Exposure of the Swiss population by medical x-rays: 2008 review.

Nationwide surveys on radiation dose to the population from medical radiology are recommended in order to follow the trends in population exposure and ensure radiation protection. The last survey in Switzerland was conducted in 1998, and the annual effective dose from medical radiology was estimated to be 1 mSv y(-1) per capita. The purpose of this work was to follow the trends in diagnostic radiology between 1998 and 2008 in Switzerland and determine the contribution of different modalities and types of examinations to the collective effective dose from medical x-rays. For this reason, an online database (www.raddose.ch) was developed. All healthcare providers who hold a license to run an x-ray unit in the country were invited to participate in the survey. More than 225 examinations, covering eight radiological modalities, were included in the survey. The average effective dose for each examination was reassessed. Data from about 3,500 users were collected (42% response rate). The survey showed that the annual effective dose was 1.2 mSv/capita in 2008. The most frequent examinations are conventional and dental radiographies (88%). The contribution of computed tomography was only 6% in terms of examination frequency but 68% in terms of effective dose. The comparison with other countries showed that the effective dose per capita in Switzerland was in the same range as in other countries with similar healthcare systems, although the annual number of examinations performed in Switzerland was higher.

Organogênese de explante foliar de clones de Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos reguladores de crescimento TDZ [1-fenil-3-(1,2,3-tia-diazol-5-il)uréia], BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) e ANA (ácido naftalenoacético) no desempenho da propagação in vitro por organogênese de explante foliar de três clones híbridos de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla. Houve resposta diferenciada dos clones quanto a intensidade, textura e coloração dos calos, em razão dos tratamentos com os reguladores de crescimento. Os melhores resultados de calejamento dos três genótipos foram observados nos tratamentos com a combinação dos reguladores de crescimento TDZ (0,5 mg L-1) e ANA (0,1 mg L-1), obtendo-se 100% de calejamento no explante foliar. Os piores resultados de calejamento foram observados nos tratamentos com a combinação dos reguladores de crescimento BAP (0,1 mg L-1) e ANA (0,1 mg L-1). Em relação à regeneração, a melhor resposta foi obtida com 1,0 mg L-1 BAP em que 8% dos calos formados a partir de explantes foliares regeneraram gemas, com número médio destas formadas por calo igual a 4,2.

Remorin, a solanaceae protein resident in membrane rafts and plasmodesmata, impairs potato virus X movement.

Remorins (REMs) are proteins of unknown function specific to vascular plants. We have used imaging and biochemical approaches and in situ labeling to demonstrate that REM clusters at plasmodesmata and in approximately 70-nm membrane domains, similar to lipid rafts, in the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane. From a manipulation of REM levels in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants, we show that Potato virus X (PVX) movement is inversely related to REM accumulation. We show that REM can interact physically with the movement protein TRIPLE GENE BLOCK PROTEIN1 from PVX. Based on the localization of REM and its impact on virus macromolecular trafficking, we discuss the potential for lipid rafts to act as functional components in plasmodesmata and the plasma membrane.

Sequence similarity between the viral cp gene and the transgene in transgenic papayas

The Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) coat protein transgene present in 'Rainbow' and 'SunUp' papayas disclose high sequence similarity (>89%) to the cp gene from PRSV BR and TH. Despite this, both isolates are able to break down the resistance in 'Rainbow', while only the latter is able to do so in 'SunUp'. The objective of this work was to evaluate the degree of sequence similarity between the cp gene in the challenge isolate and the cp transgene in transgenic papayas resistant to PRSV. The production of a hybrid virus containing the genome backbone of PRSV HA up to the Apa I site in the NIb gene, and downstream from there, the sequence of PRSV TH was undertaken. This hybrid virus, PRSV HA/TH, was obtained and used to challenge 'Rainbow', 'SunUp', and an R2 population derived from line 63-1, all resistant to PRSV HA. PRSV HA/TH broke down the resistance in both papaya varieties and in the 63-1 population, demonstrating that sequence similarity is a major factor in the mechanism of resistance used by transgenic papayas expressing the cp gene. A comparative analysis of the cp gene present in line 55-1 and 63-1-derived transgenic plants and in PRSV HA, BR, and TH was also performed.

Observations sur les articles IX & X du titre III du projet de décret du comité ecclésiastique sur la Constitution du clergé ([Reprod.]) / par un député à l'Assemblée nationale

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 8.167

Eficiência bioeconômica de cordeiros F1 Dorper x Santa Inês para produção de carne

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência bioeconômica de cordeiros F1 Dorper x Santa Inês para produção de carne. Analisou-se o desempenho de ovinos ½ sangue Dorper x ½ sangue Santa Inês, nas fases de cria e de acabamento. A fase de produção das crias foi realizada em caatinga nativa e a fase de acabamento em confinamento. As matrizes foram suplementadas nos últimos 50 dias de prenhez e nos primeiros 30 dias de lactação. As crias foram desmamadas aos 70 dias de idade, divididas em três lotes e confinadas, alimentadas com capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) ad libitum e concentrado na proporção de 1,5%, 2,5% e 3,5% do peso vivo, respectivamente. O sexo não exerceu influência sobre os pesos no nascimento, no desmame, nem sobre o ganho em peso até o desmame. Não foi observada influência do sexo sobre os pesos e os ganhos em peso aos 30 e 50 dias de confinamento. Nas fases de produção e acabamento em confinamento, os animais de nascimento simples foram superiores aos de nascimento duplo quanto a essas variáveis. Houve efeito linear significativo para peso e ganho em peso aos 30 e 50 dias de confinamento. Os três níveis de uso de concentrado foram economicamente viáveis. As margens brutas de peso vivo, por kg de cordeiro produzido, foram de R$ 0,26 kg-1, R$ 0,30 kg-1 e R$ 0,36 kg-1 para concentrados a 1,5%, 2,5% e 3,5% do peso vivo, respectivamente. Os melhores resultados econômicos foram obtidos quando o nível de concentrado foi de 3,5% do peso vivo.

Résumé complet d'hygiène privée, ou Exposition des moyens propres à maintenir les fonctions de nutrition, de relation et de génération, dans le meilleur état de santé possible ,... par M. le Dr Meirieu ; revu par M. le Dr Léon Simon

Collection : Encyclopédie portative, 1re division, 16e livraison