Estilos Educativos Parentais, Hábitos/Comportamentos Alimentares e Sintomas de Perturbação do Comportamento Alimentar, numa Amostra de Adolescentes

Introdução: Quer na literatura internacional, quer nacional são poucos os estudos que exploram a associação entre os estilos educativos parentais, os hábitos/comportamentos alimentares e a sintomatologia de perturbação do comportamento alimentar (PCA). Pretende-se, então, com este estudo, fundamentalmente, explorar associações entre as dimensões de um instrumento que avalia estilos educativos parentais (o Parental Rearing Style Questionnaire for use With Adolescents/EMBU-A), dimensões de um teste que avalia sintomatologia de PCA (Teste de Atitudes Alimentares/TAA-25), índice de massa corporal (IMC), itens que avaliam hábitos/comportamentos alimentares e diferentes variáveis sociodemográficas, familiares e de saúde. Em função das associações encontradas pretendemos, igualmente, explorar quais as variáveis preditivas da sintomatologia de PCA e dos hábitos/comportamentos alimentares. Metodologia: 402 adolescentes (raparigas: n = 241, 60%) entre os 12 e 18 anos (M = 14,2; DP = 1,62) das cidades de Coimbra, Cantanhede e Matosinhos preencheram um protocolo composto por um questionário sobre variáveis sociodemográficas, familiares e de saúde, o EMBU-A e o TAA-25. Resultados: Verificou-se, de uma forma geral, uma associação negativa entre a dimensão Suporte Emocional do EMBU-A, as dimensões do TAA-25 e a pontuação total deste instrumento. No sentido oposto, verificou-se, genericamente, uma associação positiva geral entre as dimensões Sobreproteção e Rejeição e os mesmos resultados relativos ao TAA-25. A prática de desporto mostrou-se associada a uma pontuação média superior de Motivação para a Magreza e da pontuação total do TAA-25. Nas análises preditivas foi possível constatar que o Suporte Emocional tende a diminuir a probabilidade dos jovens manifestarem sintomatologia de PCA. Por oposição, a Rejeição tende a aumentar a probabilidade dos jovens apresentarem esta sintomatologia. Conclusão/Discussão: A dimensão Suporte Emocional do EMBU-A parece ser protetora do surgimento de sintomatologia de PCA e de hábitos/comportamentos disfuncionais nos adolescentes, enquanto a dimensão Rejeição parece aumentar o risco do desenvolvimento dessa sintomatologia e desses hábitos/comportamentos alimentares. Neste sentido, devem ser trabalhadas estas dimensões junto dos pais, eventualmente através de programas psicoeducativos. Também nas escolas e centros de saúde podem ser implementados programas com vista a melhorar os hábitos/comportamentos alimentares e ajudar a prevenir o surgimento de PCA. / Introduction: There are few studies both in the international and national literature exploring the association between parental educational styles, eating habits/behaviours and symptoms of Eating Disorders (ED). With this study we intend to examine the associations between the dimensions of an instrument assessing parenting styles (Parental Rearing Style Questionnaire for Adolescents/ EMBU-A), dimensions of a test assessing symptoms of eating disorders(Eating Attitudes Test-25/EAT-25), Body Mass Index (BMI), items assessing eating habits/behaviors and different sociodemographic family and health variables. Based on the associations found, we also intend to explore which are the variables that show to be predictors of symptoms of eating disorders and eating habits/behaviours. Methodology: 402 adolescents (girls: n = 241, 60%) between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14,2, SD = 1,62) from Coimbra, Cantanhede and Matosinhos completed a protocol consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the EMBU-A and the EAT-25. Results: In general, we found a negative association between the Emotional Support dimension of EMBU-A, the EAT-25 dimensions and the total score of this instrument. In opposition, there was, generally, a positive association between the Overprotection and Rejection dimensions (EMBU-A) and the same results of the EAT-25. Sports’ practice was associated with a higher mean score of Motivation for Thinness and the total score of the EAT-25. In the predictive analyses, we verified that Emotional Support tends to decrease the likelihood of adolescents manifesting symptoms of ED. In contrast, Rejection tends to increase the likelihood of young people presenting these symptoms. Conclusion/Discussion: The dimension of seems to be protective of the appearance of symptoms of ED and of dysfunctional eating habits/behaviors in adolescents, while Rejection appears to increase the risk of developing such symptoms and these eating habits/behaviors. For these reasons, these dimensions should be worked together with parents, eventually by means of psicoeducational programs. Also, in schools and health centers programs can be implemented in order to improve eating habits/behaviors and to help prevent the development of ED.

Eighty years 'Owre the Sea': Robert Burns and the early United States of America, c. 1786-1866.

This thesis represents the first extensive critical study of the relationship between Robert Burns and the early United States of America. Spanning literature, history and memory studies, the following chapters take an interdisciplinary approach towards investigating the methods by which Burns and his works rose to prominence and came to be of cultural and literary significance in America. Theoretically, these converging disciplines intersect through a transnational, Atlantic Studies perspective that shifts emphasis from Burns as the 'national poet of Scotland' onto the various socio-cultural connections that facilitated the spread of his work and reputation. In addition to Scottish literary studies, the thesis contributes to the broader fields of Transatlantic, Transnational and American Studies. Previous studies have suggested that Burns's popularity in the early United States might be attributed to his kinship with 'national' American ideals of freedom, egalitarianism and individual liberty. While some of the evidence supports this claim, this thesis argues that it also wrongly assumes a spatiotemporal unity for the nineteenth-century American nation. It concludes by suggesting that future critical studies of the poet must heed the multifarious complexities of 'national' paradigms, pointing the way to further work on the reception and influence of Burns in other 'global' or, indeed, transnational contexts.

Optimal choice of electoral preference data

Electoral researchers are so much accustomed to analyzing the choice of the single most preferred party as the left-hand side variable of their models of electoral behavior that they often ignore revealed preference data. Drawing on random utility theory, their models predict electoral behavior at the extensive margin of choice. Since the seminal work of Luce and others on individual choice behavior, however, many social science disciplines (consumer research, labor market research, travel demand, etc.) have extended their inventory of observed preference data with, for instance, multiple paired comparisons, complete or incomplete rankings, and multiple ratings. Eliciting (voter) preferences using these procedures and applying appropriate choice models is known to considerably increase the efficiency of estimates of causal factors in models of (electoral) behavior. In this paper, we demonstrate the efficiency gain when adding additional preference information to first preferences, up to full ranking data. We do so for multi-party systems of different sizes. We use simulation studies as well as empirical data from the 1972 German election study. Comparing the practical considerations for using ranking and single preference data results in suggestions for choice of measurement instruments in different multi-candidate and multi-party settings.

Determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos en agua de consumo humano en la Colonia Los Naranjos, Apopa, San Salvador.

Con el objetivo de determinar parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos en agua de consumo humano en la colonia Los Naranjos, Apopa, San Salvador. Se tomaron por triplicado 8 muestras para cumplir con los requerimientos de las pruebas físicas, químicas y microbiológicas en dos tiempos distintos, época seca y lluviosa. Tomando en cuenta la distribución del sistema de agua potable, los puntos de muestreo se ubicaron al principio en medio y al final del pasaje. La calidad del agua se determinó mediante la evaluación de parámetros organolépticos y físicos (color, olor, sabor,. pH, temperatura, sólidos totales disueltos), químicos (dureza total, hierro, manganeso arsénico y plomo) y microbiológicos (bacterias coliformes totales, coliformes fecales, Escherichia coli, recuento total de bacterias heterótrofas, aerobias mesófilas y organismo patógeno Pseudomonas aeruginosa), tomando como referencia lo establecido en la American Public Health Association (APHA). Luego se compararon los resultados con los límites máximos permitidos por la Norma Salvadoreña Obligatoria NSO 13.07.01:08 para agua y agua potable. Posterior a la realización de los análisis se determinó tanto en época lluviosa como en época seca que el agua de grifo cumple con los límites máximos establecidos para los parámetros físicos, organolépticos y microbiológicos seleccionados, caso contrario ocurre con los resultados obtenidos en análisis del parámetro químico arsénico ya que 8 grifos que representan el 50% de los grifos muestreados en época seca y los 8 grifos que representan 100% de los grifos muestreados en época lluviosa sobrepasan los límites máximos permisibles de arsénico según la Norma Salvadoreña Obligatoria NSO 13.07.01:08, Agua. Agua potable. Por lo tanto, el agua de grifo de la colonia Los Naranjos de Apopa no es apta para el consumo humano y representa un riesgo a la salud de la población, debido a los niveles elevados de arsénico encontrados en ambos épocas de muestreo. La exposición prolongada al arsénico a través del consumo de agua y alimentos contaminados puede causar cáncer y lesiones cutáneas. Los resultados de esta investigación se dieron a conocer a la Alcaldía Municipal de Apopa a través de un informe.

Cow, farm, and management factors during the dry period that determine the rate of clinical mastitis after calving

The purpose of the research was to investigate cow characteristics, farm facilities, and herd management strategies during the dry period to examine their joint influence on the rate of clinical mastitis after calving. Data were collected over a 2-yr period from 52 commercial dairy farms throughout England and Wales. Cows were separated for analysis into those housed for the dry period (8,710 cow-dry periods) and those at pasture (9,964 cow-dry periods). Multilevel models were used within a Bayesian framework with 2 response variables, the occurrence of a first case of clinical mastitis within the first 30 d of lactation and time to the first case of clinical mastitis during lactation. A variety of cow and herd management factors were identified as being associated with an increased rate of clinical mastitis and these were found to occur throughout the dry period. Significant cow factors were increased parity and at least one somatic cell count ≥200,000 cells/mL in the 90 d before drying off. A number of management factors related to hygiene were significantly associated with an increased rate of clinical mastitis. These included measures linked to the administration of dry-cow treatments and management of the early and late dry-period accommodation and calving areas. Other farm factors associated with a reduced rate of clinical mastitis were vaccination with a leptospirosis vaccine, selection of dry-cow treatments for individual cows within a herd rather than for the herd as a whole, routine body condition scoring of cows at drying off, and a pasture rotation policy of grazing dry cows for a maximum of 2 wk before allowing the pasture to remain nongrazed for a period of 4 wk. Models demonstrated a good ability to predict the farm incidence rate of clinical mastitis in a given year, with model predictions explaining over 85% of the variability in the observed data. The research indicates that specific dry-period management strategies have an important influence on the rate of clinical mastitis during the next lactation.

Cow, farm, and herd management factors in the dry period associated with raised somatic cell counts in early lactation

This study investigated cow characteristics, farm facilities, and herd management strategies during the dry period to examine their joint influence on somatic cell counts (SCC) in early lactation. Data from 52 commercial dairy farms throughout England and Wales were collected over a 2-yr period. For the purpose of analysis, cows were separated into those housed for the dry period (6,419 cow-dry periods) and those at pasture (7,425 cow-dry periods). Bayesian multilevel models were specified with 2 response variables: ln SCC (continuous) and SCC >199,000 cells/mL (binary), both within 30 d of calving. Cow factors associated with an increased SCC after calving were parity, an SCC >199,000 cells/mL in the 60 d before drying off, increasing milk yield 0 to 30 d before drying off, and reduced DIM after calving at the time of SCC estimation. Herd management factors associated with an increased SCC after calving included procedures at drying off, aspects of bedding management, stocking density, and method of pasture grazing. Posterior predictions were used for model assessment, and these indicated that model fit was generally good. The research demonstrated that specific dry-period management strategies have an important influence on SCC in early lactation.

Sporting activities and quality of life in children with hemophilia: An observational study

Sports activities are part of multidisciplinary treatments in people with hemophilia. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of sports activities in the quality of life as perceived by children with hemophilia. Methods: A total of 53 children with hemophilia aged 7 to 13 years and 51 children without hemophilia were evaluated. The perception of quality of life, clinical variables, and the frequency of sports activities were registered. The joint condition of patients with hemophilia was measured with the Spanish version of the Haemophilia Joint Health Score. Results: There were no significant differences in the perception of quality of life between children with hemophilia and children without hemophilia. Sports activities in people with hemophilia promoted a greater health satisfaction. Conclusions: Sports activity in children with hemophilia is associated with an improved quality of life and joint health. It is also associated with improved psychosocial wellness. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. and Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association.

Potencialidades de exportación de carne de bovino de Colombia, en el marco de un posible tratado de libre comercio con Japón

Este proyecto se enfoca hacia la posibilidad de exportar carne de bovino colombiana a Japón, en el marco de un posible tratado de libre comercio. Japón, es un país asiático que posee alta demanda de la misma, sin embargo, su falta de superficie le impide la producción de carne bovina, volviéndose uno de los mayores importadores (puesto 5) a nivel mundial de este producto. En vista de lo anterior, nace la oportunidad para Colombia de convertirse en un viable exportador de carne bovina hacia el país asiático. Todo esto se debe, a que el país cuenta con ventajas como la superficie y el clima, llevándolo a convertirse en un país agrícola con alto potencial y capacidad de producción de carne de bovino. Al realizar el estudio pertinente, se considera que los mayores exportadores del producto hacia Japón son: Australia, Estados Unidos, Nueva Zelandia, Canadá y México, siendo Australia y Estados Unidos los mayores proveedores de Japón. Por ello, se evaluaron estos países como los principales competidores de Colombia, demostrando altas diferencias, dado que Colombia no cuenta con los requerimientos para exportar carne de bovino hacia Japón, por deficiencias en calidad, precio y cantidad.

Para una crítica de la educación democrática

El propósito central de este trabajo consiste en hacer un análisis crítico de la idea de educación democrática. Como hilo conductor se discute la tesis desarrollada por Amy Gutmann, según la cual, la educación democrática tiene como fin garantizar la reproducción consciente de la sociedad. En este contexto, la tesis que se defiende afirma que la educación democrática exige, además de los principios de no represión y la no discriminación desarrollados por Gutmann, un principio de reconocimiento, que articule la orientación de las acciones educativas a fuentes de normatividad asociadas con una interpretación intersubjetivista de la autonomía, de manera que se puedan generar más elementos de juicio, sobre todo, aquellos incorporados en las dimensiones moral, ética, política, legal y social de la persona, al momento de proponer prácticas educativas encaminadas a la formación de una ciudadanía participativa y crítica. Para esto se propone una interpretación que integra las perspectivas deliberativa y agonal de la democracia, se defiende que la expresión clave del ejercicio de la ciudadanía democrática es la participación, que el ejercicio de la participación tiene por condición la realización de la autonomía personal, por lo cual, en la parte final se elabora una lectura intersubjetivista de la autonomía, a partir de los trabajos de Axel Honneth y Rainer Forst.

Impact on hip fracture mortality after the establishment of an orthogeriatric care program in a colombian hospital

El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la mortalidad a un año en pacientes con fractura de cadera, mayores de 65 años tratados en un programa establecido de orto-geriatría. 298 se trataron de acuerdo al protocolo de orto-geriatría, se calculo la mortalidad a un año, se establecieron los predictores de mortalidad orto-geriátrico. La sobrevida anual se incremento de 80% a 89% (p = .039) durante los cuatro años de seguimiento del programa y disminuyo el riesgo de mortalidad anual postoperatorio (Hazard Ratio = 0.54, p = .049). La enfermedad cardiaca y la edad maor a 85 años fueron predictores positivos para mortalidad.