Método de pontos interiores no planejamento ótimo do tratamento de câncer por radioterapia

The Medical Physics has been developing very fast due to the progress of the technologies and to the increase of the concerns with cure of diseases. One of the Medical Physics main performances at the present time is the use of ionizing radiations for cancer treatment, especially, services as Radiotherapy. The radiotherapy technique uses ionizing radiation with therapeutic end of cancer controls, avoiding your proliferation and it worsens of the patient. For the treatment a radiation bunch is used, with rectangular form, that it passes through the different types of tissues of the patient's body, and depending on the attenuation and of the depth of the fabrics, a great amount of energy is deposited inside in different points of the body. Like this, to plan this treatment type it should be obtained the dimension of the distribution and dose absorption along the volume. For this, it is necessary in the planning of the treatment of the cancer for radiotherapy to build isodose curves, which are lines that represent points of same amount of dose to be deposited in the area to be treated. To aid the construction of the curves of form isodose to reach the best result in the planning of the treatment, in other words, a great planning, providing the maximum of dose in the tumor and saving the healthy and critical organs, it has been using mathematical tools and computational. A plan of cancer treatment for radiotherapy is considered great when all the parameters that involve the treatment, be them physical or biological, they were investigated and adapted individually for the patient. For that, is considered the type and the location of the tumor, worrying about the elimination of the cancer without damaging the healthy tissue of the treated area, mainly the risk organs, which are in general very sensitive to the radiations. This way, the optimization techniques... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Utilização da acupuntura no tratamento de cães com discopatia intervertebral

The intervertebral disc diseases have a high casuistic in clinical routines veterinary among dogs. These conditions can cause pain, paresis or paralysis of limbs depending on the degree of injury. Clinical signs are not limited to the intervertebral disc, other anatomical parts are included. In conventional medicine, treatment may be surgical or clinical, by the use of corticosteroids with muscle relaxants. Acupuncture was an alternative to treating these diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Although there are few studies for the treatment of discopathies, acupuncture triggers the release of substances such as dynorphins, beta-endorphins and serotonin, among others; that act inhibiting somatic and visceral pain. Electroacupuncture is used to potentiate the effects of acupuncture. It can be performed with different frequencies according to the clinical evolution. However there are different opinions related to the greater efficacy in relation to acupuncture. The restraint and monitoring of the treated animal are important factors for its recovery. The association between acupuncture and conventional treatment (surgical or clinical) achieved better results than acupuncture alone. This proves that acupuncture can be considered an option in order to minimize the complications of surgery or assist in patient recovery

Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de espécies vegetais utilizadas em doenças do trato digestório: Baccharis trimera (LESS.) DC. E Casearia sylvestris Swartz

Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC. Asteraceae e Casearia sylvestris Swartz Salicaceae são plantas nativas do Brasil e de uso tradicional em doenças do trato digestório. Seus extratos e substâncias purificadas apresentaram diversas atividades farmacológicas (ex.antiulcerogênica, antimicrobiana) e baixa toxicidade. O Helicobacter pylori (bacilo gram-negativo) coloniza o estômago humano, associada ao maior risco de incidência de várias doenças (úlceras pépticas, linfomas e adenocarcinomas gástricos). Com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de diferentes extratos, frações e substâncias de ambas as plantas medicinais, extratos de partes aéreas de B. trimera e de folhas de C. sylvestris foram preparados utilizando-se técnicas de maceração, obtendo-se o extrato acetato de etila e etanólico de C. sylvestris e acetato de etila, etanólico, etanol 70% e hexânico de B. trimera. Estes foram fracionados e analisados por técnicas cromatográficas. Os extratos e suas frações e substâncias foram submetidos a ensaios para avaliação da atividade antibacteriana para a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). O método utilizado para os ensaios foi a diluição em microplacas usando as bactérias Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. A partir do fracionamento do extrato acetato de etila de B. trimera e do extrato etanólico de C. sylvestris foram obtidas oito frações distintas do EAcBt e a fração de diterpenos do EEtCs. A análise em CCD demonstrou a presença de casearina X, B e caseargrewiina F na fração de diterpenos (EFSCs2). Os extratos da B. trimera EAcBt, EEtBt e EEt70Bt e da C. sylvestris EAcCs e EEtCs apresentaram atividade anti-H. pylori, com valores de CIM de 250, 500, 500, 125 e 750 g/mL, respectivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Uma avaliação do uso do NCRP 151 na realidade brasileira

Medical Physics is an interdisciplinary field that applies concepts and laws of physics in medical practices. Currently, one of its main applications is the use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of oncological diseases. Due to its wide use and highly dangerous, many of radioprotection procedures should be adopted with the objective of protecting human beings from harmful effects of radiation. Thus, you can better enjoy the benefits that the practice can offer. The methodology proposed by the National Council on Radiation Protection 151 (NCRP 151), relates technical information necessary to Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X- and Gamma- Ray Radiotherapy Facilities. However, many parameters used to calculate the shield are based on estimates only, and it is an international standard that may not be adequate to the Brazilian reality. Thus, the central idea of this study is the collection of data from the routine of the Radiotherapy Service of the Real e Benemérita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência, in particular equipment cobalt therapy Theratron 780 (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd.) and the linear accelerator Varian Clinac 2100C for measurement of workload, number of patients, fields, and dose factors to determine the best use of barrier protection. Furthermore, this work features a profile of radiotherapy treatments carried out closer to the Brazilian reality

Avaliação da auto-suficiência energética de reatores anaeróbios no tratamento de esgoto sanitário e água cinza

The anaerobic treatment of sewage is widely employed in Brazil and it is an appreciated way for the treatment of effluents, helping to reduce the environmental impact in rivers. The methane gas obtained from the process can be applied to improve the energetic efficiency of the system, reducing the amount of waste and the cost of the treatment process. This work presents the net energy balance of anaerobic reactors applied to the treatment of sewage. The analysis was performed considering full-scale and laboratory-scale treatment systems. In laboratory scale, the results from three kinds of systems were compared regarding the biological treatment of greywater. Two of them (UASB7 and UASB12) were anaerobic and the other one was a combined anaerobic-aerobic system (UASB7/SBR6). Greywater methanization (compared to theoretical maximum) was calculated considering 100% removal (g BOD/day), the literature percentage removal and the anionic surfactant presence in the effluentt. For each of these three cases, the efficiencies were, respectively, 16.9%, 43.6% and 51.3% in UASB7 reactor, 25.6%, 50.3% and 59.2% in UASB12 reactor and 30.6%, 61.2% and 71.9% in UASB7/SBR6 reactor. The energetic potential was found to be 4.66x10-4, 7.77x10-4 and 5.12x10-4 kWh/L for the UASB7, UASB12 and UASB7/SBR6 reactors, respectively. The pumping system, the aeration (in the anaerobic-aerobic system) and the temperature controlled heating system were considered to calculate the energetic consumption. However, the third one was not employed since tropical regions like Brazil do not need heating systems and also because of its high energetic consumption. The calculated net energy balance in the reactors was negative in the case of greywater, respectively -0.16, -0.28 and -0.18 kWh/L for the reactors UASB7, UASB12 and UASB7/SRB6. In full scale (ETE Jardim das Flores - Rio Claro, SP), the average energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Busca de fitofármacos com potencial atividade contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis a partir de óleos essenciais

A Tuberculose é um problema grave de Saúde Pública em todo o mundo, causada pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis e considerada a principal causa de morte entre as doenças infecto-contagiosas. Cerca de 80% da população infectada habitam países subdesenvolvidos, onde o Brasil ocupa a 19ª posição entre os países mais afetados. Embora existam agentes anti-tuberculosos, que são razoavelmente eficazes no tratamento da tuberculose, há uma crescente prevalência de cepas resistentes à multiplos fármacos devido principalmente ao abandono do tratamento.Outros fatores como a co-infecção HIV/TB e a infecção com bactéria em estado de latência denotam a necessidade em se buscar novos fármacos contra TB. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a atividade antimicrobiana do óleo extraído da planta Hedychium coronarium e seus marcadores fitoquímicos frente ao M. tuberculosis utilizando a técnica de Rezasurin Microtiter Assay (REMA), que utiliza como revelador a resazurina. Com a técnica de REMA pudemos verificar a atividade dos óleos essenciais de H. coronarium e seus marcadores fitoquímicos frente ao M. tuberculosis. Futuros estudos buscando o isolamento de compostos a partir desses óleos e testá-los para a verificação de suas atividades anti-tuberculose, é válido e deve ser encorajado, pois existem características antimicrobianas promissoras e é interessante que se realize estudos de sinergismo com outros compostos naturais, podendo assim dar continuidade na busca de novos fitofármacos na luta contra a tuberculose

Deficiência de Cobalto em Ruminantes no Brasil

Cobalt is a essential microelement for the metabolismo of ruminants. Its deficiency leads to decreased levels of vitamin B12 and, consequently, non propionic acid metabolism. Thus, there will be no gliconeogenes and animals have defict glucose, and other tramadol dosing as apathy, alitriofagia, and decrease in production. It is a disease that affects catthe, of economic importance in Brazil, wich is related to the of the soilcomposition

Atenção farmacêutica: adesão ao tratamento

O trabalho se baseia em uma revisão bibliográfica de trabalhos da literatura que abordam o tema adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, a efetividade do tratamento é caracterizada pela relação estabelecida em uma atmosfera na qual as alternativas terapêuticas são exploradas, o regime terapêutico é negociado, a adesão é discutida e o acompanhamento planejado. Para a manutenção da adesão ao tratamento, o paciente precisa ser esclarecido e auxiliado quanto suas próprias decisões. Além disso, é imprescindível entender as características do indivíduo, do processo de atendimento à saúde e de aspectos referentes aos elementos envolvidos. Portanto, faz-se necessário o conhecimento do farmacêutico sobre a importância da realização de intervenções personalizadas e com divisões de responsabilidades, que juntamente com a mudança de comportamento do profissional de saúde e com a existência de um sistema de saúde que garanta o acesso aos recursos terapêuticos irão contribuir para o aumento da adesão. Neste trabalho, a adesão ao tratamento em doenças crônicas tais como diabetes, epilepsia, hipertensão, tuberculose, e HIV/AIDS é avaliada, assim como as possíveis intervenções que visam o aumento da adesão e, consequentemente, proporcionam uma melhor qualidade de vida para o paciente.

Influência do Luar nas Atividades de Emergência e Retorno ao Abrigo do Morcego Hematófago Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) no Sudeste do Brasil: subtitulo

The common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus has as main food source blood of medium and large sizes mammals, but sporadically is observed feeding on birds, causing occasionally excessive bleeding and economic losses. Due to this D. rotundus is one of the most studied species of bats in the Americas. Once known that the lunar clarity might influence the nocturnal activities of the common vampire bats, the present study was carried out to know the behavior and schedules of emergencies and returns of bats to the shelter, its social behavior at the shelter´s entrance, especially of the dominant male, and the size and composition of the colony in different moon phases. The colony was composed by 105 individuals (65 females and 40 males) harboring in a hollow-tree of Farm Edgardia in Botucatu Municipality, State of São Paulo. Through the eight filming sessions, two for each moon phase, it was possible to observe that the distribution of emergences and returns to the shelter thought the night followed a specific pattern for each moon phase. The greatest number of emerging bats occurred in periods in which the moon was not born yet and the largest number of returns just before moon has been reached its maximum level in the sky. Therefore, the time period that bats are staying outside the shelter seems to be directly influenced by lunar light. This factor can influence the social activity of the colony and, in particular, the dominant male, who remains still on tree’s trunk, near the entrance of the shelter with greater frequency during periods of low moon light

Diagnóstico e tratamento de doença policística renal em gatos

The policystycal kidney disease that's a disease congenital autossomal dominant , no connected with the sex , what affect equally manly and females, especially the from race Persian and intersections with animals of that race. The polycystical kidney disease is broadcast the all issue from the individuals affected due at your character hereditary dominant. Yours signals clinical is linked together at the classic signals of Insufficiency Renal Account, such as: nefromegaly, poliury, anorexic, hematury and anemia , because in as much as the animals affected they tend developing this pathology among others secondary systemic problems . The means diagnostic, to ide ntify this pathology as varied, being used principally the of image, permitting a precociou diagnostic. Your treatment consists in master the symptoms caused by kidney insufficiencies Account and furnish, comfort and quality of life for the animals bearers, because it doesn’t have cur. Know the etiology, signals clinical, mediums diagnostic and the treatment is essential tools about to the screening of that disease and also to the future from race Persian and yours intersections obtained across her. The main objective this study was realize a bibliographic review about polycystical kidney disease linking a traditional forms of the diagnostic, treatment and control with new studies recently published about affected felines populations

Planejamento e síntese de novo candidato a fármaco útil para o tratamento de tumores sólidos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes internados na unidade de tratamento de queimaduras do Hospital Estadual de Bauru

Burns are frequent accidents, and they are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in our society. In Brazil, statistical data on such lesions are relatively scarce, and they are concentrated in a few treatment centers. Data on such accidents allow for specific care to be timely and properly taken in order to provide patients with a better prognosis, in addition to enabling the development of prevention programs as well as fire-prevention safety laws. To characterize the epidemiological profile of users at the Burn Treatment Unit of Bauru State Hospital. Collection of epidemiological data through the e-pront system and from charts of burned inpatients from April 2005 to April 2010. During the studied period, 906 hospitalizations of burned patients occurred, with an annual average of 181.2 individuals. Their mean age was 28.4 years, with a predominance of males. The mean hospitalization period was of 27.6 days, with a median of 16 days and a maximum of 216 days; 14.7% developed to death, with the highest mortality rate in the first two weeks of hospitalization. Second-degree burns were the most frequent; 36.8% of the patients burned less than 10% of their body surface, and there was a gradual frequency reduction when a larger burned surface was taken into account; the greater the affected areas, the higher the number of deaths; 91% resulted from thermal agents, 6% from electric and 2% from chemical agents; scalding was the major cause among all agents, followed by alcohol associated with fire and direct flame. The major area affected areas were the upper limbs. The study shows the need for educational and preventive measures, particularly for the young adult population, by means of educational programs and prevention campaigns

Antidepressivo em ratos com insuficiência aórtica pode modificar a expressão gênica de ocitocina e vasopressina centrais?

Aortic regurgitation (AR) leads to a left ventricle dilation and hypertrophy in response to a chronic volume overload. It is still very frequent in developing countries, for instance Brazil, and often as secondary to rheumatic fever. Usually, chronic AR is generally well tolerated for many years, when with the heart dilated the patient searches for treatment. Bidirectional association with depression and cardiovascular disease has been described. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely prescribed to treat several affective disorders, especially for cardiovascular patients since they decrease arrhythmia probability. These SSRI improves cardiac function in rats submitted to stress protocols. Preliminary study from our laboratory showed that following 4 weeks of treatment with one SSRI (paroxetine) in subchronic AR rats there was a decreased in daily sodium intake and an improvement in systolic function. An increase in the central oxytocinergic transmission may be involved in this peripheral improvement to the heart. The investigations about the mechanisms underlying this improvement are necessary. Therefore the aims of this project is investigate the effects of 4 weeks of treatment of paroxetine, a SSRI, in rats with a subchronic AR over the central central gene expression of oxytocin and vasopressin using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Estudo sobre a condição de coleta e tratamento de esgoto sanitário do município de Ubatuba-SP

The actual work broaches a study about the collection and treatment of sanitary sewage from the municipality of Ubatuba in its operational aspects and the tariff policy from the service. Themes related to the subject like the history of collection and treatment of sewage, its development in Brazil and its importance for public health and environmental preservation, as well as historical and geographical aspects of Ubatuba/SP, are present in the literature review. The methodology consists in guided visit in the colletion and treatment of sewage facilities and interview with technical managers. With the technical data obtained, it is made a discussion of the results and possible recommendations

Bioatividade de cipó-prata (Trigonia nivea Cambess) sobre a excreção renal de água e eletrólitos e pressão arterial

Brazil is a country with the largest world´s vegetal genetic diversity and the Environmental Protection Area (APA) of the “Serra da Mantiqueira” is a very heterogeneous region, representing one of the richest sources of pharmacologically actives materials. The population uses medicinal plants and according to the OMS, 80% of the population uses them in primary treatment of several diseases. Nevertheless, the loss of traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants is occurring quickly. The ethnopharmacological strategy uses traditional knowledge to the search for medicinal plants that can have bioactive substances against diseases that afflicting the population and thus protect traditional knowledge. The “cipó-prata” (Trigonia nívea Cambess.) is a native plant normally found in the “Bacia do Paraná” region and present in the flora in the neighborhood of “Marins”, Piquete-SP and usually, said for the treatment of renal and urinary diseases. So, the objective of this study was test if the “cipóprata” (Trigonia nívea Cambess.) has effects on the renal excretion of water and salt, in anesthetized Wister rats. The tests were made in males Wistar rats and randomly distributed into 4 experimental groups: Group I – aqueous control, Group II – treated with aqueous extract (EA) of “cipó-prata”, Group III – water control + “tween 80”, Group IV – treated with ethanol extract (EE) and “cipó-prata”. All groups were subjected to experimental protocol, composed of three periods: Balance (40 minutes), Basal (30 minutes) and Experimental (90 minutes), occurring the urine collection every 30 minutes, from the basal period and measuring blood pressure every 10 minutes. The aqueous extract (EA) of “cipó-prata” (Trigonia nívea Cambess.) presented diuretic effect of 173% (B-2,4±1,19 μL/min reaching 6,6±1,45 μL/min, in the period EX3) and ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)