Do real da ciência ao real da psicanálise: a função do ato psicanalítico

Esta dissertação versa sobre três aspectos da relação entre psicanálise e ciência tendo como fio condutor o sujeito da psicanálise. Primeiramente a importância da ciência para a delimitação do estatuto do saber psicanalítico, visando, mais do que decidir sobre o estatuto científico da psicanálise, as condições de sua emergência como um campo de saber e como uma práxis a partir da ciência. Neste primeiro momento da dissertação, seguimos as indicações da posição de Freud em A questão de uma Weltanschauung e a problematização levada a cabo por Lacan no seu Seminário - Livro 11 (Os quatro conceitos fundamentais da psicanálise). Num segundo momento, discutimos o lugar e a função da ciência na constituição da psicanálise ela é sua condição discursiva ou obstáculo? a partir do escrito lacaniano A ciência e a verdade e tomando como contraponto alguns autores que se situam como lacanianos mas que sustentam, contra a posição de Lacan, que a ciência se coloca como obstáculo para a psicanálise. No terceiro e último momento da dissertação, discutimos a diferença do estatuto de real na ciência e na psicanálise utilizando como critério demarcador o ato psicanalítico tal como este último é definido por Lacan no Seminário Livro XV O ato psicanalítico.

A função discursiva de adjetivos na construção da argumentação na crônica de Nelson Rodrigues

Neste trabalho, pretende-se identificar o funcionamento do adjetivo qualificador como elemento capaz de estabelecer e modificar comportamento (s). Nossa hipótese inicial é a de que Nelson Rodrigues (2007) explora a capacidade que apresenta a subclasse qualificador para estabelecer o diálogo com o interlocutor. Constataremos, a partir da análise de sintagmas nominais compostos, em sua maioria, por substantivo abstratoadjetivo, que o adjetivo não só desfaz a abstração presente no substantivo, como também influencia no encaminhamento da proposta a ser compartilhada entre os sujeitos do discurso. Observaremos a relevância do nome para o projeto de argumentação, visto que Nelson Rodrigues estrutura enunciados em que a alternância entre substantivos e adjetivos do mesmo campo lexical é recorrente. Analisaremos a seleção dos adjetivos como recurso utilizado pelo comunicador com vistas à mudança comportamental do interlocutor. Percorreremos a teoria da argumentação a partir de Aristóteles no que se refere à preocupação com a elaboração da forma para construir significado. Constataremos, com base na análise dos sintagmas organizados por Rodrigues, que a seleção lexical, a inversão de estruturas, o rompimento com a norma, todo recurso é válido para a concretização do projeto de fala do escritor

Impact of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) on salmon fisheries in Monterey Bay, California

To assess the impact of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) on salmon fisheries in the Monterey Bay region of California, the percentages of hooked fish taken by sea lions in commercial and recreational salmon fisheries were estimated from 1997 to 1999. Onboard surveys of sea lion interactions with the commercial and recreational f isheries and dockside interviews with fishermen after their return to port were conducted in the ports of Santa Cruz, Moss Landing, and Monterey. Approximately 1745 hours of onboard and dockside surveys were conducted—924 hours in the commercial fishery and 821 hours in the recreational fishery (commercial passenger fishing vessels [CPFVs] and personal skiffs combined). Adult male California sea lions were responsible for 98.4% of the observed depredations of hooked salmon in the commercial and recreational fisheries in Monterey Bay. Mean annual percentages of hooked salmon taken by sea lions ranged from 8.5% to 28.6% in the commercial fishery, 2.2% to 18.36% in the CPFVs, and 4.0% to 17.5% in the personal skiff fishery. Depredation levels in the commercial and recreational salmon fisheries were greatest in 1998—likely a result of the large El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event that occurred from 1997 to 1998 that reduced natural prey resources. Commercial fishermen lost an estimated $18,031−$60,570 of gear and $225,833−$498,076 worth of salmon as a result of interactions with sea lions. Approximately 1.4−6.2% of the available salmon population was removed from the system as a result of sea lion interactions with the fishery. Assessing the impact of a growing sea lion population on fisheries stocks is difficult, but may be necessary for effective fisheries management.

Regularização fundiária urbana de interesse social: a coordenação entre as políticas de urbanismo e de habitação social no Brasil à luz de experiências do direito francês

A regularização fundiária urbana de interesse social só pode ser compreendida juridicamente se considerar-se que, além da legalização da posse ou da propriedade do bem imóvel, ela abrange obrigatoriamente uma série de intervenções urbanísticas fundamentais. Outra premissa necessária ao estudo jurídico é que esta espécie de operação urbana não pode ser compreendida isoladamente, enquanto uma instituição particular, pois ela pressupõe a definição das condições por meio das quais o planejamento urbano e o planejamento habitacional se determinam reciprocamente, favorecendo a concretização de direitos fundamentais. Três valores-base devem inspirar o desenvolvimento desta correlação entre as políticas urbanísticas e as habitacionais, são eles: a moradia como direito fundamental complexo ligado à ideia mais ampla de direito à cidade, a propriedade como direito protegido juridicamente apenas quando observado o princípio da função social da propriedade e a justa distribuição das mais-valias urbanas como princípio reitor da intervenção dos poderes públicos nos espaços urbanos para efetivar uma distribuição mais isonômica do espaço. Com base no contexto normativo brasileiro e a realidade institucional concreta dos Municípios e tendo em vista a experiência francesa a respeito das políticas urbanas e habitacionais, é possível pensar um quadro legal e regimes jurídicos adequados à realização mais eficaz das operações urbanas de regularização fundiária.

Life history and production of Capitella capitata (Polychaeta: Capitellidae) in Río de la Plata Estuary (Argentina)

A benthic survey was carried out from November 1998 to December 1999 in the tidal flats of Bahía Samborombón (Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina), in order to study the population structure, reproductive aspects, growth and secondary production of Capitella capitata (Fabricius, 1780). Growth was analyzed using ELEFAN routine, and the secondary production was estimated by Hynes and Coleman's method (1968). C. capitata did not present periods of very important recruitments throughout the year; however, the abundance of smallest size classes was higher during summer and autumn. The summer cohort showed a growth rate (K) of 2.05 and a seasonal growth oscillation (C) of 0.6, pointing out that worms grew very slowly during winter months. The life span of this cohort was 13 months. The autumn cohort showed a lower growth rate (K= 1.5) and its growth was lowest during winter. The life span was 15 months for this cohort. C. capitata in Punta Rasa presented an extended reproductive period, with absence of activity during winter months. The type of eggs and larvae suggest that C. capitata has benthic larval development in the study area, destining its reproductive effort to the production of a low number of eggs, and assuring larvae survival through incubation in brooding tubes. The annual mean biomass in Punta Rasa was 0.117 g m-2 (AFDW), with a mean secondary production of 0.23 g m-2 y-1 and a P/B ratio of 1.96 y-1. The relatively low density, biomass production and P/B ratio of C. capitata in Punta Rasa can be considered as reference values for this species inhabiting undisturbed or moderately disturbed areas.

O que nos une, o que nos separa: do encontro e da distância na fotografia

A pesquisa desenvolvida parte de um diálogo entre a minha produção artística e uma reflexão teórica sobre fotografia. Reflexão que não se esgota neste trabalho, mas, ao contrário, abre novas brechas para imagens e palavras que virão. O fio condutor da minha produção fotográfica reflete uma forma específica de pensar a fotografia para além da imagem, que eleva a ideia de instante a uma potência de momento fotográfico. A expectação é pensada aqui como uma interação onde surge uma nova relação entre fotógrafo-fotografado. O interesse pelos olhares que atravessam a câmera, além daqueles que, mais tarde, pousarão na superfície da imagem, aproxima esta pesquisa da filosofia de Georges Didi-Huberman, que propõe um diálogo incessante entre o visível e o invisível na imagem e descortina o jogo entre o perto e o distante no olhar. Como a fotografia percorre as distâncias fazendo desse caminho também um encontro? A fotografia é tomada como um elo e também como objeto. Diferentes materialidades da imagem definem diferentes temporalidades. O tempo que ronda o ato fotográfico se alarga e se estreita em função de seus meios de produção. Mauricio Lissovsky aponta a expectação como fator determinante das imagens fotográficas. Suely Rolnik, em suas direções cartográficas sentimentais, guia essa trama fluida, que também se compõe pelo afeto. Miwon Kwon, ao pensar a sensação de instabilidade e não pertencimento, sugere novas formas de relação com o lugar estrangeiro. Hal Foster considera a inserção da arte na vida social uma dimensão intrínseca à prática artística contemporânea. Nesse contexto, localizo a minha pesquisa. Alguns trabalhos de Nan Goldin, Sophie Calle, Rosângela Rennó e Alexandre Sequeira, entre outros artistas e pesquisadores, são trazidos à cena, para compor e perpetuar o delicado jogo de olhares, distâncias, imagens e encontros

Instability in lean premixed combustors

A generalized acoustic equation is used to identify the mechanisms driving combustion instability. The relationship between the unsteady rate of heat release and the flow is found to influence significantly the frequency of oscillation. A kinematic flame model is reviewed and used to describe the unsteady combustion in a premixed ducted flame and in a typical lean premixed industrial gas turbine. Comparison is made between theory and experiment. | A generalized acoustic equation is used to identify the mechanisms driving combustion instability. The relationship between the unsteady rate of heat release and the flow is found to influence significantly the frequency of oscillation. A kinematic flame model is reviewed and used to describe the unsteady combustion in a premixed ducted flame and in a typical lean premixed industrial gas turbine. Comparison is made between theory and experiment.

Analysis and simulation of combustion oscillations in a laboratory spray combustor

The unstable combustion that can occur in combustion chambers is a major problem for aeroengines and ground-based industrial gas turbines. Nowadays, CFD provides a flexible, low cost tool to supplement direct measurement. This paper presents simulations of combustion oscillations in a liquid-fuelled experimental rig at the University of Cambridge. Linear acoustic theory was used to describe the acoustic waves propagating upstream and downstream of the combustion zone and to develop inlet and outlet boundary conditions just upstream and downstream of the combustion region enabling the CFD calculation to be efficiently concentrated on the combustion zone. A combustion oscillation was found to occur with its predicted frequency in good agreement with experimental measurements. More details about the unstable combustion can be obtained from the simulation results. The approach developed here is expected to provide a powerful tool for the design and operation of stable combustion systems. Copyright © 2009 by ASME.

Spray visualisation and acoustic analysis in a gas-turbine type burner

This paper presents the characterisation of self-excited oscillations in a kerosene burner. The combustion instability exhibits two different modes and frequencies depending on the air flow rate. Experimental results reveal the influence of the spray to shift between these two modes. Pressure and heat release fluctuations have been measured simultaneously and the flame transfer function has been calculated from these measurements. The Mie scattering technique has been used to record spray fluctuations in reacting conditions with a high speed camera. Innovative image processing has enabled us to obtain fluctuations of the Mie scattered light from the spray as a temporal signal acquired simultaneously with pressure fluctuations. This has been used to determine a transfer function relating the image intensity and hence the spray fluctuations to changes in air velocity. This function has identified the different role the spray plays in the two modes of instability. At low air flow rates, the spray responds to an unsteady air flow rate and the time varying spray characteristics lead to unsteady combustion. At higher air flow rates, effective evaporation means that the spray dynamics are less important, leading to a different flame transfer function and frequency of self-excited oscillation. In conclusion, the combustion instabilities observed are closely related with the fluctuations of the spray motion and evaporation.

Streamflow and La Niña event relationships in the ENSO-streamflow core areas

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): The high index phase of the Southern Oscillation (SO), La Niña, has not been given as much attention as its counterpart, the low index phase of the SO, El Niño. One reason may be related to the fact that many similarities exist among El Niño events but not among La Niña events. ... In this study, we focus on the influences of La Niña phenomena on streamflow anomalies ... to explore the SO-related signal over the United States.

ENSO and precipitation variability over Mexico during the last 90 years

Latin America has been shown to be susceptible to climatic anomalies during El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events (eg, Aceituno 1988; Ropelewshi and Halpert 1987; Kiladis and Diaz 1989). While these studies have emphasized ENSO-related rainfall and temperature anomalies over Central and South America, less work has been done on the climatic effects of ENSO over the Mexican region. In this study we are investigating interannual and intraseasonal fluctuation in temperature and precipitation over the southwestern United States and Mexico since the turn of the century. We are particularly interested in the effects of ENSO on the interannual variability over this region. This report focuses on the association between ENSO and interannual variability of precipitation over Mexico.

Climate signals in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere

Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and regression analysis are used to investigate zonally averaged seasonal temperature anomaly patterns and trends in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere. The first four EOFs explain 64 percent of the temperature variance and can be related, respectively, to the solar flux (SF) and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), to the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), to atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and turbidity (TB), and to ENSO. The signal of the fourth EOF is modulated in January to March by the solar flux, with the sense of the modulation determined by the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation.

Climatic effects on flood frequency: an example from southern Arizona

EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT): After 1960, the Santa Cruz River at Tucson, Arizona, an ephemeral stream normally dominated by summer floods, experienced an apparent increased frequency of flooding coincident with an increased percentage of annual floods occurring in fall and winter. This shift reflects large-scale and low-frequency changes in the eastern Pacific Ocean, in part associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena. ... Questions are raised about the validity of standard methods of flood-frequency analysis to estimate regulatory and designed floods.

Climate variability and Crater Lake water levels

Crater Lake has fluctuated in elevation by 5 meters during the 20th Century. Reasons for these fluctuations were investigated as part of a long-term study of the Crater Lake ecosystem. Lake level changes were found to be closely related to precipitation variations. The lake can be thought of as acting as both a giant precipitation gage and as a large evaporation "pan". Winter snowfall variations are related to variations in the Southern Oscillation Index. Crater Lake offers a unique combination of simple geometry and hydrology, and a long record of supporting data, available nowhere else in the world for a caldera lake.

Climate forcing of Pacific herring recruitment and growth in southern British Columbia

Over the last 50 years, much of the variability in ocean climate and herring recruitment has occurred at two dominant periods centered around 5 and 16 years. Herring growth has also exhibited a dominant 5- and 18-year periodicity. A recent analysis of a number of relevant time series suggests that interannual variations in oceanic conditions off the west coast of Vancouver Island affect survival of herring and their principal predator, Pacific hake, which also exhibits a marked 16-year oscillation in abundance. Thus the dynamics of the herring stock are modulated by a combination of climate and predator forcing. Much of the interannual variation in herring growth is centered around the 5-year (moderate ENSO period) and 16-year (strong ENSO period) ocean climate oscillations and the 16-year recruitment oscillation.