汉语句子和语篇韵律层级边界的认知加工及其ERP效应

The aim of the present study was to explore whether the CPS (Closure Positive Shift) which reflected prosodic processing will be elicited when listeners perceived different hierarchical prosodic boundaries in Chinese sentence and discourse (Quatrain). In addiction, the similarity and difference in amplitude, onset latency and scalp distribution between these CPS were investigated. The nature of the CPS and its relationship to acoustic parameters was also explored systematically. The main results and conclusions of the present study were: (1) Phonological phrase boundaries and intonational phrase boundaries in Chinese sentences both elicited the CPS; however, phonological word boundaries can't evoke it. The CPS induced by phonological phrase boundaries was earlier than the one related to intonational phrase boundaries in onset latency, and the amplitude was also somewhat lower. When the pauses in the vicinity of these two boundaries were removed, the onset latency difference disappeared while amplitude in the new conditions was also lower. This indicates that whenever listeners segment sentence into phrases, the CPS will be elicited. Besides, pause was not the decisive factor to elicit the CPS, but can modify its onset latency and amplitude effectively. (2) The different hierarchical prosodic boundaries in seven character quatrain including phonological phrase boundaries, intonational phrase boundaries and sentence pair boundaries elicited the CPS respectively. Furthermore, just like in the sentence level, onset latency of the CPS induced by the prosodic boundaries in the discourse was also influenced by the length of pause: the shorter the pause was, the earlier the onset latency. For the comparison between the CPS evoked by the same and different hierarchical prosodic boundaries, its amplitude was influenced by the extent to which prosodic representations were activated. Thus, the condition of the CPS elicitation was extended to the prosodic bounaries in discourse, and further indicated that it was influenced by acoustic parameters. (3) No matter what task the participants completed, just like word detection or rythem matching task, the CPS will be evoked. However, its amplitude was larger in the anterior region, when listeners completed the word detection task which needed more attention and higher load of working memory. The present result indicated that the elicitation of the CPS was not influenced by the task the participants completed, but different task influence its scalp distribution. (4) The final syllable of the sentence and quatrain can't elicit the CPS, but a P300-like positive component. Although the scalp distribution was similar to the CPS, it was much higher in amplitude. The present result suggested that only the prosodic boundaries reflecting not only the closure of the former prosodic unit but also integrating the later one will elicit the CPS.

Towards Fuzzy Compositional Modelling

X. Fu, Q. Shen and R. Zhao. 'Towards fuzzy compositional modelling,' In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2007, pp. 1233-1238. Sponsorship: EPSRC

Prevalência de má oclusão em crianças com idade escolar

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária

Proposta metodológica para análise da qualidade urbanística de Frentes de Água

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitetura e Urbanismo

Cine policíaco del tardofranquismo: El thriller en el “Período Oscuro” del cine español (1969-1975)

Definición de la etapa de crisis del aparato cinematográfico franquista, llamada aquí “Período Oscuro” (1969-1975), discusión de la etiqueta de subgéneros aplicada al cinema bis de la época, y caracterización histórica del thriller español y de sus corrientes estéticas y conceptuales internas en dicho período. La acotación del período 1969-1975 es clarificada previamente ante el vacío historiográfico al respecto. Se caracteriza la crisis que tiene lugar en el “Período Oscuro”, desde su comienzo oficial en 1969, que supuso el definitivo cierre de las políticas proteccionistas emprendidas por el Director General de Cinematografía García Escudero en 1962. Después se define y discute la etiqueta de subgéneros aplicada tradicionalmente al cine español de género de bajo presupuesto. Luego, se especifican, definen y analizan las diversas categorías dentro del thriller español de 1969-1975: se trata de categorías temáticas y argumentales, estéticas, o bien relacionadas con corrientes internacionales del policíaco europeo. Por último, se extraen las conclusiones pertinentes.

Performing Space

This article discusses how the notion of performance provides impetus for the design of interactive digital environments. These environments can ultimately be regarded as user-spaces; a condition which replaces the "fixed" art-object with a configuration of interactions. Our understanding of space, as suggested by Lefevbre (2001), defines the "inhabitant" as a full participant, a user, a performer of space. What is at play when the installation artist designs environments that invite performative exploration? The issue of improvised performance in the inhabiting of installation spaces is exposed. Two interactive installations by the author and works by others in the field provide a context for discussion for discussion and analysis.

Agricultura urbana, condición para el desarrollo sostenible y la mejora del paisaje

Este artículo resulta de investigaciones en torno al “enverdecimiento” de las ciudades y las oportunidades de la agricultura urbana para la alimentación de una población en constante aumento que no trabaja la tierra. También es fruto de actividades de mejora de ambientes urbanos realizadas con la Escuela de Ingenieros Agrónomos de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A través de casos de agricultura urbana, entendiendo por ella el conjunto de prácticas para la producción de alimentos y plantas ornamentales dentro de las ciudades y en sus entornos, se analizan alternativas para la recuperación de espacios construidos e incremento de la calidad de vida de la población. Todo ello se traduce, además, en creación de riqueza y mejora del paisaje urbano, siempre desde criterios de sostenibilidad que favorecen el desarrollo local desde la Cumbre de la Tierra de Río de 1992 y la Conferencia sobre Desarrollo Sostenible Río+20 de 2013.

Waterfront retrieved. Buenos Aires’ contrasting leisure experience

The southern waterfront of the city of Buenos Aires has been recovered. Now that more than 20 years have passed since the projects began, we are able to get some perspective on these developments and can confront them with the integral history of this area. The areas of Puerto Madero, Costanera Sur, Reserva Ecológica and Santa María del Plata have distinctive characteristics and these are reflected in urban landscape, architecture and especially through the use of these spaces. Real estate developments cohabit with public space, tourism with local leisure facilities, and the most expensive office floors with local choripan1 stands, all of these in a development in which the state, the municipality, international corporations and real estate companies have collaborated and discussed to produce a hybrid new space for the city.

Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles Increase in Volume During Swelling in Skin, but Skin Barrier Function Recovery is Unaffected

We describe, for the first time, quantification of in-skin swelling and fluid uptake by hydrogel-forming microneedle (MN) arrays and skin barrier recovery in human volunteers. Such MN arrays, prepared from aqueous blends of hydrolyzed poly(methylvinylether/maleic anhydride) (15%, w/w) and the cross-linker poly(ethyleneglycol) 10,000 Da (7.5%, w/w), were inserted into the skin of human volunteers (n = 15) to depths of approximately 300 μm by gentle hand pressure. The MN arrays swelled in skin, taking up skin interstitial fluid, such that their mass had increased by approximately 30% after 6 h in skin. Importantly, however, skin barrier function recovered within 24 h after MN removal, regardless of how long the MN had been in skin or how much their volume had increased with swelling. Further research on closure of MN-induced micropores is required because transepidermal water loss measurements suggested micropore closure, whereas optical coherence tomography indicated that MN-induced micropores had not closed over, even 24 h after MN had been removed. There were no complaints of skin reactions, adverse events, or strong views against MN use by any of the volunteers. Only some minor erythema was noted after patch removal, although this always resolved within 48 h, and no adverse events were present on follow-up.

Vosaroxin and vosaroxin plus low-dose Ara-C (LDAC) vs low-dose Ara-C alone in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia

The development of new treatments for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia is an active area, but has met with limited success. Vosaroxin, a quinolone-derived intercalating agent has several properties that could prove beneficial. Initial clinical studies showed it to be well-tolerated in older patients with relapsed/refractory disease. In vitro data suggested synergy with cytarabine (Ara-C). To evaluate vosaroxin, we performed 2 randomized comparisons within the "Pick a Winner" program. A total of 104 patients were randomized to vosaroxin vs low-dose Ara-C (LDAC) and 104 to vosaroxin + LDAC vs LDAC. When comparing vosaroxin with LDAC, neither response rate (complete recovery [CR]/complete recovery with incomplete count recovery [CRi], 26% vs 30%; odds ratio [OR], 1.16 (0.49-2.72); P = .7) nor 12-month survival (12% vs 31%; hazard ratio [HR], 1.94 [1.26-3.00]; P = .003) showed benefit for vosaroxin. Likewise, in the vosaroxin + LDAC vs LDAC comparison, neither response rate (CR/CRi, 38% vs 34%; OR, 0.83 [0.37-1.84]; P = .6) nor survival (33% vs 37%; HR, 1.30 [0.81-2.07]; P = .3) was improved. A major reason for this lack of benefit was excess early mortality in the vosaroxin + LDAC arm, most obviously in the second month following randomization. At its first interim analysis, the Data Monitoring and Ethics Committee recommended closure of the vosaroxin-containing trial arms because a clinically relevant benefit was unlikely.

Cidade Museu

Through the concept of sonic resonance, the project Cidade Museu – Museum City explores five derelict or transitional spaces in the city of Viseu. The activation and capture of these spaces develops an audio- visual memory that reflects architectures, stories and experiences, while creating a sense of place through sounds and images.

The project brings together musicians with a background in contemporary music, electroacoustic music and improvisation and a visual artist focusing on photography and video.

Each member of the collective explores the selected spaces in order to activate them with the help of their respective instruments and through sound projection in an iterative process in which the source of activation gradually gives way to the characteristics of each space, their resonances and acoustic characteristics. The museum city (a nickname for the city of Viseu), in this performance, exposes the contrast between the grandeur and multi-faceted architecture of Viseu’s Cathedral with spaces that spread throughout the city waiting for a new future.

The performance in the Cathedral (Sé) is characterised by a trio ensemble, an eight channel sound system and video projecting audio recordings and images made in each of the five spaces. The audience is invited to explore the relations between the various buildings and their stories while being immersed in their resonances and visual projections.

The performance explores the following spaces in Viseu: the old Orfeão (music hall), an old wine cellar, a mansion home to the national road services, a house with its grounds in Rua Silva Gaio and an old slaughterhouse.

Green Space Attachment and Health: A Comparative Study in Two Urban Neighborhoods

The positive relationships between urban green space and health have been well documented. Little is known, however, about the role of residents’ emotional attachment to local green spaces in these relationships, and how attachment to green spaces and health may be promoted by the availability of accessible and usable green spaces. The present research aimed to examine the links between self-reported health, attachment to green space, and the availability of accessible and usable green spaces. Data were collected via paper-mailed surveys in two neighborhoods (n = 223) of a medium-sized Dutch city in the Netherlands. These neighborhoods differ in the perceived and objectively measured accessibility and usability of green spaces, but are matched in the physically available amount of urban green space, as well as in demographic and socio-economic status, and housing conditions. Four dimensions of green space attachment were identified through confirmatory factor analysis: place dependence, affective attachment, place identity and social bonding. The results show greater attachment to local green space and better self-reported mental health in the neighborhood with higher availability of accessible and usable green spaces. The two neighborhoods did not differ, however, in physical and general health. Structural Equation Modelling confirmed the neighborhood differences in green space attachment and mental health, and also revealed a positive path from green space attachment to mental health. These findings convey the message that we should make green places, instead of green spaces.

Learning from within: on students, olives and ethnographic knowledge

The chapter elicits the experience of teaching “Ethnography and Tourism” to undergraduate students at the University of Evora. Our main focus of research and teaching has been directed towards teaching exploratory ethnographic methods in order to promote an understanding of the material and immaterial dimensions of the cultural contexts of the region and beyond. Secondly, and, at the same time, we also learn ethnography by reading and discussing comparative research of other ethnographies of tourism spaces, eliciting, among the students, the ethical problems raised by the consequences of tourism in peoples’ cultural settings.

Desenvolvimento profissional e educação em línguas: potencialidades e constrangimentos em contexto escolar

Este trabalho, desenvolvido por uma professora em contexto académico, movida por uma vontade de intervenção em contexto escolar para melhoria da qualidade do desempenho profissional e das aprendizagens dos alunos, assenta: por um lado, num entendimento de desenvolvimento profissional (DP) enquanto processo contínuo que se articula com e inscreve na prática do quotidiano docente; e, por outro lado, num entendimento da educação em línguas como um processo que valoriza a diversidade e enfatiza o plurilinguismo como valor e competência, enriquecendo os repertórios linguístico-comunicativos dos sujeitos, de modo a facilitar a abertura ao Outro, num processo de construção e recriação de significado sobre o mundo e sobre si na relação com esse Outro. Pretendeu-se, neste estudo, compreender o processo de desenvolvimento profissional de professores de línguas, tentando identificar potencialidades e constrangimentos que se colocam a esse desenvolvimento profissional em contexto. Para tal, foi desenvolvido um projecto de formação para a educação plurilingue numa escola Secundária com 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico com um grupo de cinco professoras ao longo de dois anos. A formação, promovida através de um Centro de Formação de Escolas e acreditada pelo Conselho- Científico da Formação Contínua desenvolveu-se em duas fases. A primeira fase (2004/2005), na modalidade Oficina de Formação com 10 sessões de formação num total de 50 horas, e a segunda fase (2005/2006), na modalidade Projecto com nove sessões de formação, num total de 50 horas. O estudo seguiu uma metodologia de cariz qualitativo e de inspiração interpretativa/fenomenológica, pretendendo colocar em evidência o sujeito e sublinhando a interacção que estabelece consigo e com os outros, a partir das práticas discursivas que vai construindo. A estratégia investigativa desenhou-se em torno do estudo de caso no qual procurámos analisar a (des/re)construção de conhecimento profissional no contexto de um grupo de professoras em formação. Esta análise assumiu duas vertentes, uma tomando a interacção entre o grupo como alvo de análise, outra olhando para o percurso de cada formanda na sua singularidade. Os dados recolhidos e analisados incluem um inquérito por questionário inicial, a transcrição das sessões de formação e as reflexões escritas ao longo das duas fases da formação, bem como um inquérito por entrevista semiestruturada, após o terminus da formação, em Julho de 2007. Os resultados da análise indicam que os processos formativos que promovem o questionamento de si e das suas práticas, ajudando a identificar representações e a analisar o modo como as representações interferem ou não nas práticas para, em seguida, estas poderem ser reconstruídas, são facilitadores de DP. Evidenciaram-se, nestes processos, dois tempos de formação distintos, mas complementares, o tempo da observação e da análise e o tempo da apropriação e da acção, que englobam espaços de trabalho individual e colectivo. Nestes dois tempos de formação identificámos quatro modos facilitadores da reconstrução do conhecimento profissional, nomeadamente: a articulação da teoria com a prática; a tomada do objecto de trabalho em objecto de análise e de experimentação, incluindo a visualização, a análise e a reflexão sobre as experiências realizadas; a colocação do aluno no centro do processo de ensino; e o alargamento da consciencialização do trabalho com as línguas e das suas finalidades educativas. Estes quatro modos constituem-se como impulsionadores ou inibidores de DP, dependendo a sua percepção de factores, tanto de carácter individual como de carácter colectivo. Os factores de carácter individual dizem respeito ao comprometimento, ao empenho, ao modo como cada sujeito se vê como pessoa e como profissional, bem como à fase da carreira em que se situa. Os factores de carácter colectivo dizem respeito aos contextos nos quais o sujeito se move, nomeadamente a cultura da escola em que exerce funções, às relações interpessoais e profissionais que estabelece com os colegas de trabalho e às possibilidades e espaços de formação que cada sujeito encontra com os outros. Tendo constatado que o desenvolvimento profissional é fruto da intersecção da acção individual com a acção colectiva, concluímos que, na constituição de ambientes facilitadores de DP, importa ter em conta seis componentes: a apropriação individual da construção do conhecimento profissional pelos sujeitos, a construção de oportunidades de desenvolvimento, a construção da capacidade de intervenção em contexto, a promoção da colegialidade, a monitorização e avaliação de processos e resultados do trabalho no âmbito do DP e a criação de espaços e tempos próprios para esse trabalho. Os resultados da análise indicam também que a formação em contexto permite iniciar um trabalho de DP porque cria condições de auto/hetero/eco e coformação que incluem um potencial de aprendizagem profissional transformativa. Enquanto constrangimentos ao DP em contexto destacam-se aspectos contextuais que se relacionam com o tempo e a sua gestão, bem como com a visibilidade, o reconhecimento e o impacto do trabalho realizado no contexto. Através da descrição e análise de uma experiência de formação contínua em contexto, este trabalho revela possibilidades de ultrapassar os constrangimentos contextuais, sublinhando as potencialidades de desenvolvimento profissional em contexto, pelo modo como professoras, predispostas à mudança e comprometidas com a profissão, onde os alunos têm um papel particular, são capazes de inscrever transformação nas suas práticas, evidenciando a urgência não só de um apoio concreto e explícito, mas também de reconhecimento do trabalho desenvolvido em cada sala de aula, com cada turma, à descoberta de si e do outro, através das línguas para a construção de um mundo mais plural.