Economic assessment of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) hatchery industry in Panay Island, Philippines

Results of the economic assessment of shrimp hatchery industry in Panay Island, Philippines are presented. In order to ensure continuous viability of hatcheries, the critical areas of concern are: financing of operating capital and improvement of facilities; collective marketing efforts through cooperatives; updating of technology especially in disease prevention and control; and diversification strategies.

Economic exploitation in the Philippine small pelagic fishery and implications for management

Causes and impact of the Philippine small pelagic fishery sector problems are presented together with the proposed solutions from fisheries and external sectors. The results of the biological and economic analysis of the small pelagic fishery in the Philippines lead to two conclusions: First, small pelagic fish stocks are subjected to levels of fishing effort far beyond that necessary to generate Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) let alone Maximum Economic Yield (MEY). Second, and as a result, both sectors are sustaining economic losses (negative economic rents) implying inefficiencies in the use of labor and capital in the small pelagic fishery. Solutions to the problems of overexploitation will rest not only within the fishery sector, but, more importantly, in sectors outside its traditional realm. The underlying causes of fisheries resource over exploitation are also discussed.

A low-level geographic information system for coastal zone management with applications to Brunei Darussalam: Part III:: simulation and tracking oil spills

B:RUN is a low-level GIS software designed to help formulate options for the management of the coastal zone of Brunei Darussalam. This contribution presents the oil spill simulation module of B:RUN. This simple module, based largely on wind and sea surface current vector parameters, may be helpful in formulating relevant oil spill contingency plans. It can be easily adapted to other areas, as can the B:RUN software itself.

Seaweed-based economic activities in Lombok and Bali, Indonesia

Seaweed production is an important secondary, activity for fishers in eastern Indonesia. In Lombok and Bali, however, it is a major enterprise involving whole village communities in a range of activities from trading to tourism.

Economic seaweed resources and their management in eastern Indonesia

The article focuses on the economic seaweed resources and production in eastern Indonesia and how the fishers in the country adjust their system in managing the resources. Particular attention is given to seaweed which can be used as materials for producing carageenan and agar; most carrageenophyte species explored in eastern Indonesia belong to the genera Kappaphycus and Eucheuma; and seaweeds that produce agar belong to families Gelidiaceae and Gracilariaceae.

Economic incentives for water resource management in the Pak Phanang river basin of southern Thailand

The study examines the existing water allocation methods and other policies that provide constraints or incentives for the most efficient use of water resources. Given the production condition of the local people, and the technical and physical attributes of water resources, the principal hypothesis of this study is that the benefits obtained from fresh water resources in the study area can be improved through better resource management.

O empreendedorismo urbano na cidade do Rio de Janeiro: o Porto Maravilha e a consolidação de gestão estratégica

Ao longo das últimas décadas as cidades emergiram e se consolidaram no cenário mundial como protagonistas de nosso tempo num processo que envolve a reestruturação produtiva do capitalismo e o paradigma da globalização. As cidades passaram a ser cada vez mais o lócus da modernização do capital, o espaço necessário de sua produção e reprodução. Para legitimar este papel das cidades como novos atores políticos, o empreendedorismo urbano foi elencado enquanto um novo modelo de gestão que tem se difundido por diversas cidades sob o argumento de que apenas uma gestão urbana baseada na eficiência, na flexibilidade e nas parcerias público-privadas seriam capazes de superar a crise urbana e recolocar de forma competitiva as cidades no circuito dos fluxos globais. Entre as cidades que adotaram esta forma de governança urbana está o Rio de Janeiro, que desde os anos 90 através da confecção de um planejamento estratégico, tem buscado sua inserção no processo de modernização capitalista. Para isso tem se utilizado da imagem de cidade olímpica, amistosa e receptiva para os negócios e para o turismo, mas acima de tudo, tem renovado seu espaço urbano por meio de diversos projetos e intervenções pontuais, como o projeto Porto Maravilha, por exemplo. Tendo em vista esta realidade, este trabalho objetiva compreender o empreendedorismo urbano na cidade do Rio de Janeiro enquanto uma estratégia de ação que busca legitimar a parceria do setor público com o setor privado e concretizar um conjunto de políticas voltado para a renovação e valorização urbana pontual e fragmentada. Em vista dos diferentes projetos urbanos que estão sendo desenvolvidos atualmente na cidade, especialmente devido à realização da Copa do Mundo em 2014 e dos Jogos Olímpicos em 2016, o projeto Porto Maravilha foi escolhido como exemplo concreto dessa nova governança urbana por estar baseado nos pressupostos do empresariamento urbano. Para alcançar o objetivo da dissertação, estão sendo utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias, autores basilares para os conceitos aqui utilizados, publicações recentes sobre a temática e idas à campo na Zona Portuária para acompanhamento do andamento do projeto. Os resultados da análise contida nesta dissertação caminham para a confirmação de que o modelo de empreendedorismo urbano foi adotado pela coalização gestora da cidade para legitimar a reestruturação capitalista do espaço através de um projeto de cidade centrado na parceria público-privada e em políticas públicas que favorecem determinados setores econômicos promovendo uma urbanização fragmentada e seletiva, corroborado pelo exemplo do Porto Maravilha.

Comparison of some traits of economic importance in tilapias (Orechromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus) with particular reference to their culture in Ghana

This study was conducted to determine which of the two major tilapia species in freshwater capture fisheries in Ghana, Oreochromis niloticus or Sarotherodon galilaeus, is more suitable for breed improvement and pond culture. It compares traits of economic importance, including seed output, specific growth rate, survival and sex ratios following androgen sex reversal. The results of the study showed that the aquaculture potential of S. galilaeus compares favorably with that of O. niloticus. However, S. galilaeus may be preferred because the males and females have an equal growth rate, which allows for manual sorting to raise both sexes in monosex culture, an inexpensive appropriate technology that an ordinary smallscale fish farmer can apply.

Economic policies and the sustainable development of coastal resources in the Philippines

The link between environmental trends and economic policies is examined. The assessment of the past and present economic policies affecting the use of coastal resources in the Philippines showed that these policies have accelerated the rate of degradation of coastal resources. The current situation demands not only the reorientation of economic policies, but also other related actions to attain sustainable development of coastal resources.

A Low-level Geographic Information System for coastal zone management, with applications to Brunei Darussalam: Part I: The concept and its design elements

This contribution is the first part of a four-part series documenting the development of B:RUN, a software program which reads data for common spreadsheets and presents them as low-resolution maps of slates and processes. The program emerged from a need which arose during a project in Brunei Darussalam for a 'low level' approach for researchers to communicate findings as efficiently and expeditiously as possible. Part I provides a overview of the concept and design elements of B:RUN. Part II will highlight results of the economics components of the program evaluating different fishing regimes, sailing distances from ports and fleet operating costs. Environmental aspects will be presented in Part III in the form of overlay maps. Part IV will summarize the implications of B:RUN results to coastal and fishery resources management in Brunei Darussalam and show how this approach can be adapted to other coastlines and used as a teaching and training tool. The following three parts will be published in future editions of Naga, the ICLARM Quarterly. The program is available through ICLARM.

Determinants of women's economic participation in the small-scale fisheries sector, Peninsular Malaysia

This paper specifically examines the main determinants of women participation in income-earning activities in Peninsular Malaysian small scale fisheries.

Extending the Bajo de Sico, Puerto Rico, Seasonal Closure: An Examination of Small-scale Fishermen’s Perceptions of Possible Socio-economic Impacts on Fishing Practices, Families, and Community

Despite considerable conservation efforts, many reef fish fisheries around the world continue to be in peril. Many are vulnerable to overexploitation because they have predictable and highly aggregated spawning events. In U.S. Caribbean waters, fishery managers are increasingly interested in advancing the use of closed areas as a means for rebuilding reef fisheries, protecting coral reef habitats, and furthering ecosystem-based management while maintaining the sustained participation of local fishing communities. This study details small-scale fishermen’s views on the Caribbean Fishery Management Council’s proposals to lengthen the current Bajo de Sico seasonal closure off the west coast of Puerto Rico to afford additional protection to snapper-grouper spawning populations and associated coral reef habitats. Drawing on snowball sampling techniques, we interviewed 65 small-scale fishermen who regularly operate in the Bajo de Sico area. Snowball sampling is a useful method to sample difficult-to-find populations. Our analysis revealed that the majority of the respondents opposed a longer seasonal closure in the Bajo de Sico area, believing that the existing 3-month closure afforded ample protection to reef fish spawning aggregations and that their gear did not impact deep-water corals in the area. Whilst fishermen’s opposition to additional regulations was anticipated, the magnitude of the socio-economic consequences described was unexpected. Fishermen estimated that a year round closure would cause their gross household income to fall between 10% and 80%, with an average drop of 48%. Our findings suggest that policy analysts and decision-makers should strive to better understand the cumulative impacts of regulations given the magnitude of the reported socio-economic impacts; and, more importantly, they should strive to enhance the existing mechanisms by which fishermen can contribute their knowledge and perspectives into the management process.