不同积分变分原理的统一

依据定量因果原理的数学表示,统一地导出了Lagrange量中含坐标关于时间一阶、二阶导数的积分型的Hamilton原理、Voss原理、Hlder原理和Maupertuis-Lagrange原理等,给出了这些原理的本质联系和统一描述.得出f0=0并不是通常的保持Euler-Lagrange方程不变的结果,而是满足定量因果原理的结果.还得出Lagrange量的所有的积分型变分原理等价地对应于两类满足定量因果原理的不变形式.同时发现所有积分型变分原理的运动方程都是Euler-Lagrange方程,但不同条件的变分原理所对应的不同群G作用下的守恒量是不同的.从而可对过去众多零散的积分型变分原理有一个系统和深入的理解,并使这些变分原理自然地成为定量因果原理的推论.

热峰模型在聚碳酸酯非晶化潜径迹中的应用

为了描述快重离子在聚合物中的潜径迹行为 ,用不同能量的快重离子 (1 15 8GeVFe56 ,1 75 5GeVXe1 36 及 2 6 36GeVU2 38)辐照叠层半结晶聚碳酸酯膜 (MakrofolKG型 ) ,结合x射线衍射测量技术 ,在较宽的电子能损 (1 9— 17 1keV nm)和离子注量 (5× 10 1 0 — 3× 10 1 2 cm- 2 )范围研究了离子在半结晶聚碳酸酯中引起的非晶化过程 .应用径迹饱和模型假设 (损伤过程只发生在面积为σ的柱形径迹内 ) ,分别给出了Fe,Xe和U离子在不同电子能损下辐照聚碳酸酯时的平均非晶化径迹半径 .用热峰模型对实验结果进行了检验 ,结果表明Szenes的热峰模型较好地描述了离子在聚合物中的潜径迹行为 .

The earliest archaeobiological evidence of the broadening agriculture in China recorded at Xishanping site in Gansu Province

IEECAS SKLLQG

Magnets for HIRFL-CSR rings

The magnet design, fabrication, and measurement of HIRFL-CSR (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou Cooling Storage Ring) are presented. All magnets will be laminated And welded with an armor-coated surface between two big endplates made of sticking glue 0.5 mm-thick sheets. The dipole of CSRm was chosen an H type with an air circle on the pole to improve the field uniformity. The dipole of CSRe was chosen the C type with an air circle and two air slots on the pole to improve the field homogeneity. Its reproducibility of magnet to magnet was adjusted with inserting small laminating pieces before demountable pole ends to reach less than +/- 2 x 10(-4) at optimized field level. CSRm quadrupoles diameter is 170 mm and has two different lengths, and its endplates were made with punching pieces after coating with epoxy glue, there is chamfered directly on the pole ends to reduce 12th-order contribution of field and without the demountable pole ends. CSRe main quadrupoles diameter is 240 mm and has two different lengths, and its endplates were also made with punching pieces coated with epoxy glue, there is also chamfered directly on the pole ends to reduce 12th-order contribution of field like CSRm.

Unified expressions of all integral variational principles

In terms of the quantitative causal principle, this paper obtains a general variational principle, gives unified expressions of the general, Hamilton, Voss, Holder, Maupertuis-Lagrange variational principles of integral style, the invariant quantities of the general, Voss, Holder, Maupertuis-Lagrange variational principles are given, finally the Noether conservation charges of the general, Voss, Holder, Maupertuis-Lagrange variational principles axe deduced, and the intrinsic relations among the invariant quantities and the Noether conservation charges of all the integral variational principles axe achieved.

Microcalorimetric and IR spectroscopic studies of CO adsorption on molybdenum nitride catalysts

The adsorption of CO on both nitrided and reduced passivated Mo(2)N catalysts in either alumina supported or unsupported forms was studied by adsorption microcalorimetry and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The CO is adsorbed on nitrided Mo(2)N catalysts on three different surface sites: 4-fold vacancies, Mo(delta+) ( 0 < delta < 2) and N sites, with differential heats of CO adsorption decreasing in the same order. The presence of the alumina-support affects the energetic distribution of the adsorption sites on the nitrided Mo(2)N, i.e. weakens the CO adsorption strength on the different sites and changes the fraction of sites adsorbing CO in a specific form, revealing that the alumina supported Mo(2)N phase shows lower electron density than pure Mo(2)N. On reduced passivated Mo(2)N catalysts the CO was found to adsorb mainly on Mo(4+) sites, although some slightly different surface Mo(delta+) d (0 < delta < 2) sites are also detected. The nature, density and distribution of surface sites of reduced passivated Mo(2)N/gAl(2)O(3) were similar to those on reduced MoO(3)/gamma-Al(2)O(3).

土壤有机质模型的比较分析

土壤有机质作为土壤C库,其含量和动态变化对全球C循环、土壤肥力、土壤质量和健康起着重要作用.SOM模型利用经验性的假设和已有数据对土壤有机质含量和动态变化进行模拟,尤其是可以对无法取得足够必要数据的试验进行模拟,所以SOM模型成为定量研究土壤有机质积累分解的重要手段.利用SOM模型有助于对土壤有机质分解机理的研究,并且可通过SOM模型对土壤CO2排放量、植物生产量进行预测,同时也可对农业管理措施做出评估.文中对几种SOM模型进行了概述,尤其对有影响的RothC模型和CENTURY模型进行了比较分析。

SARS对中国入境旅游人数影响的研究

今年爆发的SARS对中国旅游业冲击很大。本文利用双变量ARIMA模型,结合突发事件后人的心理发展变化曲线研究本次突发事件对入境旅游人数的影响。根据同类事件旅游心理恢复期的研究,结合中国实际情况,笔者讨论了恢复期分别为12、18、24个月时,SARS对入境旅游人数的影响。当恢复期为12个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1796%,入境旅游人数共减少238493万人次;当恢复期为18个月时,入境旅游同比增长率平均降幅为1707%,入境旅游人数共减少311703万人次;当恢复期为24个月时,入境旅游同比增长率

Calculating the equation of state parameters and predicting the spinodal curve of isotactic polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-octene) blend by molecular dynamics simulations combined with Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory

Molecular dynamics simulations are adopted to calculate the equation of state characteristic parameters P*, rho*, and T* of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and poly(ethylene-co-octene) (PEOC), which can be further used in the Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory (SLLFT) to describe the respective physical properties. The calculated T* is a function of the temperature, which was also found in the literature. To solve this problem, we propose a Boltzmann fitting of the data and obtain T* at the high-temperature limit. With these characteristic parameters, the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data of iPP and PEOC are predicted by the SLLFT equation of state. To justify the correctness of our results, we also obtain the PVT data for iPP and PEOC by experiments. Good agreement is found between the two sets of data. By integrating the Euler-Lagrange equation and the Cahn-Hilliard relation, we predict the density profiles and the surface tensions for iPP and PEOC, respectively. Furthermore, a recursive method is proposed to obtain the characteristic interaction energy parameter between iPP and PEOC. This method, which does not require fitting to the experimental phase equilibrium data, suggests an alternative way to predict the phase diagrams that are not easily obtained in experiments.

Alternate assemblies of thionine and Au-nanoparticies on an amino functionalized surface

Photoactive and electroactive thionine dyes have been introduced in high-surface-area surface-confined Au-nanoparticle superstructures by layer-by-layer deposition techniques.