Porous graphene and nanomeshes

This chapter briefly introduces the concepts and modeling of gas/isotope separation by two dimensional carbon frameworks, i.e. porous graphene and carbon nanomeshes, on the basis of reviewing recent literatures. The small size of evenly distributed pores on these carbon frameworks make them ideal not only for the separation of small gas molecules but also for isotope separation by utilizing the different zero point energies induced by confinement of the pores. The related simulations were treated by transition state theory, an affordable yet precise method that could be adopted in combination with different levels of theory. Such method could be employed to evaluate the performance, as well as to aid the design, of other 2D carbon frameworks toward the goal of gas/isotope separation in the future.

Echolocation calls and wing morphology of bats from the West Indies

Echolocation calls of 119 bats belonging to 12 species in three families from Antillean islands of Puerto Rico, Dominica, and St. Vincent were recorded by using time-expansion methods. Spectrograms of calls and descriptive statistics of five temporal and frequency variables measured from calls are presented. The echolocation calls of many of these species, particularly those in the family Phyllostomidae, have not been described previously. The wing morphology of each taxon is described and related to the structure of its echolocation calls and its foraging ecology. Of slow aerial-hawking insectivores, the Mormoopidae and Natalidae Mormoops blainvillii, Pteronotus davyi davyi, P. quadridens fuliginosus, and Natalus stramineus stramineus can forage with great manoeuvrability in background-cluttered space (close to vegetation), and are able to hover. Pteronotus parnellii portoricensis is able to fly and echolocate in highly-cluttered space (dense vegetation). Among frugivores, nectarivores and omnivores in the family Phyllostomidae, Brachyphylla cavernarum intermedia is adapted to foraging in the edges of vegetation in background-cluttered space, while Erophylla bombifrons bombifrons, Glossophaga longirostris rostrata, Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis, A. jamaicensis schwartzi and Stenoderma rufum darioi are adapted to foraging under canopies in highly-cluttered space and do not have speed or efficiency in commuting flight. In contrast, Monophyllus plethodon luciae, Sturnira lilium angeli and S. lilium paulsoni are adapted to fly in highly-cluttered space, but can also fly fast and efficiently in open areas.

Protecting encrypted cookies from compression side-channel attacks

Compression is desirable for network applications as it saves bandwidth; however, when data is compressed before being encrypted, the amount of compression leaks information about the amount of redundancy in the plaintext. This side channel has led to successful CRIME and BREACH attacks on web traffic protected by the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. The general guidance in light of these attacks has been to disable compression, preserving confidentiality but sacrificing bandwidth. In this paper, we examine two techniques - heuristic separation of secrets and fixed-dictionary compression|for enabling compression while protecting high-value secrets, such as cookies, from attack. We model the security offered by these techniques and report on the amount of compressibility that they can achieve.

Hierarchical deterministic Bitcoin wallets that tolerate key leakage (short paper)

A Bitcoin wallet is a set of private keys known to a user and which allow that user to spend any Bitcoin associated with those keys. In a hierarchical deterministic (HD) wallet, child private keys are generated pseudorandomly from a master private key, and the corresponding child public keys can be generated by anyone with knowledge of the master public key. These wallets have several interesting applications including Internet retail, trustless audit, and a treasurer allocating funds among departments. A specification of HD wallets has even been accepted as Bitcoin standard BIP32. Unfortunately, in all existing HD wallets---including BIP32 wallets---an attacker can easily recover the master private key given the master public key and any child private key. This vulnerability precludes use cases such as a combined treasurer-auditor, and some in the Bitcoin community have suspected that this vulnerability cannot be avoided. We propose a new HD wallet that is not subject to this vulnerability. Our HD wallet can tolerate the leakage of up to m private keys with a master public key size of O(m). We prove that breaking our HD wallet is at least as hard as the so-called "one more" discrete logarithm problem.

Ticking the box and closing the loop: Can dialogue be mandated?

Dialogue is a spontaneous, free-flowing, and untrammeled form of two-way communication between participants who respect, trust, and empathize with each other. Its ethical superiority and effectiveness in bringing participants together mean it is an important aspect of organizational responses to increasingly-empowered stakeholders. But what happens when dialogue is legally mandated between participants who view each other as a problem, if not actually the enemy? When dialogue is perceived as a contest with the winner securing the prize of dictating organizational behavior? Is this – can this ever be – dialogue? Sometimes what happens in the name of dialogue is far from dialogic, and ‘dialogue’ is reduced to ticking a box on a form, or closing a communication loop. This challenges those very characteristics that are the basis of dialogue’s claim to superiority. This conclusion demonstrates the need for a radical reconsideration of both the theory and practice of dialogue in public relations.

Alkaloid production by isolates of the sorghum ergot pathogen (Claviceps africana) from Australia and other countries

Isolates of Claviceps africana from Australia, Africa, Asia, and America were tested for the production of dihydroergosine (DHES), and its biogenic precursors dihydroelymoclavine (DHEL) and festuclavine (FEST), in culture. Several growth media were evaluated to optimise alkaloid production with little success. The best of these involved 2-stage culturing on high-sucrose substrate. Australian C. africana isolates varied widely and inconsistently in alkaloid production, with DHES concentrations in mycelium ranging from: <0.1 to 9 mg DHES/kg; <0.1 to 1.6 mg DHEL/kg; and <0.1 to 0.4 mg FEST/kg. In a separate experiment using similar culturing techniques, DHES was produced by 2 of 3 Australian isolates, 1 of 3 USA isolates, 1 of 4 Indian isolates, the sole Puerto Rican isolate, the sole Japanese isolate, but not the sole South African isolate. In this experiment, DHES concentrations detected in mycelium of Australian isolates (0.1-1.0 mg DHES/kg) were of similar magnitude to isolates from other countries (0.2-1.8 mg DHES/kg). Three C. africana isolates, including one that produced only traces of alkaloid in culture after 8 weeks, were inoculated onto panicles of sterile male sorghum plants. After 8 weeks, all 3 isolates produced 10-19 mg DHES/kg in the panicles, demonstrating that the growing plant favoured more consistent alkaloid production than culture medium.

Evaluation of a Drunk Driving Warning System

The Drunk Driving Warning System is an alcohol interlock based on performance of the Critical Tracking Task (CTT). An evaluation was undertaken to determine CTT sensitivity to blood alcohol concentration (BAC), particularly at .05 g/100 ml. Subjects were 36 males in 3 age groups (18, 21 to 25, 35 years and above) divided into 2 alcohol consumption categories ("light" and "heavy"), and scored on 4 training and 2 test days (one alcohol and one placebo). The CTT performance declined as BAC increased and was significantly impaired at .05 BAC. However, performance was too variable for in-vehicle use. Age and alcohol consumption pattern were without effect.

The culture digitally festival of memeology: An introduction

The collection of essays set to roll out on Culture Digitally over the next month began its life as a pair of panels spanning the last two annual meetings of the International Communication Association. At the 2014 meetings in Seattle, Washington and the 2015 meetings in San Juan, Puerto Rico, various configurations of the contributors in this collection met to discuss the cultures and communicative practices associated with internet memes and viral media. Our shared goal was to bring smart people together to start to think about these digital media genres—still emerging only a few years ago and now seemingly ubiquitous—above the level of the individual example. Together, we asked questions about how internet memes and viral media might be defined, their roles in popular culture, their relationships to far older scientific and scholarly traditions, and their public implications. Two years and two discussions that ended too quickly later, we decided to write up some of our key arguments from the panels. We’ve compiled these write-ups here, in what we’ve taken to calling “The Culture Digitally Festival of Memeology.” - See more at: http://culturedigitally.org/2015/10/00-the-culture-digitally-festival-of-memeology-an-introduction-ryan-m-milner-jean-burgess/#sthash.2KzDogso.dpuf

Influenza hemagglutinin stem-fragment immunogen elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies and confers heterologous protection

Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is the primary target of the humoral response during infection/vaccination. Current influenza vaccines typically fail to elicit/boost broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs), thereby limiting their efficacy. Although several bnAbs bind to the conserved stem domain of HA, focusing the immune response to this conserved stem in the presence of the immunodominant, variable head domain of HA is challenging. We report the design of a thermotolerant, disulfide-free, and trimeric HA stem-fragment immunogen which mimics the native, prefusion conformation of HA and binds conformation specific bnAbs with high affinity. The immunogen elicited bnAbs that neutralized highly divergent group 1 (H1 and H5 subtypes) and 2 (H3 subtype) influenza virus strains in vitro. Stem immunogens designed from unmatched, highly drifted influenza strains conferred robust protection against a lethal heterologous A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus challenge in vivo. Soluble, bacterial expression of such designed immunogens allows for rapid scale-up during pandemic outbreaks.

Diagnóstico sobre el manejo postcosecha y la calidad inicial de la semilla de granos básicos producida artesanalmente en cinco zonas de Nicaragua

El objetivo del presente estudio fue obtener información acerca de la cosecha, post-cosecha y la calidad inicial de las semillas de los granos básicos producida por productores artesanales en distintas zonas de Nicaragua, mediante la realización de un Diagnóstico Rural Participativo (DRP) a 104 productores, y la determinación de la calidad inicial de la semilla a través de la medición de las variables: contenido de humedad, vigor, germinación y sanidad a muestras representativas de lotes de semilla de 26 productores artesanales. Para el análisis de la información obtenida del DRP se emplearon tablas de frecuencias y para el análisis de los resultados de la calidad inicial de la semilla se utilizaron rangos y promedios; exceptuando las variables vigor y germinación cuyos datos provenientes de un experimento bifactorial (factor A: zonas y factor B: productores dentro de zonas) arreglados en un diseño completamente al azar fueron sometidos al análisis de varianza. De igual manera se realizó el análisis de componente de varianza a fin de determinar el efecto de cada uno de los factores bajo estudio sobre la respuesta de las variables antes mencionadas en los cultivos de maíz, frijol y sorgo. En el caso del cultivo de arroz únicamente se determinó el efecto de productores sobre la germinación de las semillas. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de las actividades realizadas en la producción de semillas son adecuadas; exceptuando la de secar la semilla durante todo el día a pleno sol y almacenar la semilla de arroz en sacos de polipropileno trenzado que por lo general son dañinas para la calidad de la semilla; los problemas con el almacenamiento de la semilla fueron alta incidencia de insectos, falta de contenedores, instrumentos de secado y capacitación sobre manejo post-cosecha. De acuerdo al análisis de varianza, los efectos zona y productores dentro de zonas resultaron altamente significativos para la variable vigor en los cultivos de maíz y frijol; en sorgo las mismas fuentes de variación tuvieron un efecto significativo sobre la misma variable. Por otro lado para la variable germinación los efectos de zona y productores dentro de zona resultaron altamente significativos en los cultivos de maíz y sorgo. En frijol las diferencias en los resultados de la variable antes mencionada fueron altamente significativas únicamente entre productores dentro de zona. En el caso del cultivo del arroz solamente se estudió el efecto productor sobre la germinación, el que resultó altamente significativo. Según parámetros establecidos el 57.7% de los productores manejan su semilla en un rango óptimo de humedad y el 84.6% presentan semillas de calidad fisiológica elevada en cuanto a germinación. El análisis de sanidad reveló que únicamente las semillas de los cultivos de maíz y frijol poseen características sanitarias inferiores a lo establecido por las normas específicas de certificación de semillas.

Efecto de secuencias de cultivos y sistemas de labranza sobre la dinámica de arvenses y el crecimiento y rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), evaluación de tres años de estudio

En el Centro Experimental La Compañía localizado en el municipio de San Marcos, departamento de Carazo, Nicaragua, se estableció un experimento de campo durante los años 1994, 1995 y 1996, con el fin de evaluar tres sistemas de labranza (cero, mínima y convencional) y dos secuencias de cultivos sobre la dinámica de las arvenses, así como el crecimiento y rendimiento del fríjol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Los suelos de La Compañía presentan altos contenidos de materia orgánica y por ende de nitrógeno, tambien son ricos en bases cambiables pero presentan deficiencia en fósforo, el valor del pH del suelo lo clasifica como ligeramente ácido. El diseño experimental utilizado fue en parcelas sub divididas en bloques completamente al azar (BCA). Los factores evaluados fueron: secuencias de cultivos (fríjol y maíz) y sistemas de labranza (cero, mínima y convencional). Las variables evaluadas en las arvenses fueron abundancia y peso seco. Las variables evaluadas del cultivo fueron: número de granos por vaina, número de vainas por planta, peso de cien granos, número de plantas por unidad de área y rendimiento de grano. Los resultados se analizaron por medio de análisis de varianza y las medias fueron comparadas a través de la diferencia mínima significativa (DMS), con una significancia estadística no mayor del 5%. El programa estadístico utilizado fue el sistema de análisis estadístico (S.A.S.). El factor sistemas de labranza presentó diferencias significativas dando los mejores resultados en cuanto a la reducción de la abundancia y dominancia de las arvenses en la labran za cero. La secuencia con maíz mostró mayor efecto sobre la distribución y abundancia de arvenses. De acuerdo a los mayores rendimientos de grano, labranza mínima obtuvo el mayor rendimiento y a la vez la mayor rentabilidad, mientras que labranza convencional presentó una alta tasa de inversión inicial no rentable.

Crónica de la Facultad de Derecho Canónico : ciclo lectivo 2012

En este volumen XVIII del Anuario Argentino de Derecho Canónico se publica la crónica que refleja la actividad académica de la Facultad de Derecho Canónico “Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo” durante el año 2012, tal como se ha hecho en forma ininterrumpida desde el volumen II de 1995. El ciclo lectivo comenzó con una misa concelebrada por profesores y alumnos en la sede del edificio “Santa María” del campus universitario de Puerto Madero. A continuación, en el salón de usos múltiples del edificio Santa María, se llevó a cabo la tradicional lectio brevis que estuvo a cargo del Pbro. dr. Ariel David Busso, quien se refirió a “El derecho y el tiempo”.

Crónica de la Facultad de Derecho Canónico ciclo lectivo 2014

En este volumen XX del Anuario Argentino de Derecho Canónico, se publica la crónica que refleja la actividad académica de la Facultad de Derecho Canónico “Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo” durante el año 2014, tal como se ha hecho en forma ininterrumpida desde el volumen II de 1995. El ciclo lectivo comenzó con una misa concelebrada por profesores y alumnos en la sede del edificio “Santa María” del campus universitario de Puerto Madero. A continuación, en el salón de usos múltiples del Edificio Santa María, se llevó a cabo la tradicional lectio brevis que estuvo a cargo del Decano Mauricio Landra, quien se refirió a “Dos Asambleas Sinodales y una misma meta: estudiar los desafíos pastorales sobre la familia en el contexto de la evangelización”...