880 resultados para Spanish language -- Computer-assisted instruction


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En este estudio se apuesta por utilizar el material audiovisual en el aula de español como segunda lengua, ya que este material actúa como un sustituto de la realidad en la clase y conecta con el mundo conocido por el aprendiente

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En este trabajo he abordado la enseñanza de los pronombres átonos le, la, lo / les, las, los y sus variantes dialectales en el contexto de la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera. Las variaciones en el uso de los pronombres, ya no solo en la Península, sino en el resto de países hispanohablantes, son bastante numerosas y es una de las mayores dificultades que presenta el español

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El treball aprofundeix en la importància dels textos literaris originals en les classes d’ELE (Espanyol com a Llengua Estrangera). S’estudien les principals línies de pensament sobre l’ensenyament de la literatura a l’aula d’ELE, i l’evolució de l’ensenyament. Es defensa que mitjançant l’ús de textos literaris originals els estudiants poden percebre una mostra de la diversitat expressiva de la llengua

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En el presente trabajo proponemos un modelo descriptivo útil para abordar el análisis pragmático de los rasgos melódicos con función cortés atenuadora en el español coloquial, a partir del análisis acústico de un corpus elaborado ad hoc y su sucesiva validación perceptiva cuyos resultados presentaremos. La investigación se sitúa dentro del proyecto Fonocortesía: el componente fónico en la expresión de cortesía y descortesía verbales en español coloquial. Palabras clave: entonación, cortesía, español coloquial

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Estos tres volúmenes de Actas de las sucesivas Jornadas Internacionales sobre Indigenismo Americano ponen al alcance dels lector un excepcional conjunto de trabajos de especialistas de ambas orillas del Atlántico.

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Describir la realidad sociolingüística de las zonas con contacto de lenguas deviene en la mayoría de los casos una tarea compleja, pero importante para comprender no solo la realidad social y cultural de sus territorios, sinó también los rasgos lingüísticos que las diferencian de las correspondientes áreas contiguas monolingües.

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En diferents zones d"Hispanoamèrica, la substitució del futur sintètic en -rá (cantaré, lloverá) per la construcció Ir a + Infinitiu (voy a cantar, va a llover) resulta cada vegada més evident (Bauhr, 1989; Troya, 1998; Almeida y Díaz, 1998; Blas Arroyo, 2005; Sedano, 2006). Si bé en les zones peninsulars monolingües aquesta substitució també es percep, sembla que en les zones bilingües on el castellà està en contacte amb el català la tendència és justament la contrària. En aquest article es pretén verificar aquesta tendència tot partint de la hipòtesi que la construcció Ir a + Infinitiu per expressar valors temporals prospectius es fa servir en menor grau, sobretot en els parlants amb el català como a L1. La justificació cal trobar-la en la influència del català sobre el castellà; concretament, en el paradigma verbal particular del català confusió amb el pretèrit perfet perifràstic (vaig cantar) i esforç articulatori i en el fet que Anar a + Infinitiu no ha gramaticalitzat els mateixos valors que el castellà a Ir a + Infinitiu manté els valors etimològics. Per comprovar-ho, ens valdrem del corpus RESOL; un corpus de dades orals constituït per 94 entrevistes semidirigides realitzades a nens de 6º de primària, i novament quan cursaven 1º de la ESO, a escoles de Mataró i de Manlleu. Un cop analitzat el corpus, les dades revelen que, efectivament, en les zones bilingües, els informants amb el català com a L1 tendeixen a utilitzar la forma sintètica en major grau que la forma analítica. En canvi, els parlants que tenen el castellà com a L1 fan servir majoritàriament la perífrasi Ir a + Infinitiu, tot i que aquest ús no es tan profús como en la resta de zones monolingües peninsulars. En definitiva, el fet de tenir el català como a L1 sembla ser un dels factor que condiciona o determina la proliferació de la construcció Ir a + Infinitiu en el castellà parlat a Catalunya, però, alhora, la convergència de diferents factors lingüístics és el que condiciona l"ús particular d"aquesta perífrasi verbal en la zona analitzada.

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En enero de 2006, el equipo de investigación sociolingüística de la Universidad deBarcelona, integrado por profesores y doctorandos del Departamento de FilologíaHispánica, se incorporó al Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español deEspaña y de América (PRESEEA), vinculado a la Asociación de Lingüística y Filologíade América Latina (ALFAL), y que tiene como coordinador general a FranciscoMoreno Fernández, Catedrático de Lengua Española de la Universidad de Alcalá. Dichoproyecto se organiza en una red internacional de equipos de investigación cuyo objetivocentral es el de reunir un ingente corpus oral, sociolingüísticamente representativo, deun gran número de ciudades pertenecientes al mundo hispánico. La primera fase delproyecto, que se presentó en 1996, abarca hasta el año 2010 (Moreno Fernández 2006).1Para el estudio de Barcelona, en el seno del grupo PRESEEA – BARCELONA – ESdiseñamos una plantilla que contempla una representación de 108 informantes (loscuales deben haber nacido en la ciudad, haber llegado a ella antes de cumplir los diezaños o llevar viviendo en el lugar más de veinte), distribuidos en tres variables depreestratificación: sexo, edad y nivel de instrucción. A este perfil general añadimos lavariable ‘lengua primera’ (catalán / español), vista la repercusión que alcanza laconvivencia de las dos lenguas en la ciudad (Torres 2007).En las páginas que siguen, nos proponemos abordar el avance real del yeísmo en laCiudad Condal a partir de unas muestras seleccionadas de los datos de PRESEEABARCELONA-ES. El trabajo, que básicamente es de carácter fonético y presenta unanálisis acústico centrado en aspectos frecuenciales, de duración y de intensidad de lasmuestras mencionadas, pretende ser un primer acercamiento al estadio en el que se encuentra el fenómeno en esta área específica.

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En enero de 2006, el equipo de investigación sociolingüística de la Universidad deBarcelona, integrado por profesores y doctorandos del Departamento de FilologíaHispánica, se incorporó al Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español deEspaña y de América (PRESEEA), vinculado a la Asociación de Lingüística y Filologíade América Latina (ALFAL), y que tiene como coordinador general a FranciscoMoreno Fernández, Catedrático de Lengua Española de la Universidad de Alcalá. Dichoproyecto se organiza en una red internacional de equipos de investigación cuyo objetivocentral es el de reunir un ingente corpus oral, sociolingüísticamente representativo, deun gran número de ciudades pertenecientes al mundo hispánico. La primera fase delproyecto, que se presentó en 1996, abarca hasta el año 2010 (Moreno Fernández 2006).1Para el estudio de Barcelona, en el seno del grupo PRESEEA – BARCELONA – ESdiseñamos una plantilla que contempla una representación de 108 informantes (loscuales deben haber nacido en la ciudad, haber llegado a ella antes de cumplir los diezaños o llevar viviendo en el lugar más de veinte), distribuidos en tres variables depreestratificación: sexo, edad y nivel de instrucción. A este perfil general añadimos lavariable ‘lengua primera’ (catalán / español), vista la repercusión que alcanza laconvivencia de las dos lenguas en la ciudad (Torres 2007).En las páginas que siguen, nos proponemos abordar el avance real del yeísmo en laCiudad Condal a partir de unas muestras seleccionadas de los datos de PRESEEABARCELONA-ES. El trabajo, que básicamente es de carácter fonético y presenta unanálisis acústico centrado en aspectos frecuenciales, de duración y de intensidad de lasmuestras mencionadas, pretende ser un primer acercamiento al estadio en el que se encuentra el fenómeno en esta área específica.

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The purpose of this thesis is to develop an environment or network that enables effective collaborative product structure management among stakeholders in each unit, throughout the entire product lifecycle and product data management. This thesis uses framework models as an approach to the problem. Framework model methods for development of collaborative product structure management are proposed in this study, there are three unique models depicted to support collaborative product structure management: organization model, process model and product model. In the organization model, the formation of product data management system (eDSTAT) key user network is specified. In the process model, development is based on the case company’s product development matrix. In the product model framework, product model management, product knowledge management and design knowledge management are defined as development tools and collaboration is based on web-based product structure management. Collaborative management is executed using all these approaches. A case study from an actual project at the case company is presented as an implementation; this is to verify the models’ applicability. A computer assisted design tool and the web-based product structure manager, have been used as tools of this collaboration with the support of the key user. The current PDM system, eDSTAT, is used as a piloting case for key user role. The result of this development is that the role of key user as a collaboration channel is defined and established. The key user is able to provide one on one support for the elevator projects. Also the management activities are improved through the application of process workflow by following criteria for each project milestone. The development shows effectiveness of product structure management in product lifecycle, improved production process by eliminating barriers (e.g. improvement of two-way communication) during design phase and production phase. The key user role is applicable on a global scale in the company.

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Työn tavoitteena on tutkia tiedon jakamisprosessiin ja sen kehittämiseen vaikuttavia tekijöitä hoitotyössä, sekä löytää kiinnekohtia, joita organisaatioiden tulisi huomioida kehittäessään kyseisiä prosesseja. Työ käsittelee tiedon jakamista yleisesti, sekä tiedon jakamista tietoteknisten välineiden avulla. Työ sisältää kirjallisuuskatsauksen, jossa perehdytään prosessien kehittämiseen PROPER-mallia hyödyntäen, muutosjohtamiseen sekä tiedon jakamiseen yleisesti ja hoitotyön viitekehyksessä. Kirjallisuuskatsauksessa esiteltyyn teoriaan nojaten työ esittelee tutkimuksen, jossa ryhmähaastattelua hyödyntäen selvitettiin erilaisia tiedon jakamisen prosessiin ja sen kehittämiseen negatiivisesti vaikuttavia tekijöitä hoitotyössä. Työn tuloksena syntyy joukko haastatteluissa esiin tulleita teemoja, joita voidaan hyödyntää organisaation tasolla käsiteltäessä kyseisiä teemoja.

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Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is a rare cancer. The histological classification of SGC is complex and its biological behavior highly variable: it may vary from a low-grade tumor to a high-grade and often fatal malignancy. These circumstances make this cancer a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Older age and exposure to ionizing radiation are known risk factors. The mainstay of treatment is surgery combined with adjuvant radiation therapy, when appropriate. In addition to the histological type, the only well known prognostic factor is the TNM classification, which describes the tumor size and the amount of metastases. This study was performed using a full population-based nationwide cohort of SGC patients and tumors diagnosed in Finland in 1991-1996. The annual incidence of SGC in the entire population was, on average, 47.7 per year. By histological re-evaluation of 237 specimens the most frequent histological types were the adenoid cystic carcinoma (n=65; 27%), the mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n=45; 19%) and the acinic cell carcinoma (n=41; 17%). The highest 10-year disease-specific survival rate occurred among patients with acinic cell carcinoma (90%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (81%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (60%). A high volume-corrected index (VCI) of Ki-67 correlated with worse survival of patients with SGC. Computer-assisted morphometric analyses of CD34-positive vessels indicated an unfavorable prognosis for patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma and an association with poor survival among patients with acinic cell carcinoma. A high level of expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) showed a trend for a poorer prognosis in salivary duct carcinoma, and a high level of MMP-13 and a low level of MMP-1 had a trend for a poorer prognosis of patients with SGC. A low level of MMP-7 was associated with a poor prognosis of patients with acinic cell and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

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Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli kehittää erään liikkuvia työkoneita valmistavan yrityksen osavalmistuksen tuotannonohjausta. Ohjauksen kehittämisessä otettiin huomioon myös tehtaan liityntäpinnat, eli koko tilaus- toimitusketju. Tuotannonohjauksesta oli tavoitteena kehittää visuaalinen ja mahdollisimman itseohjautuva. Työssä on selvitetty osavalmistuksen nykytilanne ja ohjauksen ongelmakohdat. Kappaleiden valmistamiseen käytettävät vaiheajat tarkastettiin ja tutkittiin tehtaalla valmistettavien merkittävien osien kohdalta. Osasta tuotteista selvitettiin myös tuotteiden valmistuksen läpäisyajat konkreettisten seurantalomakkeiden avulla. Yritykselle soveltuvin ohjausmallin runko etsittiin työn tavoitteen ja toimintaympäristön kautta. Lopulta parhaaksi valitun ohjausmallin toimivuus varmistettiin tietokoneavusteisen simuloinnin avulla. Toiminnan tehostamiseksi työssä on annettu idea myös kuinka tehtaan layoutia olisi hyvä muuttaa. Ohjausmallin käytännön toteutuksesta on työssä annettu esimerkki. Esimerkissä on huomioitu millaista visuaalista ratkaisua olisi parasta käyttää ohjauksen itseohjautuvuuden lisäämiseksi. Työssä annettu myös ideoita kuinka osien varastointia ja kotiinkutsujen tekemistä olisi hyvä parantaa sekä miten saldotietoja saisi mahdollisesti helpommin ylläpidettäväksi.

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The focus of this dissertation is the motivational influences on transfer in higher education and professional training contexts. To estimate these motivational influences, the dissertation includes seven individual studies that are structured in two parts. Part I, Dimensions, aims at identifying the dimensionality of motivation to transfer and its structural relations with training-related antecedents and outcomes. Part II, Boundary Conditions, aims at testing the predictive validity of motivation theories used in contemporary training research under different study conditions. Data in this dissertation was gathered from multi-item questionnaires, which were analyzed differently in Part I and Part II. Studies in Part I employed exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, partial least squares (PLS) path modeling, and mediation analysis. Studies in Part II used artifact distribution meta-analysis, (nested) subgroup analysis, and weighted least squares (WLS) multiple regression. Results demonstrate that motivation to transfer can be conceptualized as a three-dimensional construct, including autonomous motivation to transfer, controlled motivation to transfer, and intention to transfer, given a theoretical framework informed by expectancy theory, self-determination theory, and the theory of planned behavior. Results also demonstrate that a range of boundary conditions moderates motivational influences on transfer. To test the predictive validity of expectancy theory, social cognitive theory, and the theory of goal orientations under different study settings, a total of 17 boundary conditions were meta-analyzed, including age; assessment criterion; assessment source; attendance policy; collaboration among trainees; computer support; instruction; instrument used to measure motivation; level of education; publication type; social training context; SS/SMC bias; study setting; survey modality; type of knowledge being trained; use of a control group; and work context. Together, the findings cumulated in this thesis support the basic premise that motivation is centrally important for transfer, but that motivational influences need to be understood from a more differentiated perspective than commonly found in the literature, in order to account for several dimensions and boundary conditions. The results of this dissertation across the seven individual studies are reflected in terms of their implications for theory development and their significance for training evaluation and the design of training environments. Limitations and directions to take in future research are discussed.

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The present study examines the repertory of liturgical chant known as St. Petersburg Court Chant which emerged within the Imperial Court of St. Petersburg, Russia, and appeared in print in a number of revisions during the course of the 19th century, eventually to spread throughout the Russian Empire and even abroad. The study seeks answers to questions on the essence and composition of Court Chant, its history and liturgical background, and most importantly, its musical relationship to other repertories of Eastern Slavic chant. The research questions emerge from previous literary accounts of Court Chant (summarized in the Introduction), which have tended to be inaccurate and generally not based on critical research. The study is divided into eight main chapters. Chapter 1 provides a survey of the history of Eastern Slavic chant and the Imperial Court Chapel of St. Petersburg until 1917, with special emphasis on the history of singing traditional chant in polyphony, the status of the Court Chapel as a government authority, and its endeavours in publishing church music. Chapter 2 deals with the liturgical background of Eastern chant, the chant genres, and main repertories of Eastern Slavic chant. Chapter 3 concentrates on chant sources: it introduces the musical notations utilised, after which a typology of chant books is presented. The discussion continues with a survey of the sources of Court Chant and their content, the specimens selected for closer analysis, the comparative materials from other repertories, and ends with a commentary on some chant sources that have been excluded. The comparative sources include a specimen from around the beginning of the 12th century, a few manuscripts from the 17th century, and printed and manuscript chant books from the early 18th to early 20th century, covering the geographical area that delimits to the western Ukraine, Astrakhan, Nizhny Novgorod, and the Solovetsky Monastery. Chapter 4 presents the approach and methods used in the subsequent analytical comparisons. After a survey of the pitch organization of Eastern Slavic chant, the customary harmonization strategy of traditional chant polyphony is examined, according to which a method for meaningful analysis of the harmony is proposed. The method is based on the observation that the harmonic framework of chant polyphony derives from the standard pitch collection of monodic chant known as the Church Gamut, specific pitches of which form eight harmonic regions that behave like the usual tonalities of major and harmonic minor. Because of the considerable quantity of comparative chant forms, computer-assisted statistical methods are applied to the analysis of chant melodies. The primary chant forms and their respective comparative forms have been pre-processed into reduced chant prototypes and divided into redactions. The analyses are carried out by measuring the formal dissimilarities of the primary chant forms of the Court Chant repertory against each comparative form, and also by measuring the reciprocal dissimilarities of all chant versions in a redaction, the results of which are subjected to agglomerative hierarchical clustering in order to find out how the chant forms relate to each other. The dissimilarities are determined by applying a metric dissimilarity function that is based on the Levenshtein Distance. Chapter 5 provides the melodic and harmonic analyses of generic chants (chants used for multiple texts of different lengths), i.e., chants for stichera samoglasny and troparia, Chapter 6 of pseudo-generic chants (chants that are used for multiple texts but with certain restrictions), i.e., chants for heirmoi, prokeimena, and three other hymns, and Chapter 7 of non-generic chants, covering nine chants that in the Court repertory are not shared by multiple texts. The results are summarized and evaluated in Chapter 8. Accordingly, it can be established that, contrary to previous conceptions, melodically, Court Chant is in effect a full part of the wider Eastern Slavic chant tradition. Even if it is somewhat detached from the chant versions of the Synodal square-note chant books and the local tradition of Moscow, it is particularly close to chant forms of East Ukraine and some vernacular repertories from Russia. Respectively, the harmonization strategies of Court Chant do not show significant individuality in comparison with those of the available polyphonic comparative sources, the main difference being the part-writing, which generally conforms to western common practice standard, whereas the deviations from this tend to be more significant in other analysed repertories of polyphonic chant. Thus, insofar as the subsequent prevalence of Court Chant is not based on its forceful dissemination by authorities (as suggested in previous literature but for which little tangible evidence could be found in Chapter 1), in the present author’s interpretation, Court Chant attained its dominance principally because musically it was considered sufficiently traditional, and as a chant body supported by the government, was conveniently available in print in serviceable harmonizations.