999 resultados para Perturbações espetro autismo
Resumo:
Uma análise da estabilidade não-linear de feixes com seção transversal circular considerando perturbações sem simetria axial é executada. Mostra-se que as oscilações simétricas oficialmente circulares de um feixe podem induzir oscilações não-lineares do tipo anti-simétrica(elípticas), com um conseqüente aumento do tamanho do feixe ao logo de uma direção preferencial. O mecanismo da instabilidade e sua relevância às perdas de partícula no feixe são discutidos.
Resumo:
A Província Basáltica Continental do Paraná (PBCP) ocupa uma área de cerca 1,2 x 106 km2 na América do Sul e tem sua origem vinculada a fragmentação do Gondwana e a abertura do Oceano Atlântico Sul durante o Cretáceo Inferior. Estudos enfocando a morfologia e origem das estruturas nos basaltos na PBCP, realizados na porção oeste do estado do Paraná, determinaram a identificação de derrames do tipo pahoehoe e ‘a‘a , com o predomínio de pahoehoe simples e compostos. Em alguns locais constatou-se o processo de interação entre lavas e sedimentos e a ocorrência de peperitos fluidais. Na área estudada verificou-se que os derrames pahoehoe compostos são formados por lobos do tipo P (pipe) e do tipo S (spongy), com o predomínio dos primeiros. A predominância de lobos do tipo P pode ser relacionada com o rompimento e geração de pequenos lobos na porção distal de espessos derrames inflados. As características destes lobos indicam um longo tempo de residência das lavas, em um sistema de distribuição antes da extrusão. As feições de superfície originadas em derrames pahoehoe e ‘a‘a estão bem preservadas e são de fácil reconhecimento. Os derrames possuem extensão lateral de até 50 km e podem ser divididos em três porções em relação ao conduto: proximal, mediana e distal. Na porção proximal os derrames pahoehoe são espessos (40-70 m) e possuem a crosta superior e o núcleo maciço bem delimitado. Na porção mediana predominam derrames pahoehoe simples com espessura entre 20 e 30 m, localmente ocorrem derrames compostos. Na porção distal predominam derrames compostos de até 5 m de espessura, formados por lobos. A geração de derrames tipo pahoehoe inflados sugerem baixas taxas de erupção na geração dos basaltos do oeste do Paraná. Estimativas baseadas na espessura da crosta superior indicam um período de 33 meses para a geração de fluxos inflados com 25 m de espessura total. Os peperitos foram gerados pela interação entre derrames e sedimentos úmidos, predominantemente silte e argila, depositados em um ambiente lacustre. A presença destes sedimentos indica uma mudança climática, que ocorreu entre a erupção da porção basal da PBCP, associada com ambiente desértico (Formação Botucatu) e a porção superior associada com ambiente lacustre. Nesta fase interrupções no vulcanismo possibilitaram a deposição de sedimentos em pequenos lagos estabelecidos sobre os derrames. A presença de sedimento vesiculado preenchendo vesículas e fraturas e a deformação de estruturas sedimentares indicam que a fração sedimentar estava inconsolidada ou pouco consolidada e úmida, quando da geração dos peperitos. As texturas presentes nos peperitos fluidais indicam que os principais fatores que influenciaram no mingling entre lava e sedimentos foram: 1- as propriedades da lava (baixa viscosidade), 2- a presença de sedimentos inconsolidados a pouco consolidados e úmidos e 3- um evento único na interação entre lava e sedimento. Neste ambiente os peperitos eram formados na base do derrame e processos posteriores, como a inflação do derrame e a extrusão de outros derrames, não causaram perturbações nos domínios de peperito gerados previamente. Os trabalhos realizados na porção oeste do Paraná indicam que os derrames da PBCP são dominantemente do tipo pahoehoe, tanto simples como compostos, associados com fluxos inflados. Estas evidências contrariam a estruturação convencionalmente estabelecida para a Formação Serra Geral onde os derrames são espessos, maciços e com geometria tabular. Esta aparente organização pode ser também gerada pela amalgamação de sucessivos e simultâneos lobos de lavas.
Resumo:
O presente estudo foi delineado com os seguintes objectivos: (I) analisar as diferenças entre sexos no desempenho da coordenação e habilidades motoras e (II) avaliar a influência da actividade física (ActF), das características somáticas e do envolvimento familiar na capacidade de coordenação motora CM e expressão das habilidades motoras. A amostra foi constituída por 1632 crianças (835 do sexo feminino e 797 do sexo masculino) que participaram no projecto “Crescer com Saúde na Região Autónoma da Madeira” (CRES). Para avaliar o desenvolvimento coordenativo foi utilizada a bateria KTK e para as habilidades motoras recorremos ao Teste de Desenvolvimento das Habilidades Motoras Fundamentais (TGMD 2). As variáveis somáticas avaliadas foram: altura, peso e soma de cinco pregas adiposas (S5PA). As variáveis do envolvimento avaliadas foram: estatuto sócio-económico (ESE), fratria e outras variáveis relacionadas com o espaço habitacional e práticas educativas. A ActF foi avaliada através do questionário de Godin e Shephard (1985). Foi realizada a estatística descritiva para todas as variáveis observadas: média, desviopadrão, mínimo e máximo para as variáveis medidas nas escalas intervalar e de razão, frequências e percentagens para as variáveis medidas na escala nominal. Foi usada a prova de Student para analisar a diferença entre os dois sexos nas diferentes provas motoras. Para identificar as variáveis determinantes do desempenho motor foi usada a análise de regressão múltipla com o método stepwise. Em todas as provas estatísticas os resultados foram considerados significativos quando p≤0,05. Os rapazes obtiveram resultados médios superiores às raparigas na CM e no desempenho das habilidades motoras, com excepção dos testes de avaliação locomotora nas crianças com idade superior aos 6 anos em que não existem diferenças entre os sexos. A generalidade das crianças apresenta valores de CM que se situam nos níveis de insuficiências e perturbações coordenativas. As variáveis somáticas foram as melhores preditoras na variação do desempenho nos testes de CM e habilidades motoras. Níveis mais elevados de ctF estão associados a resultados médios superiores no desempenho dos testes de CM e na avaliação de controlo de objectos, nos rapazes com idade superior a 6 anos. As variáveis do envolvimento que melhor explicaram os resultados obtidos nos testes motores foram o ESE, o tipo de habitação, a ordem da fratria e o limite geográfico concedido à criança para brincar.
Resumo:
As energias renováveis têm-se tornado uma alternativa viável e complementar aos combustíveis fósseis, pelo facto de serem energias virtualmente inesgotáveis, limpas e economicamente vantajosas. Um dos principais problemas associados às fontes de energia renováveis é a sua intermitência. Este problema impossibilita o controlo da produção de energia e reflete-se na qualidade da energia elétrica. Em sistemas de microprodução de energia, este problema pode ser atenuado com a inclusão de sistemas de armazenamento intermédio que possibilitam o armazenamento do excedente extraído das fontes renováveis, podendo ser utilizado como recurso auxiliar na alimentação de cargas ou como meio de estabilização e otimização do desempenho da Rede Elétrica de Energia (REE), evitando variações bruscas na energia transferida para a mesma. Os sistemas de microprodução com armazenamento intermédio podem ser considerados fundamentais na implementação do conceito de Rede Inteligente de Energia (RIE), visto serem sistemas de energia descentralizados que permitem uma melhor gestão da energia elétrica e uma consequente redução de custos. No presente trabalho desenvolveu-se um sistema de microprodução de energia renovável compatível com as fontes renováveis fotovoltaica e eólica, possuindo um banco de baterias como sistema de armazenamento intermédio. A construção deste sistema teve como principal objetivo seguir as referências de potência impostas pela RIE, independentemente das condições meteorológicas, com recurso à energia armazenada nas baterias, evitando a introdução de perturbações na REE ao nível da tensão e da frequência. Estudou-se o comportamento do sistema na ocorrência de variações bruscas da fonte renovável, perturbações na tensão da REE e introdução de cargas lineares e não lineares. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo experimental com painéis fotovoltaicos, no qual foram registados os valores de alguns parâmetros da qualidade da energia elétrica. Obteve-se uma resposta de aproximadamente 25 μs por parte das baterias para cada Watt de potência requisitado pela RIE.
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Despite the importance of coral reefs to humanity, these environments have been threatened throughout the world. Several factors contribute to the degradation of these ecosystems. The Maracajaú Reef Complex, in Rio Grande do Norte state is part of the Coral Reefs Environment Preservation Area in northeastern Brazil. This area has been receiving an increasing influx of tourism and the integrity of the local reefs is a matter of concern. In this study, the reef macroalgae communities were studied and compared within two areas distinguished by the presence or absence of tourism activities. Two sample sites were chosen: the first one, where diving activities are intense; and the other, where these practices do not occur. Samples were collected at both sites within a quadrate of 625 cm2 of area randomly thrown 5 times along a 10 meters transect line. Richness, Shannon-Hill diversity and Simpson dominance indices were determined based on biomass data. Similarity between sites was analyzed with Bray-Curtis similarity and distance index. Fifty-eight macroalgae species were observed, including 7 Chlorophyta, 13 Phaeophyta and 38 Rhodophyta. In the non-disturbed site, 49 species were found, while at the disturbed site, there were 42 species. Dictyotaceae and Corallinaceae were the most representative families at the non-disturbed site, and Rhodomelaceae and Dictyotaceae at the disturbed site. The non-disturbed site presented a higher biomass and the greatest richness and diversity indices. In the disturbed site the dominance index was greater and Caulerpa racemosa was the dominant species. The dendogram based on similarity index showed two major clusters, and an isolated element at the center that corresponds to a sample from the disturbed site. In the first cluster, samples from the non-impacted site were predominant and fleshy brown algae were more conspicuous. The second cluster was composed primarily of samples from the impacted site, where C. racemosa and red filamentous and erect calcareous algae associations (turf forming) were observed covering large extensions. These associations are represented by groups of algae adapted to environments where disturbances are frequent. They can grow rapidly on substrate where benthic community was removed and do not allow the establishment of other species. The results of the present study show that tourism activity is an impacting factor that has been causing shifts in macroalgae communities in the Maracajaú Reef Complex
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The marine turtles biological characteristics and the impact they have been suffering in consequence of human activities have caused in the last decades the decrease of populations to unsustainable levels. All four of the species described in this paper are registered as endangered in a list by IUCN: Caretta caretta, Lepidochelys olivacea, Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriacea. The main causes of such impact include several fishing activities, mostly the surface longline. This paper discusses the monitoring of two foreigner longline fleet along the North East Brazilian coast between October of 2004 and September of 2005. Both operated in the West South Atlantic, one using the Chinese technique and the other the American. The American method s target species is the swordfish (Xiphias gladius), and it is characterized by using squid as bait, J 9/0 offset 5º hook, light sticks and night soaking. It also operates in shallower waters than the Chinese method. The source of information about the efforts and the catches came from onboard observers and were used to calculate the catching rate of turtles over 1000 hooks (CPUE). The American equipment caught more turtles (CPUE = 0,059; N= 103), mainly D. coriacea, while the Chinese longline caught mainly the L. olivacea and presented a CPUE= 0,018 (N= 89). The hooks were most frequently found attached to the mouth of C. caretta, C. mydas, and L. olivacea. The D. coriacea were most frequently caught by hooks externally attached to different parts of their body. There was no significant difference between the hook type catching and most turtles were still alive when released. The results suggest a greater potential of turtle catching by the American method. Besides the statistic tests have showed less interaction between the Chinese equipment and marine turtles, the catches of this fishing technique could have been underestimated due to miscommunication between the onboard observer and the vessel s crew plus the retrieve of the longline during night time
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The demographic growth press environments that are more susceptible to perturbations, like riparian areas, without knowing about the effects of replacing these natural environments by different land uses on soil quality and, consequently, on watershed. The study of soil quality has evolved as an important tool for soil sustainable management of this component of the biosphere that affects aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems functions. Thus, physical and chemical soil proprieties were measured to assess soil quality under different land uses (agricultural, pasture, urban, industrial and natural vegetation,) in the riparian zone of Extremoz Lake, an important human water source, evaluating whether the soil offers potential risk to water pollution. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed negative changes in soil quality such as alkalinization and increase in P, Pb, Mn and Zn contents in most anthropized areas. The sandy texture and low organic matter content in all soils showed the fragility of the soil to erosion and leaching of elements in excess to water bodies, evidencing that this soils has potential to diffuse contaminants. Conservative management of soil is necessary to provide an adequate ecological state in riparian zones of the Extremoz Lake, thus allowing controlling and buffering diffuse sources of pollution to this important water supply source
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Inclusion of students with autism in regular education settings is a topic that has not been much explored by the national scientific literature. This matter is complex and, due to the extent of various aspects involved, it is essential to delimitate a focus of investigation. The direction taken by this study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention program in the communicative interactions between a student with autism and his teacher in a regular classroom. Data were collected in an elementary private school, located in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte during the 2010 academic school year. The study included a teacher and a non-vocal, 10-year-old student diagnosed with autism. A quasi-experimental A-B research design was employed. During the intervention program the teacher was trained to use Naturalistic Teaching Strategies and Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) resources to increase the frequency of interactions with the student during three classroom routines (entry time, snack and pedagogical activity). The results indicated qualitative and quantitative changes in the interactions of the dyad after the implementation of the intervention program. The student began to use pictograms to communicate with the teacher in two of the three routines investigated. The frequency of AAC use was also observed in the teacher‟s repertoire, especially when the student failed to understand gestures and words. The teacher positively evaluated the intervention program
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The present study is included in the environmental international theme, approaching the search for the environmental conformity in public events. It describes the main environmental impacts, objects of the study Sound Disturbances, implications concerning the increase in the Volume of Traffic and in the volume of Solid Residues generated in the surroundings of the event. The methodology used consists of the report of the case study of the festivity called Carnatal, held in Natal/RN, in December of 2001. As a work method, it was used a quantitative evaluation of the sound intensity level, according to the effective legislation, an electronic count of volume of traffic and an evaluation of the productive performance of the means of production of public urban sanitation company used in the event. The results pinpoint the recognition of the impacts generated by the event and the proposition of a Program of Environmental Management, aiming at, in addition to the establishment of the instruments and goals for the mitigation of the impacts, defining the role of the social actors in the search for the environmental conformity of festivities
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In this thesis, it is developed the robustness and stability analysis of a variable structure model reference adaptive controller considering the presence of disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. The controller is applied to uncertain, monovariable, linear time-invariant plants with relative degree one, and its development is based on the indirect adaptive control. In the direct approach, well known in the literature, the switching laws are designed for the controller parameters. In the indirect one, they are designed for the plant parameters and, thus, the selection of the relays upper bounds becomes more intuitive, whereas they are related to physical parameters, which present uncertainties that can be known easier, such as resistances, capacitances, inertia moments and friction coefficients. Two versions for the controller algorithm with the stability analysis are presented. The global asymptotic stability with respect to a compact set is guaranteed for both cases. Simulation results under adverse operation conditions in order to verify the theoretical results and to show the performance and robustness of the proposed controller are showed. Moreover, for practical purposes, some simplifications on the original algorithm are developed
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Post dispatch analysis of signals obtained from digital disturbances registers provide important information to identify and classify disturbances in systems, looking for a more efficient management of the supply. In order to enhance the task of identifying and classifying the disturbances - providing an automatic assessment - techniques of digital signal processing can be helpful. The Wavelet Transform has become a very efficient tool for the analysis of voltage or current signals, obtained immediately after disturbance s occurrences in the network. This work presents a methodology based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform to implement this process. It uses a comparison between distribution curves of signals energy, with and without disturbance. This is done for different resolution levels of its decomposition in order to obtain descriptors that permit its classification, using artificial neural networks
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The so-called Dual Mode Adaptive Robust Control (DMARC) is proposed. The DMARC is a control strategy which interpolates the Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) and the Variable Structure Model Reference Adaptive Control (VS-MRAC). The main idea is to incorporate the transient performance advantages of the VS-MRAC controller with the smoothness control signal in steady-state of the MRAC controller. Two basic algorithms are developed for the DMARC controller. In the first algorithm the controller's adjustment is made, in real time, through the variation of a parameter in the adaptation law. In the second algorithm the control law is generated, using fuzzy logic with Takagi-Sugeno s model, to obtain a combination of the MRAC and VS-MRAC control laws. In both cases, the combined control structure is shown to be robust to the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances, with a fast transient performance, practically without oscillations, and a smoothness steady-state control signal
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In this work, the variable structure adaptive pole placement controller (VS-APPC) robustness and performance are evaluated and this algorithm is applied in a motor control system. The controller robustness evaluation will be done through simulations, where will be introduced in the system the following adversities: time delay, actuator response boundeds, disturbances, parametric variation and unmodeled dynamics. The VS-APPC will be compared with PI control, pole placement control (PPC) and adaptive pole placement controller (APPC). The VS-APPC will be simulated to track a step and a sine reference. It will be applied in a three-phase induction motor control system to track a sine signal in the stator reference frame. Simulation and experimental results will prove the efficiency and robustness of this control strategy
Resumo:
This work deals with an on-line control strategy based on Robust Model Predictive Control (RMPC) technique applied in a real coupled tanks system. This process consists of two coupled tanks and a pump to feed the liquid to the system. The control objective (regulator problem) is to keep the tanks levels in the considered operation point even in the presence of disturbance. The RMPC is a technique that allows explicit incorporation of the plant uncertainty in the problem formulation. The goal is to design, at each time step, a state-feedback control law that minimizes a 'worst-case' infinite horizon objective function, subject to constraint in the control. The existence of a feedback control law satisfying the input constraints is reduced to a convex optimization over linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) problem. It is shown in this work that for the plant uncertainty described by the polytope, the feasible receding horizon state feedback control design is robustly stabilizing. The software implementation of the RMPC is made using Scilab, and its communication with Coupled Tanks Systems is done through the OLE for Process Control (OPC) industrial protocol