Plastisol foaming process. Decomposition of the foaming agent, polymer behavior in the corresponding temperature range and resulting foam properties

The decomposition of azodicarbonamide, used as foaming agent in PVC—plasticizer (1/1) plastisols was studied by DSC. Nineteen different plasticizers, all belonging to the ester family, two being polymeric (polyadipates), were compared. The temperature of maximum decomposition rate (in anisothermal regime at 5 K min−1 scanning rate), ranges between 434 and 452 K. The heat of decomposition ranges between 8.7 and 12.5 J g−1. Some trends of variation of these parameters appear significant and are discussed in terms of solvent (matrix) and viscosity effects on the decomposition reactions. The shear modulus at 1 Hz frequency was determined at the temperature of maximum rate of foaming agent decomposition, and differs significantly from a sample to another. The foam density was determined at ambient temperature and the volume fraction of bubbles was used as criterion to judge the efficiency of the foaming process. The results reveal the existence of an optimal shear modulus of the order of 2 kPa that corresponds roughly to plasticizer molar masses of the order of 450 ± 50 g mol−1. Heavier plasticizers, especially polymeric ones are too difficult to deform. Lighter plasticizers such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) deform too easily and presumably facilitate bubble collapse.

Detecting implicit expressions of affect in text using EmotiNet and its extensions

In the past years, an important volume of research in Natural Language Processing has concentrated on the development of automatic systems to deal with affect in text. The different approaches considered dealt mostly with explicit expressions of emotion, at word level. Nevertheless, expressions of emotion are often implicit, inferrable from situations that have an affective meaning. Dealing with this phenomenon requires automatic systems to have “knowledge” on the situation, and the concepts it describes and their interaction, to be able to “judge” it, in the same manner as a person would. This necessity motivated us to develop the EmotiNet knowledge base — a resource for the detection of emotion from text based on commonsense knowledge on concepts, their interaction and their affective consequence. In this article, we briefly present the process undergone to build EmotiNet and subsequently propose methods to extend the knowledge it contains. We further on analyse the performance of implicit affect detection using this resource. We compare the results obtained with EmotiNet to the use of alternative methods for affect detection. Following the evaluations, we conclude that the structure and content of EmotiNet are appropriate to address the automatic treatment of implicitly expressed affect, that the knowledge it contains can be easily extended and that overall, methods employing EmotiNet obtain better results than traditional emotion detection approaches.

Propriedade e direito entre os muçulmanos de Portugal: dos bens comuns à gestão do património do rei

El derecho islámico informa de la identidad de los musulmanes del reino portugués, desde el período matricial de su integración hasta finales del siglo XV. De la participación en los moldes de su propia subordinación fiscal y tributaria, a la cuestión del derecho sucesorio, los musulmanes legistas de Lisboa responden a las sucesivas interpelaciones de la Corona, constituyéndose el monarca como el principal beneficiario de esa producción legal. Esta manipulación del poder, el aspecto más visible en la documentación, muestra todo el dominio continuado de ese universo legal y de sus especialistas mudéjares. Aspecto que tendrá lógicamente su resonancia en la vivencia interna de estas comunidades, especialmente en lo que a la propiedad se refiere. El principio de la sunna de la dominación de los bienes colectivos se refleja en los bienes habices y los colectivos (al-Muslimina), aún documentados en el siglo XV. Por otro lado, la propia gestión del patrimonio del rey, en la morería de Lisboa, será dominada, en el mismo período, por una autoridad musulmana, el juez de los derechos reales, contradiciendo la ley canónica y la territorial que prohibía a los infieles ejercer poder sobre los cristianos.

Discreta regente, la austriaca o Doña Virtudes. Las imágenes de María Cristina de Habsburgo

Más allá del mito de la discreta regente de España, María Cristina de Habsburgo ofrece una imagen poliédrica que puede contribuir a calibrar la importancia política, cultural y social de la representación simbólica de la corona. Las imágenes —oficial, de la oposición y populares— de María Cristina son analizadas desde diversas perspectivas: la consolidación de una monarquía en crisis tras el fallecimiento de Alfonso XII pocos años después de la República, la creación de una identidad nacional todavía no afirmada y la conformación de los estereotipos de género en torno al discurso de la separación de esferas. Imágenes que daban respuestas muchas veces divergentes a las circunstancias que distinguían a Maria Cristina de otros monarcas: era regente y no reina por derecho propio, era extranjera pero ocupaba el trono español y era mujer pero desempeñaba la más alta magistratura del país.

Copy of Andrew Croswell's executor's account, 1788 June 2

One-leaf account of the disbursements of the estate of Andrew Croswell presented to the judge of probate for Suffolk County, Massachusetts.

Letter from William Croswell to John Davis, 1818 December 5

Draft of a one-page letter to Judge John Davis regarding a mathematical problem.

Journal concerning the bequest and division of James Winthrop's personal library, 1822-1826

As described in the above biographical note, Winthrop bequeathed most of his library – including his father John Winthrop's books – to the newly established Allegheny College in Pennsylvania. All the books in his library did not go to Allegheny, though, and Winthrop bequeathed over 500 books to two individuals, Thaddeus Mason Harris and Harriet H. Peck. This paper-bound journal contains three lists: one list of all the books which were part of this bequest, with notations indicating their financial value; another list of "Mrs. Peck's part in the division of the legacy" (i.e. the books she selected); and another list of "TM Harris's part of Judge Winthrop's Legacy" (the books he selected). The lists indicate that Peck and Harris chose books from the library on February 3, 1822, and that the few books which remained afterwards were sold by Deacon Hilliard and the profits returned to Peck and Harris.

Some Acct. of Sev'l things relating to the College contain'd in ye Charter Laws &c with references to the originals (manuscript partial copy), [1721 October]

Two octavo-sized leaves with four half-page columns containing a handwritten copy, made by President Leverett, of an October 17, 1721 a paper composed by Nicholas Sever and William Welsteed to Judge Samuel Sewall.

Annotated almanac, 1777

Almanac containing interleaved pages and sporadic annotations on the calendar pages by John Winthrop. The calendar pages are typically annotated with one or two notes at the bottom recording household activities. The interleaved pages contain entries with almost daily notes of social engagements and travel during the year. One interleaved leaf contains short miscellaneous entries about local deaths including the death and funeral of Harvard Tutor John Wadsworth (July 12), Revolutionary war battles, an illness (May 27), a description of changing currency (June 27), Doctor Doddridge's epigram "Dum vivimus vivamus" beginning "'Live while you live,' the Epicure will say...", and a short list of legal activities such as citations and wills performed in Winthrop's capacity as a Judge of Probate.

Annotated almanac, 1779

Almanac containing interleaved pages and sporadic annotations of household activities on the calendar pages by John Winthrop. The front inside cover has some accounting entries. The interleaved pages contain entries with almost daily notes of social engagements and travel for January through May 1, a list of the "Agents in Middlsesx 1779 & Comrs," and a list of citations made in January-April in Winthrop's capacity as a Judge of Probate. There is also a laid-in leaf with some accounting figures.

Annotated almanac, 1776

Almanac with one interleaved page and minimal annotations of household activities on the calendar pages in the hands of John and Hannah Winthrop. The interleaved page contains a monthly accounting for January -December 1776 by John Winthrop of payment received in his capacity as a Judge of Probate. Common entries include "Probat at Concord," "citation,"and "will & warrant."

1794, Triennial catalogues annotated by William Winthrop, 1794-1812.

Leather and marbled hardcover binding. Substantially annotated. The volume consists of pages from the published catalogues pasted into a blank volume. The bulk of the volume is comprised of the printed list of graduate names found in the Triennial Catalogue accompanied by handwritten biographical information, usually a sentence in length. It begins with a handwritten section titled "Settled Ministers (in the first Parish in Cambridge)." The entries generally contain a residence, date of death (abbreviated ob), age of death (abbreviated ae), and professional information. While the 1794 Catalogue comprises the majority of the volume, names were added from Triennial Catalogues through the 1812 edition. An example of an entry, for John Hancock (Harvard AB 1754), reads “Rep. for Boston, Maj. Gen. Militia. Ob. Octo. 8. 1793 AE 57 Son of Rev. John of Brantree [sic]." A March 27, 1798 letter to Judge Richard Cranch (1726-1818) from Jeremy Belknap (1744-1798, Harvard AB 1762) pasted into the back of the volume. Written only two months before his death, Belknap describes his plan to "go thro’ the whole Catalogue of the graduates of Harvard College, & relate all that’s proper to be related." Four leaves of biographical notes for the classes of 1642-1686 towards the beginning of the volume are in a different hand with the note "Rev Dr. Holmes's handwriting."

An Acct of Several things relating to ye Coll: contained in ye Charter Laws &c: w'th references to the Originals (manuscript copy), 1721 October 17

Two folio-sized leaves containing a three-page handwritten report sent by Nicholas Sever and William Welsteed to Judge Samuel Sewall outlining the historical precedence for the Tutors' claims. The body of the text begins, "What we assert in ye first place..."

Vote of the Corporation, 1799 June 10

Two octavo-sized leaves containing a handwritten copy of the vote of the Harvard Corporation during the June 10, 1799 meeting authorizing Judge John Lowell and Judge Oliver Wendell to be a committee to attend to business with the state legislature related to the pending bill before the General Court regarding the College's real estate tax exemptions. The vote also authorized Professor Pearson to work with the Committee as needed. The document is addressed to Professor Pearson and signed by President Willard.

"A list of books borrowed from the former Library & not yet return'd," ca. 1764

Lists books borrowed by many individuals, including Governor William Shirley, Colonel Brinley, General Brattle, Secretary Willard, Judge Danforth, Colonel Wendell, Thomas Oliver, Christ Bridge Marsh, and Francis Foxcroft. Entries include the author and title of the borrowed volumes.