma- ção de educadores vem desempenhando, uma função de n=S-:DUCAÇÃO, onde um dos pontos-chave e contraditórios da questão seria a relação entre teoria e prática.'~ Propõe-se assim, um repensar desta relação dentro da escola.
Resumo:
Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a politica de formação do magistério de 19 grau, instituida pela Lei no. 5.692/71, nos aspectos que se referem especificamente ao professor de 1a a 4a series, com o fim de situa-la no texto geral da politica educacional do pais. A análise baseou-se na leitura dos textos legais, documentos oficiais e literatura existente. Para melhor fundamenta-la procurou-se reconstruir historicamente a politica de formação do professor primario que se desenvolveu a partir do estabelecimento, no Brasil, das primeiras escolas normais, buscando destacar os fatores de ordem economica,politica, social e ideo1ogica que a determinaram e a linha de orientação que acabou por defini-la. O estudo realizado permite considerar que, em seus aspectos fundamentais, essa linha de orientação prololongou-se apos 1971. A politica de formação do magisterio continuou a se desenvolver no sentido de atender aos interesses e as necessidades do sistema de ensino dos centros urbanos; a oferecer niveis desiguais de preparo para o professorado, variando esses niveis de acordo com as condições econômicas das diferéntes regiões do pais; a permitir a elevação gradativa dos requisitos educacionais para o exercicio da atividade docente nas series iniciais do 1o grau nas grandes cidades, centros econômica e culturalmente mais desenvolvidos; a acentuar o carater propedêutico dos cursos de formação,de professores e, finalmente, a favorecer sua expansãonas ãr-eas urbanas e a não estabelecer um sistema regular.de habilitação do pessoal docente para as areas rurais cujos sistemas de ensino ficam ã mercê de professores preparados em programas intensivos de carater de emergência.
Resumo:
Este estudo objetivou contribuir para um melhor entendimento do processo de informatização em nossas escolas, enfatizando uma vertente ainda pouco explorada pelos pesquisadores: as possíveis mudanças organizacionais decorrentes da utilização do microcomputador. Esta temática foi introduzida, nesta dissertação, a partir da contextualização de algumas das inúmeras dimensões pedagógicas, históricas, econômicas, políticas e sociais, que entremeadas, formam o intrincado tecido da informatização da educação. Para seu desenvolvimento, tornou-se necessário adaptar-se a proposta de Robert Shirley (1976) para o exame de mudanças organizacionais e utilizou-se de algumas categorias de análise sugeridas por Sheingold e outras (1983). Realizou-se uma pesquisa, em estabelecimento educacional localizado na zona oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que pode ser classificada como um estudo de caso de caráter exploratório. Nesta pesquisa foram empregadas a observação não participante, entrevistas padronizadas e não padronizadas, questionários e análise documental. Em relação às estratégias de mudança, não se constatou o aparecimento dos novos papéis, a preparação formal dos professores não atingiu a maior parte do corpo docente e o acesso aos microcomputadores, restrito aos alunos do primeiro segmento do 12 grau, viu-se bastante limitado. Os sistemas de coordenação revelaram-se bastante centralizados e a distribuição de pOder mostrou-se hierarquizada, com forte submissão à autoridade da família proprietária. Diante de tal quadro, a participação dos professores, apesar de solicitada pela coordenação de informática, era na verdade imposta pela direção. O software adotado pela instituição foi o LOGO, utilizado ao lado da análise do discurso da criança. A síntese dos resultados evidenciou o crescente processo de mercantilização do ensino em nosso país e do uso da informática como um novo atrativo para a matrícula de novos alunos. Como conseqOência disto, surge a necessidade de novos estudos para se confirmar a relevância pedagógica da informatização do ensino ou para constatar-se, em escolas preocupadas apenas com o faturamento, sua importância comercial.
Resumo:
A educação vem sofrendo graves, permanentes e contundentes críticas quanto a sua produtividade, eficácia e eficiência. O ataque sistemático às escolas, e em especial às destinadas à preparação de professores, e uma constante em países do Velho, do Terceiro e do Novo Mundo. Todos concordam que a função docente exige competência profissional, sendo a sua ausência a principal responsavel pelas lacunas, insuficiências e deficiências do processo educacional. Acredita-se que a situação ensino-aprendizagem proporcionada por uma atividade didática bem orientada seja um fator de suma importância para a eficácia e eficiência de um sistema de ensino. Considerando a expansão do ensino de 2o grau, que o levou a perder muito do seu caráter acadêmico e seletivo, optou-se pelo estudo da formação do professor que a ele se destina. Com a finalidade de verificar o tipo de formação que o professor de 2o grau vem recebendo e as consequências deste no seu desempenho profissional. Analisa-se criticamente a evolução histérica de sua formação, no Brasil, e procede-se a um estudo dos currículos dos cursos de licenciatura das Faculdades de Educação, ou Unidades Equivalentes, do Estado do Espírito Santo. Verifica-se que estas, de modo geral, adotam o currículo mínimo proposto pelo Conselho Federal de Educação. Sabe-se que o ensino de 2o grau, atualmente, destina-se a alunos provenientes das mais diversas classes sociais, sendo os seus objetivos bem mais amplos que antes verifica-se que as alterações curriculares limitam-se a uma improdutiva ampliação ou diminuição de carga horária e de disciplinas. Deduz-se que a Faculdade de Educação não trouxe nenhuma inovação significativa no que concerne ao currículo de formação pedagógica de professor de 2o grau,o que dá procedência às críticas negativas que a mesma vem recebendo. Recomenda-se a realização de pesquisas de campo e o estudo de propostas curriculares objetivando obter subardias para a reformulação dos currículos atuais.
Resumo:
Este trabalho visa a examinar as práticas de avaliação das escolas oficiais da cidade de Manaus que oferecem as quatro primeiras séries do Ensino de 1o Grau, com vistas a averiguar se a execução da avaliação está de acordo com as prescrições legais em vigor. Trata-se de estudo piloto exploratório feito no período de agosto a setembro de 1977, em escolas selecionadas por amostragem estratificada proporcional, tendo sido estudadas 50% das escolas da população alvo (em número de 25) nas quais foram envolvidos os diretores e os supervisores, bem como, 300 professores selecionados pelos diretores. Na coleta de dados foram utilizados dois questionários diferentes, um aplicado aos professores e outro aos supervisores, fazendo-se ainda uma entrevista individual semi-estruturada com os diretores das escolas envolvidas. Para reduzir as fontes de erro, a própria autora entregou e recolheu pessoalmente os questionários (obtendo uma taxa de retorno de 77%) e conduziu todas as entrevistas. A análise de dados focalizou as seguintes variáveis: o preparo do professor para realizar a avaliação prescrita pela legislação; as práticas de avaliação empregadas pelos professores; o tipo de orientação dada pelo supervisor ao professor no que se refere à avaliação da aprendizagem; e as condições oferecidas ao professor, ao supervisor e às escolas para a prática da avaliação. Os resultados indicaram que, de modo geral, as práticas de avaliação escolar não correspondem aos padrões exigidos pelos textos legais. A deficiência de informações adequadas sobre a teoria atual de avaliação e sobre instrumentos e procedimentos, bem como a insuficiência de condições de prática necessárias à execução da avaliação nos moldes recomendados destacam-se como questões chave do problema.
Resumo:
Esta dissertação resulta de uma pesquisa realizada com o objetivo de verificar o que pensam professores e alunos do Curso de Pedagogia das Universidades do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e Santa Úrsula, sobre a comunicação em sala de aula, isto e: -verificar se há coincidência entre a auto percepção do professor como comunicador e a percepção do aluno sobre o desempenho dessa comunicação. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que, identificada uma discrepância significativa nesse sentido, tal acha do poderia alertar para a importância do estudo da questão, especialmente em relação a outras áreas de ensino, por natureza de seus objetivos, mais voltadas à informação técnica e científica. Trata-se, pois, de um estudo com implicações teóricas e práticas, cujos resultados parecem sugerir que a habilidade no desempenho do papel de comunicador é requisito básico a ser considerado na formação do futuro professor.
Resumo:
O trabalho de conclusão de curso de mestrado acadêmico apresenta um estudo de caso sobre educação fiscal, cuja unidade de análise é o Grupo de Educação Fiscal de Pernambuco. A dissertação tem como objetivo final identificar as principais dificuldades que devem levar em conta os gestores, nos processos de execução da educação fiscal nas escolas públicas do ensino fundamental pernambucano. Para tanto, realiza uma combinação de quatro técnicas de coletas de dados, empregando formulário de pesquisa com perguntas fechadas e abertas, observações livres, entrevistas individuais e grupo de foco. Emprega técnicas de análise temática e categorial considerando as perspectivas micro e macrossociais. A base da interpretação abrange perspectivas históricas, culturais, políticas e econômicas. O estudo apresenta discussões sobre sociedade, poder e educação moral num contexto de psicologia social dos valores humanos. Apresenta seis variáveis de influência negativa do fenômeno e possíveis soluções, apontando a falta de um banco de dados próprio, metas e avaliações de desempenho comuns aos membros do grupo. Reprova a denominação “disseminador” e sugere a capacitação de professores para organizar os papéis que os meninos e meninas devem assumir em sala de aula. Conclui ser necessária a pressão a congressistas, visando à aprovação de lei que determine a inclusão de uma disciplina obrigatória de Ética enquanto Ciência da Moral na educação básica nacional. Sugere a vinculação de verbas a contraprestações com uma Coordenação centralizada do PNEF. Conclui que o Brasil necessita fixar uma matriz moral em seus jovens visando à construção de uma cultura de respeito ao próximo e tolerância às diferenças e que a melhor forma de realizar isso é por meio de investimentos em educação moral.
Resumo:
This study examined the training of teachers in service developed by the Integrated Program for the Development of Early Childhood Education in Rio Grande do Norte - PIDEPE / RN - UFRN, whose central focus of action is the action of the multiplying practice within Natal. The methodology used is a reflection on the training strategies of the practice of early childhood education in order to build a knowledge that can be generalized to other formative experiences of teachers. The instruments used for data collection were the desk research and literature from the perspective of qualitative research. The study focused on the instrument were related to the structure and organization of the stage and the process of action multiplying of the infantile practice. We concluded that the process of training needs to be carefully reviewed. It is necessary to rethink the definition of objectives, criteria and tools for continuous evaluation that they wish to maintain and / or setting up on stage. Look not only for the formative role of education but also indicators of professionalization of teaching.
Resumo:
The objective of this work was to access and understand the teaching social representation (MOSCOVICI, 2005) for the teachers of the children education and fundamental education at Queimadas city, Paraíba. We assume that one representation that allows the teacher to name its profession and to act on it, is a derivative of regularities that are expressed by means of a habitus (BOURDIEU, 1983a), generative matrix of perception and action. This teaching habitus is originated from the experiences and the trajectories of social and professional life of the group. Therefore, from some variables, we tried to access the profile of the group of teachers studied and to get closer of their life style to understand their profession choice and the teaching social representation for this group. In this research, it was used four data sources: a) the questionnaires of characterization; b) the questionnaires of practices and meanings; c) the experience reports and; d) the interviews in depth. The analysis of the data collected was done by means of the simple statistics (frequency), the intersection of variables through cross tables and, the thematic analysis of the contents. The results show that there is a lightly homogeneous group in terms of its social origin and its life style, moreover, they conduct to an overlap between this origin/style and the professional choice. On the other hand, the teacher representation is multi-dimensional such that, all dimensions intercept and articulate with each other to provide a concise teacher representation. They are four dimensions: love and care, help and donation, teaching and learning and, sacrifice and hope. The elements of the teacher representation are substantiated in the schemes of perception and appreciation of the group, in the regularities and life experiences in the context of religion, family, gender and profession. In these regularities we find the elements that comprise the teaching habitus which drives perception and action, representation and daily practice of these teachers. The teaching social representation is still perceived as a threshold for the professional identity of the group of teachers considered. We also observed that there are signs of changes in the practices used by these professionals since they graduate from the course of pedagogy. However, it is not possible to say that these changes are isolated or they lead to a transformation in the teaching habitus or the teaching social representation
Resumo:
This work was developed in the course of Pedagogy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Aims to understand the process of identity construction of teachers and educators in initial training. We started from the idea that such process was made by a complex and interdependent movement, once it was an inventive phenomenon wrought by individuals who are authors and actors of the story of their "real life" (KAUFMANN). This identity is rooted in the trajectories and social biographical experiences (FERREIRA), relationships with the constructed and accumulated knowledge in this route (CHARLOT) and in the developing of a sense of cultural belonging institutionally constructed (Luckmann, Berger). Then, the training involves relationships with knowledge in several instances, considering the effects, in one hand, the historic-social production and, in another hand, from the positions of subject and their biographical itinerary, existential and formative. We used the methodology of the Comprehensive Interview (KAUFMANN; SILVA), associated with a network of theoretical references, empirical and very analytical and interpretive activity. She researcher also relied on the "sensitive listening" (BARBIER), empathic attitude of "listening / seeing" the subject, and the notion of "intellectual artisan" (MILLS). The individual interviews were supplemented by the Focus Group. The approach was multi-referential (ARDOINO; MACEDO), with the intertwining of different perspectives, allowing a more complex configuration and less reductionist. In the analysis and interpretation we located the starting point, genesis of identity whose dynamics is not rigidly determined, but localized in space-time that precedes entry into the initial training. It is the time of concerns, questions and reflections about what you want to be in the future professional life. In sequence, we saw the route, multifaceted process whose the direction is the increasing involvement of individuals with their training. This training is engendered by the relations with the curricular, extracurricular and discursive knowledge, as simultaneous dynamics of self training and socio training. The self training of the individuals, understanding the critical, ethic and authority reading of their own experiences, is also seen as an exercise of shared responsibility, it assumes that the relationship with others meanings and professor mediation. The socio training refers to the collective subject and turns to the historical production and diversified knowledge, and comprehension of the various training instances. Self training and socio training are both objects of negotiation, because they are provocative of new designs, and cultural and identity maps, mobilizing the senses towards new meanings of themselves and the professional reality. It is in this interdependence between what is historically produced and the experiences of the subjects, who we located the arrival, considering it as a radically incomplete process of the professional identity and the building itself.
Resumo:
The discussion we have established in this study is about how the practice is developing educational projects based on work with because the methodological choice of the teacher. The study of an ethnographic qualitative approach was conducted with a group of six teachers in two public schools in School Administrative Zone north of the city of Natal / RN. Data were constructed from semi-structured, reinforced by the direct observation of the practice of teaching of teachers. The goals outlined were to identify the reasons why the option for the project, listing the benchmarks that subsidized their construction, the observation of everyday experience in educational planning and development of projects developed. In the light of information we can notice a complex and even contradictory, which is confusing the concepts and practices are weakened. The analysis revealed inconsistencies between theory and practice in working with projects, the fruit of little theoretical development of teachers. The adoption of the project as a methodological option has meant a change in direction of the effective action didactic. Reflects on this situation, it was concluded that there is a need to broaden the understanding of the significance of this type of work, covering the different dimensions that involve the practice of research, research and training of teachers. Even preventing the intentions and initiatives of the teachers, it must be emphasized is the process of learning within an approach that focuses the process of learning in multiple dimensions, inter-relational, both the capabilities of students in the areas of knowledge.
Resumo:
The scope of this study directs an investigation in search of how the blind person learns knowledge at school mediated by the image in context of an inclusive education and how it can be (or is) triggered by the adaptation of images to the tactile seizure of the blind person and his correlative process of reading. To achieve this intent we choose a qualitative approach of research and opted for the modality of case study, based on the empirical field of a public school in the city of Cruzeta, RN and as a the main subject a congenitally blind female student enrolled in high school there, focusing, often, on the discipline of geography in its words mapping. Our procedures for construction of data are directly involved to the documentary analysis of open reflective interview and observation. The base guiding theory of our assessments is located in the current understanding about the human psychological development of its educational process inside an inclusive perspective, of contemporary conceptions about the visual disability as well of image as a cultural product. Accordingly, the human person is a concrete subject, whose development is deeply marked by the culture, historically built by human society. This subject regardless of his specific features, grasping the world in an interactive and immediate way, internalising and producing culture. In this thinking, we believe that the blind person perceives in multiple senses the stimuli of his environment and acts in the world toward his integration into the social environment. The image as a product of culture, historically and socially determined, appears as a sign conventionally used as an icon that in itself concentrates knowledge of which the student who does not realize visually himself and his surroundings cannot be excluded. In this direction, the inclusive educational process must build conditions of access to knowledge for all students without distinction, including access to the interpretation of the images originally intended for the seizure strictly visual to other perceptive models. Based in this theory and adopting principles of content analysis, we circulated inside the interpretation of the data constructed from the analysis of documents, from the subject speeches, from records of the observation made in the classroom and other notes of the field daily. In the search for pictures on the school contents, adapted to the tactile seizure of blind student, was seen little and not systematic in practice and teaching at the school. It showed us the itinerary of the student life marked by a succession of supports, most of the time inappropriate and pioneers in cooling the construction of her autonomy. It also showed us the tensions and contradictions of a school environment, supposedly inclusive, that stumbles in search of its intent, in the attitudinal and cumulative barriers brought, because of its aggravating maintenance. These findings arose of crossing data around of a categorization that gives importance to 1) Concepts regarding the school inclusion, 2) Elements of the school organization, educational proposal and teaching practice, 3) Meaning of the visual image as the object of knowledge, 4) Perception in multiple senses and 5) Development and learning of the blind person before impositions of the social environment. In light of these findings we infer that it must be guaranteed to the disabled person removal of the attitudinal barriers that are against his full development and the construction of his autonomy. In that sense, should be given opportunity to the student with visual disability, similarly to all students, not only access to school, but also the dynamics of a school life efficient, that means the seizure of knowledge in all its modalities, including the imagery. To that end, there is a need of the continued training of teachers, construction of a support network in response to all needs of students, and the opportunity to development of reading skills beyond a perspective eminently focused in the sight
Resumo:
In preparation for reviewing and reflect about the pedagogical practice of teaching supervisor, noting instances of continuing education in service, dialogue-based, reflective and shared as propelling in the construction of theoretical and practical knowledge is that we propose to undertake this research. Based in our professional practice and stimulated by the desire to contribute with the education in the city of Jardim de Piranhas-RN our intention was to highlight issues which arising from practice teaching, especially those guided in the principles of a continuing, dialogic and reflexive teachers training. In that sense we are encouraged to answer the following question. How has been developed the work of teaching supervisor in the city of Jardim de Piranhas and what kind of elements should be constituted by a continuing education in school if those elements are enhanced by a reflexive action and dialogue-based? Thus, we performed studies of theoretical foundation based in Nóvoa (1995, 2001, 2003), where he emphasizes the importance of take in account the practice itself as a source for the study in the construction of a new teaching practice process, in Alarcão (1999; 2001; 2002; 2003), Schön (1995, 2000), Tardif (2003) and Perrenoud (2002), Gomes (1998), Navarro (2005) and Oliveira (2006), among others, provided the basis to discuss the role of reflection and dialogue in the school and classroom. We still emphasize the ideas of Paulo Freire (1981; 1992; 1996; 2001; 2002), which is consistent with the proposal for a reflexive action and training. For this we adopted a methodology based in the qualitative research with field note, intending to observe the strategies which emerge in the educational supervisor practice. This practice should contribute to the training of teachers. In this process we chose three dimensions that provide structure and power in their work. So, we can describe as conceptual, strategic and changeable