AUTONOMÍAS DEPARTAMENTALES EN BOLIVIA: HACIA LA CONSOLIDACION DE UN SISTEMA POLÍTICO MULTINIVEL

Resumen: Las elecciones departamentales y municipales de marzo del 2015 en Bolivia revelan, por una parte, la incertidumbre en las reglas de juego y, por el otro, la relativa autonomía en la configuración de las fuerzas y los sistemas políticos en los distintos niveles de la organización política territorial sub-nacional. Esto se dio en el marco de un sistema de partidos nacional fuertemente marcado por la expansión y presencia predominante de un partido político: el Movimiento al Socialismo. Las incongruencias de los resultados de las elecciones sub nacionales de 2015 respecto a las elecciones nacionales de octubre de 2014, quiebran la aparente faz monolítica del comportamiento electoral que se expresa a nivel nacional a favor del actual presidente y del partido gobernante. No obstante, las opciones políticas alternativas están débilmente articuladas y muestran una limitada capacidad de irradiación territorial y presencia multinivel en la geografía política boliviana

Análisis, dignóstico y propuesta para fomentar el destino turístico Bolivia enfocado al turismo emisivo de la ciudad de Cuenca, con la ruta que efrece LAN hacia La Paz y Santa Cruz 2015-2016

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo conocer la oferta y demanda del mercado turístico emisivo hacia Bolivia desde la ciudad de Cuenca, con la finalidad de fomentar el turismo hacia nuevos destinos, enfocado principalmente en las ciudades de: La Paz y Santa Cruz de la Sierra, con la ruta que ofrece la aerolínea LAN hacia estos destinos. Para el desarrollo de la tesis se investigó el comportamiento de los pasajeros que deciden comprar los boletos en las oficinas de LAN, y las particularidades de las agencias de viajes que tienen convenio con la mencionada aerolínea, con la finalidad de determinar si existe un potencial mercado emisivo en la ciudad de Cuenca que esté dispuesto a visitar Bolivia; los resultados que se obtuvieron en este análisis definenprincipalmente la oferta y la demanda actual; adicionalmente se obtuvo la información necesaria de las agencias de viajes para informar y capacitar a los agentes de viajes, sobre los diferentes atractivos turísticos y sitios de interés con los que cuenta Bolivia; en base de toda ésta información, se propone la creación de diferentes paquetes con alternativas de turismo para los pasajeros en la ciudad de Cuenca. El aporte que se suministra con el desarrollo de ésta investigación, principalmente a las agencias de viajes y promotores turísticos es el de demostrar que se pueden ofertar lugares nuevos, que aún no han sido explotados en el mercado emisivo de la ciudad de Cuenca, para que no se limiten únicamente a competir por los productos de siempre previamente estructurados y saturados.

Lineamientos de política sectorial par la cadena de leche: el caso de Cochabamba – Bolivia

Introducción El sector lechero en Bolivia es incipiente en el ámbito internacional, debido a que su desarrollo fue tardío, pues tiene sus antecedentes recién en los últimos años de los 60’s, cuando la FAO invita a Bolivia a participar del Plan Internacional de Coordinación de Fomento Lechero y a partir de ello surge en 1971 el Plan de Desarrollo Lechero Nacional, cuyo resultado es la apuesta d

State-narco networks and the ‘War on Drugs’ in post-transition Bolivia, with special reference to 1989-1993

This thesis examines the development of state-narco networks in post-transition Bolivia. Mainstream discourses of drugs tend to undertheorise such relationships, holding illicit economies, weak states and violence as synergistic phenomena. Such assumptions fail to capture the nuanced relations that emerge between the state and the drug trade in different contexts, their underlying logics and diverse effects. As an understudied case, Bolivia offers novel insights into these dynamics. Bolivian military authoritarian governments (1964-1982), for example, integrated drug rents into clientelistic systems of governance, helping to establish factional coalitions and reinforce regime authority. Following democratic transition in 1982 and the escalation of US counterdrug efforts, these stable modes of exchange between the state and the coca-cocaine economy fragmented. Bolivia, though, continued to experience lower levels of drug-related violence than its Andean neighbours, and sustained democratisation despite being a major drug producer. Focusing on the introduction of the Andean Initiative (1989-1993), I explore state-narco interactions during this period of flux: from authoritarianism to (formal) democracy, and from Cold War to Drug War. As such, the thesis transcends the conventional analyses of the drugs literature and orthodox readings of Latin American narco-violence, providing insights into the relationship between illicit economies and democratic transition, the regional role of the US, and the (unintended) consequences of drug policy interventions. I utilise a mixed methods approach to offer discrete perspectives on the object of study. Drawing on documentary and secondary sources, I argue that state-narco networks were interwoven with Bolivia���s post-transition political settlement. Uneven democratisation ensured pockets of informalism, as clientelistic and authoritarian practices continued. This included police and military autonomy, and tolerance of drug corruption within both institutions. Non-enforcement of democratic norms of accountability and transparency was linked to the maintenance of fragile political equilibrium. Interviews with key US and Bolivian elite actors also revealed differing interpretations of state-narco interactions. These exposed competing agendas, and were folded into alternative paradigms and narratives of the ‘war on drugs’. The extension of US Drug War goals and the targeting of ‘corrupt’ local power structures, clashed with local ambivalence towards the drug trade, opposition to destabilising, ‘Colombianised’ policies and the claimed ‘democratising mission’ of the Bolivian government. In contrasting these US and Bolivian accounts, the thesis shows how real and perceived state-narco webs were understood and navigated by different actors in distinct ways. ‘Drug corruption’ held significance beyond simple economic transaction or institutional failure. Contestation around state-narco interactions was enmeshed in US-Bolivian relations of power and control.

El populismo y la integración de las clases obreras en Bolivia 1952 - 1957

Introducción En el presente estudio intentamos relacionar el comportamiento histórico de las clases obreras y grupos populares bolivianos a un esquema analítico más general del populismo y la cultura política latinoamericana en su conjunto. Antes de considerar el caso especifico que nos interesa Aquí, parece necesario clarificar tres conceptos o términos y sus relaciones con las características que conocemos del estudio, apenas comenzando de la cultura política latinoamericana una cultura política particular de una región subdesarrollada y dependiente no el simple reflejo de la política metropolitana, ni una repetición históricamente tardía

La educación desde los pueblos indígenas de Bolivia. Análisis del proyecto de Nueva Ley de Educación “Avelino Siñani y Elizardo Pérez”, como resistencia frente a la educación para la globalización neoliberal

En este ensayo nos interesa abordar las implicaciones del cambio político y social que se vive en América Latina, particularmente enfocado en Bolivia y sobre la educación y su relación con el desarrollo, a partir del estudio del proyecto de Nueva Ley de Educación “Avelino Siñani-Elizardo Pérez”, presentado para su tramitación al Congreso Nacional por iniciativa del Gobierno de la República y del movimiento indígena-popular. Mediante la metodología del análisis de coyuntura y del análisis estructural temático del discurso, se busca mostrar de qué manera esta reforma construye formas de resistencia cultural y alternativas educativas ante la llamada educación para la globalización neoliberal, propia de un modelo de desarrollo económico impuesto a Bolivia hace más de 20 años.AbstractThis essay aims to find out on the implications of political and social changes currently in process in Latin America focusing in Bolivia���s education and development in the New Act in Education, Avelino Siñani-Elizardo Pérez. The bill of law was submitted to the National Congress by the Government of Bolivia and the Indigenous Popular Movement. Based on current situation analysis and in topic-structure discourse analysis as a methodological approach, it discourse analysis as a methodological approach, it endeavours to show how this reform may build cultural and alternative education as ways of resistance to the socalled education for the neliberal globalization. The latter is featured in the economic development model, imposed to Bolivia 20 years ago.

Imigrantes bolivianos em São Paulo : a Praça Kantuta e o futebol

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Origem e dispersão dos Tupiguarani: o que diz a morfologia craniana?

A origem e a dispersão dos povos Tupiguarani têm sido intensamente debatidas entre arqueólogos e linguistas nas últimas cinco décadas. Em resumo, pode-se dizer que a ideia de que esses povos, que ocuparam grande parte do território brasileiro e parte da Bolívia, do Paraguai, do Uruguai e da Argentina, tiveram sua etnogênese na Amazônia e dali partiram para o leste e para o sul, por volta de 2.500 anos antes do presente, é bastante aceita entre os especialistas, embora uma dispersão no sentido oposto, isto é, do sul para o norte, com origem na bacia do Tietê-Paraná, não seja completamente descartada. Entre os arqueólogos que consideram a Amazônia como berço desses povos, alguns acreditam que esse surgimento se deu na Amazônia central. Outros acreditam que a etnogênese Tupiguarani ocorreu no sudoeste da Amazônia, onde hoje se concentra a maior diversidade linguística do tronco Tupi. Neste trabalho, a morfologia de 19 crânios associados à cerâmica Tupiguarani ou etnograficamente classificados como tais foram comparados a várias séries cranianas pré-históricas e etnográficas brasileiras por meio de estatísticas multivariadas. Duas técnicas multivariadas foram empregadas: Análise de Componentes Principais, aplicada sobre os centróides de cada série, e Distâncias de Mahalanobis, aplicadas aos dados individuais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma origem amazônica para os povos Tupiguarani, sobretudo pela forte associação encontrada entre crânios Tupi e Guarani do sudeste e do sul brasileiro e dos Tupi do norte do Brasil, com os espécimes provenientes da ilha de Marajó incluídos no estudo.

Birds from cerradão woodland, an overlooked forest of the Cerrado region, Brazil

The Cerrado region still receives relatively little ornithological attention, although it is regarded as the only tropical savanna in the world considered to be a biodiversity hotspot. Cerradão is one of the least known and most deforested Cerrado physiognomies and few recent bird surveys have been conducted in these forests. In order to rescue bird records and complement the few existing inventories of this under-studied forest type in the state of São Paulo, we looked for published papers on birds of cerradão. Additionally we surveyed birds at a 314-ha cerradão remnant located in central São Paulo, Brazil, from September 2005-December 2006 using unlimited distance transect counts. Out of 95 investigations involving cerradão bird studies, only 17 (18%) investigations teased apart bird species recorded inside cerradão from those recorded in other physiognomies of Cerrado. Except for one study, no research found more than 64 species in this type of forest, a result shared within many regions from Brazil and Bolivia. Differences in species richness do not seem be related with levels of disturbance of landscape or fragment size. Considering all species recorded in cerradão in Brazil and Bolivia, a compilation of data accumulated 250 species in 36 families and 15 orders. In recent surveys at central São Paulo, we recorded 48 species in 20 families, including the Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin Neopelma pallescens, threatened in São Paulo, and the Helmeted Manakin Antilophia galeata, near threatened in the state and endemic to the Cerrado region. Among the most abundant species inside this fragment, none was considered to be neither threatened nor endemic.

Population genetic structuring in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) across the Paraná-Paraguay basin: evidence from microsatellites

The Paraná-Paraguay basin encompasses central western Brazil, northeastern Paraguay, eastern Bolivia and northern Argentina. The Pantanal is a flooded plain with marked dry and rainy seasons that, due to its soil characteristics and low declivity, has a great water holding capacity supporting abundant fish fauna. Piaractus mesopotamicus, or pacu, endemic of the Paraná-Paraguay basin, is a migratory species economically important in fisheries and ecologically as a potential seed disperser. In this paper we employ eight microsatellite loci to assess the population structure of 120 pacu sampled inside and outside the Pantanal of Mato Grosso. Our main objective was to test the null hypothesis of panmixia and to verify if there was a different structuring pattern between the Pantanal were there were no physical barriers to fish movement and the heavily impounded Paraná and Paranapanema rivers. All loci had moderate to high levels of polymorphism, the number of alleles varied from three to 18. The average observed heterozygosity varied from 0.068 to 0.911. After the Bonferroni correction three loci remained significant for deviations from Hardy-Weinberg, and for those the frequency of null alleles was estimated. F ST and R ST pairwise comparisons detected low divergence among sampling sites, and differentiation was significant only between Paranapanema and Cuiabá and Paranapanema and Taquari. No correlation between genetic distance and the natural logarithm of the geographic distance was detected. Results indicate that for conservation purposes and for restoration programs small genetic differences detected in the Cuiabá and Paranapanema rivers should be taken in consideration.

Cinco novas espécies de Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) da Região Neotropical e novos registros

New species are described: Tessaropa elongata sp. nov. from Brazil (Rondônia) has long elytra, a character that distinguishes it from the remaining species with short elytra; Hexoplon immaculatum sp. nov. from Ecuador (Pichincha) is characterized by the red-orange general color and black legs. Eburodacrys inaequalis sp. nov. from Bolivia (Santa Cruz) has elytral apices and same-color femora that cause it to be similar to E. ayri Martins & Galileo, 2006 and E. silviamariae Martins & Galileo, 2006, yet it differs from either species in the black lateral spines and dorsal tubercles of pronotum and the elongate eburneuos maculae of the elytra. Coleomethia bezarki sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Guanacaste) differs from C. australis Hovore, 1987 by male pronotum without rugosities, peduculate metafemora and metatibiae entirely pubescent. Bisaltes (B.) petilus sp. nov. (Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Alajuela) is separated from B. (B.)buquetii Thomson, 1868 and B. (B.) fuchsi Breuning, 1971 by the more slender body appearance, the absence of dark belts on pronotum, and the absence of circular macula in the anterior third of elytra. Notes and new records are provided for: Tetraibion concolor Martins, 2006 (Bolivia: La Paz); Gnomidolon ornaticolle Martins, 1960 (Panama: Colón); Mephritus apicatus (Linsley, 1935) (Brazil: Rondônia).

Novas espécies de Prioninae e de Cerambycinae (Cerambycidae) da Região Neotropical

Novas espécies descritas: Hovorelus adiectus sp. nov. (Anacolini) da Costa Rica; Stenoeme aguilari sp. nov. do Paraguai e Placoeme wappesi sp. nov. da Bolívia (Oemini); da Bahia, Brasil: Coeloxestia spinosa sp. nov. (Cerambycini, Sphallotrichina); Stizocera debilis sp. nov., Anelaphus bravoi sp. nov. (Elaphidionini) e Chydarteres formosus sp. nov. (Trachyderini).

Espécies novas de Calliini e Falsamblesthiini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae) da Região Neotropical

As seguintes novas espécies são descritas em Callini: Drycothaea gaucha sp. nov. do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil; Callia metallica sp. nov. de Sucumbios, Equador; em Falsamblesthiini: Nyctonympha boyacana sp. nov. da Colômbia; Bactriola achira sp. nov. e Bactriola antennata sp. nov. ambas de Santa Cruz, Bolívia.

Novas espécies de Cerambycinae (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera) da região neotropical

Seis novas espécies de Cerambycinae (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera)são descritas e ilustradas em: Obrium peculiare sp. nov. (Obriini) de Trinidad e Tobago; Macroeme similis sp. nov. (Oemini), Jupoata divaricata sp. nov. (Cerambycini), Rhomboidederes inerme sp. nov. (Elaphidionini), Hexoplon annulatum sp. nov. (Hexoplonini) e Minibidion perfectum sp. nov. (Ibidionini, Tropidina), todas da Bolívia (Santa Cruz).

Novas espécies de Lamiinae (Cerambycidae) neotropicais e transferência de Palpicrassus Galileo & Martins, 2007

Novas espécies descritas do Brasil: Nesozineus amazonicus sp. nov. (Amazonas), Xenofrea diagonalis sp. nov. (Rondônia). Mauesia submetallica sp. nov. (Amazonas); da Bolívia: Psapharochrus nearnsi sp. nov. (Santa Cruz), Adetus basalis, sp. nov. (Santa Cruz, La Paz), Palpicrassus inexpectatus sp. nov. (Santa Cruz), Cyrtinus meridialis sp. nov. (Santa Cruz.). Do Panamá: Aerenea panamensis sp. nov. (Chiriqui). O gênero Palpicrassus Galileo & Martins, 2007, originalmente descrito em Pteropliini é transferido para Apomecynini.