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Nuevos retos del proyecto gvSIG: de la técnica a la organización y economía de un proyecto de software libre

gvSIG es un proyecto que ha ido evolucionando en su parte técnica hasta convertirse en un SIG de escritorio consolidado y cuyo uso se ha extendido a nivel internacional. Paralelamente a la evolución técnica ha habido una evolución organizativa, pasando de un proyecto nacido de la necesidad de una administración pública -la Conselleria de Infraestructuras y Transporte- a un proyecto impulsado y desarrollado por un conjunto de entidades, y apoyado en una comunidad creciente y participativa. En el último año se ha consolidado la organización del proyecto en la forma de una asociación. La denominada “Asociación para la difusión de la Geomática Libre y el desarrollo de gvSIG”, más conocida como “Asociación gvSIG”, es una asociación internacional que aglutina a las empresas y organizaciones (universidades, administraciones,...) que están involucradas en el desarrollo de gvSIG y que apuestan por los principios del proyecto. Es una asociación sin ánimo de lucro, que desarrolla actividad comercial y donde los beneficios resultantes de su actividad se destinan al mantenimiento del proyecto gvSIG. Esta comunicación se centra en los avances del proyecto en los distintos ámbitos, técnico, económico y organizativo y en los retos de futuro que se plantean

Relação entre personalidade, vulnerabilidade ao stress e burnout nos elementos da polícia de segurança pública

Os polícias são profissionais expostos a diversos fatores de stress, podendo este ser percecionado de diferentes formas consoante a personalidade de cada pessoa. Tentámos conhecer a vulnerabilidade ao stress e a relação com a personalidade em elementos da Polícia de Segurança Pública, verificando também se o stress e as perturbações da personalidade estão correlacionados. A amostra utilizada neste estudo foi constituída por 119 indivíduos adultos, 13 do sexo feminino com uma média de idades de 26 anos (DP=1.53) e 106 do sexo masculino com uma média de idades de 25.31 anos (DP=2.14). Como medidas foram utilizadas, para as Perturbações da Personalidade, o Inventário Clínico Multiaxial de Millon - MCMI (Millon, 1969), para a vulnerabilidade ao stress, o 23 Q.V.S (Vaz Serra, 2000) e para a Síndrome de Burnout (exaustão, cinismo e eficácia profissional) o M.B.I-G.S. (Scaufeli; Leiter; Maslach; Jackson, 1996 ; Nunes, 2003). Os resultados confirmam as relações esperadas, designadamente entre o narcisimo e a exaustão emocional e entre o perfecionismo e o burnout. Os resultados são discutidos de acordo com a literatura.

Compensatory signal processing for profoundly hearing-impaired listeners: the transmission of fundamental frequency

This paper reviews a study to determine the usefulness of signal processing along with lipreading in improving speech perception of profoundly hearing impaired persons.

Acceptance of earphones in children 12- to 24-months of age during visual reinforcement audiometry

Insert and circumaural earphones were used during visual reinforcement audiometry with children 12-to 24-months of age. Acceptance of earphones was determined by the number of ear specific thresholds obtained and by audiologist subjective ratings. Results indicate that children in this age range accept both types of earphones; however, significantly more ear specific thresholds were obtained using insert earphones compared to circumaural.

Hermenéutica y Tribunal Constitucional (Tema Central)

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre las decisiones del Tribunal Constitucional, que al no disponer de una legitimación popular directa pueden considerarse legítimas tan solo si aparecen como aplicación de Derecho, y no como creación política de normas. Para ello se analiza la relevancia que, en este proceso de legitimación, pueden tener las teorías de la interpretación en consideración de la peculiaridad de los enunciados normativos de la Constitución que evidencian cómo el problema de la objetividad del parámetro de control no puede encontrar su solución desde el punto de vista teórico-normativo, llegando a la conclusión que la misma condición jurídica o política del control de constitucionalidad dependerá de la existencia de criterios de valoración permanentes, esto es, de una teoría de la interpretación elaborada por cada uno de los tribunales constitucionales.

Stratospheric influence on baroclinic lifecycles and its connection to the Arctic Oscillation

Using an idealized primitive equation model, we investigate how stratospheric conditions alter the development of baroclinic instability in the troposphere. Starting from the lifecycle paradigm of Thorncroft et al., we consider the evolution of baroclinic lifecycles resulting from the addition of a stratospheric jet to the LC1 initial condition. We find that the addition of the stratospheric jet yields a net surface geopotential height anomaly that strongly resembles the Arctic Oscillation. With the additional modification of the tropospheric winds to resemble the high-AO climatology, the surface response is amplified by a factor 10 and, though dominated by the tropospheric changes, shows similar sensitivity to the stratospheric conditions.

Structure development in electrospun fibres of gelatin

Gelatin fibres have been successfully electrospun from water by heating a gelatin solution above the sol-gel transition temperature, and allowing cooling in a controlled environment as the fibres are produced. The development of structure with in these fibres is monitored using wide angle x-ray scattering, in this way the presence of the triple helix structure, which provides the physical cross-linkages in the gel could be probed. There is clear evidence that these structures are obtained in gelatin electrospun from aqueous solutions. In contrast fibres electrospun from a solution of gelatin in glacial acetic acid, showed no evidence of the triple helix structure.

Notations and conventions in molecular spectroscopy: part 1. General spectroscopic notation

The field of Molecular Spectroscopy was surveyed in order to determine a set of conventions and symbols which are in common use in the spectroscopic literature. This document, which is Part I in a series, establishes the notations and conventions used for general spectroscopic notations and deals with quantum mechanics, quantum numbers (vibrational states, angular momentum and energy levels), spectroscopic transitions, and miscellaneous notations (e.g. spectroscopic terms). Further parts will follow, dealing inter alia with symmetry notation, permutation and permutation-inversion symmetry notation, vibration-rotation spectroscopy and electronic spectroscopy.

Restricted dispersal reduces the strength of spatial density dependence in a tropical bird population

Spatial processes could play an important role in density-dependent population regulation because the disproportionate use of poor quality habitats as population size increases is widespread in animal populations-the so-called buffer effect. While the buffer effect patterns and their demographic consequences have been described in a number of wild populations, much less is known about how dispersal affects distribution patterns and ultimately density dependence. Here, we investigated the role of dispersal in spatial density dependence using an extraordinarily detailed dataset from a reintroduced Mauritius kestrel (Falco punctatus) population with a territorial (despotic) breeding system. We show that recruitment rates varied significantly between territories, and that territory occupancy was related to its recruitment rate, both of which are consistent with the buffer effect theory. However, we also show that restricted dispersal affects the patterns of territory occupancy with the territories close to release sites being occupied sooner and for longer as the population has grown than the territories further away. As a result of these dispersal patterns, the strength of spatial density dependence is significantly reduced. We conclude that restricted dispersal can modify spatial density dependence in the wild, which has implications for the way population dynamics are likely to be impacted by environmental change.

Cell entry by enveloped viruses: redox considerations for HIV and SARS-coronavirus

For enveloped viruses, genome entry into the target cell involves two major steps: virion binding to the cell-surface receptor and fusion of the virion and cell membranes. Virus-cell membrane fusion is mediated by the virus envelope complex, and its fusogenicity is the result of an active virus-cell interaction process that induces conformation changes within the envelope. For some viruses, such as influenza, exposure to an acidic milieu within the cell during the early steps of infection triggers the necessary structural changes. However, for other pathogens which are not exposed to such environmental stress, activation of fusogenicity can result from precise thiol/disulfide rearrangements mediated by either an endogenous redox autocatalytic isomerase or a cell-associated oxidoreductase. Study of the activation of HIV envelope fusogenicity has revealed new knowledge about how redox changes within a viral envelope trigger fusion. We discuss these findings and their implication for anti-HIV therapy. In addition, to compare and contrast the situation outlined for HIV with an enveloped virus that can fuse with the cell plasma membrane independent of the redox status of its envelope protein, we review parallel data obtained on SARS coronavirus entry.