926 resultados para Alcoholic fermentation


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Penicillium herquei isolate GA4 was isolated from the infected Conchocelis of Porphyra yezoensis. A large-scale fermentation using yeast extract sucrose medium and repeated chromatography afforded a new symmetrical urea derivative, hualyzin (1). The structure was determined by detailed NMR spectroscopic investigations and MS fragmentation analysis.

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Four new (1-4) and seven known (5-11) benzaldehyde derivatives were characterized from the liquid fermentation cultures of Eurotium rubrum, an endophytic fungus that was isolated from the inner tissue of stems of the mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Among these metabolites, compound 1, which was named as eurotirumin, possesses a new carbon skeleton with a cyclopentabenzopyran ring system.

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Two strains of Penicillium, DQ25 and SC10, isolated from marine sponge Haliclona angulata (Bowerbank) and Hymeniacidon sp. respectively, were subjected to stationary cultivation under GYP medium for 30 days. The fermentation extracts were undergone bioactivities assays against human pathogens, phytopathogenic fungi and brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Bioassays-guided compounds isolation was performed by Silica gel columns and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Spectroscopic methods were used to structures elucidation of the compounds. Results showed the activities of secondary metabolites of strain DQ25 were generally stronger than that of strain SC10. Major bioactive molecules isolated from strain DQ25 were a 1,4-naphthoquinone derivative and an unidentified alkaloid. The two components were not isolated from the extract of strain SC10. ITS sequences revealed that these two species have the greatest similarity with Penicillium vinaceum and Penicillium granulatum respectively.

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Cladosporium sp. isolate N5 was isolated as a dominant fungus from the healthy conchocelis of Porphyra yezoensis. In the re-infection test, it did not cause any pathogenic symptoms in the alga. Twenty-one cultural conditions were chosen to test its antimicrobial activity in order to obtain the best condition for large-scale fermentation. Phenylacetic acid, p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol, and L-beta-phenyllactic acid were isolated from the crude extract as strong antimicrobial compounds and they are the first reported secondary metabolites for the genus Cladosporium. In addition, the Cladosporium sp. produced the reported Porphyra yezoensis growth regulators phenylacetic acid and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. No cytotoxicity was found in the brine shrimp lethality test, which indicated that the environmental-friendly Cladosporium sp. could be used as a potential biocontrol agent to protect the alga from pathogens.

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A new fermentative hydrogen-producing bacterium was isolated from mangrove sludge and identified as Pantoea agglomerans using light microscopic examination, Biolog test and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The isolated bacterium, designated as P. agglomerans BH-18, is a new strain that has never been optimized as a potential hydrogen-producing bacterium. In this study, the culture conditions and the hydrogen-producing ability of P. agglomerans BH-18 were examined. The strain was a salt-tolerant facultative anaerobe with the initial optimum pH value at 8.0-9.0 and temperature at 30 degrees C on cell growth. During fermentation, hydrogen started to evolve when cell growth entered late-exponential phase and was mainly produced in the stationary phase. The strain was able to produce hydrogen over a wide range of initial pH from 5 to 10, with an optimum initial pH of 6. The level of hydrogen production was affected by the initial glucose concentration, and the optimum value was found to be 10 g glucose/l. The maximum hydrogen-producing yield (2246 ml/l) and overall hydrogen production rate (160 ml/l/h) were obtained at an initial glucose concentration of 10 g/l and an initial pH value of 7.2 in marine culture conditions. In particular, the level of hydrogen production was also affected by the salt concentration. Hydrogen production reached a higher level in fresh culture conditions than in marine ones. In marine conditions, hydrogen productivity was 108 ml/l/h at an initial glucose concentration of 20 g/l and pH value of 7.2, whereas, it increased by 27% in fresh conditions. In addition, this strain could produce hydrogen using glucose and many other carbon sources such as fructose, sucrose, sorbitol and so on. As a result, it is possible that P. agglomerans BH-18 is used for biohydrogen production and biological treatment of mariculture wastewater and marine organic waste. (C) 2008 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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In the course of a screening program, we have isolated the new natural product, 5,7-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroazocin-2(IH)-one (1), from the staurosporine producing marine-derived Streptomyces sp. strain QD518. Here we report the isolation and structure elucidation of 1 and the artifacts 3 and 4 resulting from I by acid catalyzed intra- and inter-molecular reactions.

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近年来,生物制氢技术与废物综合治理技术相结合,在处理废物的同时获得清洁的能源。目前生物制氢技术发展的瓶颈问题是高效产氢菌种的获得。因此,本研究采用不同预处理方法对海洋污泥的产氢能力的影响进行了分析,同时分离获得多株海洋产酸产氢细菌和海洋光合产氢细菌。 采用不同预处理方法(包括酸处理、碱处理、热处理和硝酸盐处理)获得海洋产酸产氢混合菌种,且其对产氢能力的影响进行分析。结果表明在所有预处理方法中,热处理的最大产氢量最高;于是,我们研究了不同起始pH值(pH 4-10.0)和不同底物浓度对热处理产氢菌群的产氢能力的影响。结果表明热处理产氢菌群的最适起始pH值为8.0,该值与天然海水的pH值相近。这意味着该产酸产氢菌群可作为海洋有机废物处理的候选菌群。 通过富集获得两类海洋光合产氢菌群,它们分别可以利用发酵产氢的关键副产物—乙酸或丁酸作为产氢碳源。研究表明温度、光照强度、起始pH和乙酸或丁酸浓度皆对两类光合产氢菌群的生长和产氢能力皆有明显影响。此外,产酸产氢菌群和光合细菌菌群耦联放氢进行了初步研究,结果表明藕联放氢可以获得较高的产氢量和底物利用率。 建立了一种厌氧产氢细菌的快速筛选方法。采用该方法从已获得的暗发酵和光合高效产氢菌群中分别分离高效产氢菌株。结果分离纯化获得暗发酵产氢细菌61株和光合产氢细菌34株。其中12株暗发酵产氢细菌和7株光合产氢细菌产氢量相对较高。 利用海水养殖有机废水进行微生物制氢技术将微生物制氢和环境治理相结合,是集污水治理和废物利用为一体的综合技术,具有广阔的应用前景,本研究为海水养殖有机废水进行微生物制氢技术发展奠定了基础。

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大米草是一种外来引种植物,本来引进的目的是为了保滩护岸、促淤造陆。然而大米草过度繁殖,侵袭海洋沿岸滩涂,所以综合开发大米草有着重要的经济意义和生态意义。本实验研究着力于将大米草水解液通过皮状丝孢酵母发酵而制取生物油脂。并且随着近年来石油价格的攀升和对于汽车尾气对环境造成的日趋严重的污染,生物柴油的开发受到高度重视。微生物油脂则是生物柴油生产的很好的原料,因为它无需占用耕地,而能够把农业加工剩余物或是其它的含纤维素的生物质转化为油脂。 本实验采用产油酵母菌皮状丝孢酵母(Trichosporon cutaneum)直接发酵经过简单脱毒处理的大米草水解液生产微生物油脂。在122℃,固—液比为10%(w/v),分别用1%、2%、4%和6%稀硫酸水解大米草,结果表明在6%的酸浓度下水解40 min后还原糖含量最高,达到22.8 g/L。而同时以1%稀硫酸在140℃下水解大米草,2.8h后,水解液中葡萄糖产量达到最高14.2g/L。确定了摇瓶发酵最适工艺条件:摇床转速200 rpm,接种量10%(v/v),装液量为200 mL (1000-mL三角瓶)。在此基础上,确定了水解液最适浓缩倍数和pH值,水解液浓缩倍数为4.0时产油量高达6.0 g/L,产油率为46.3%。本文为高效利用大米草提供了新的途径。 关键词:皮状丝孢酵母,大米草,水解,发酵,微生物油脂

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海洋微生物拥有丰富多样的次生代谢途径,其中海洋生物内生真菌次生代谢产物研究日益受到天然产物化学界的重视。本论文以菌丝体生物量、发酵产物重量、抗菌与细胞毒活性、薄层色谱分析结果以及高效液相色谱分析结果等为评价依据对采自青岛沿海的13株海藻内生真菌在四种液体培养基上的静置发酵产物进行了综合评价,并从中选择了黑曲霉Aspergillus niger EN-13(分离自褐藻囊藻Colpomenia sinuosa)和杂色曲霉A. versicolor EN-7(分离自褐藻鼠尾藻Sargassum thunbergii)两株真菌进行了30升规模发酵(分别采用GPYM培养基和PDB培养)和化学成分的研究,对分离得到的大部分化合物进行了初步的生物活性筛选。 发酵提取物采用常规的硅胶柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析,凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析、制备薄层层析、半制备高效液相色谱以及重结晶等分离手段,得到单体化合物。利用各种现代波谱技术(IR、UV、EI-MS、FAB-MS、HR-ESI-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、DEPT、1H-1H COSY、HSQC、HMBC等)并结合化学方法从两种菌株发酵提取物中鉴定了55个化合物的结构。其中从菌株A. niger EN-13分离鉴定了31个化合物,发现9个新化合物,包括2个鞘酯类化合物(AN-1~2)、3个萘并-γ-吡喃酮类化合物(AN-3~5)、3个苯乙基取代的α-吡喃酮类化合物(AN-17, AN-19~20)和1个甾体Diels-Alder加成产物(AN-21),另有1个新的天然环二肽(AN-27)被分离鉴定;从菌株A. versicolor EN-7分离鉴定了24个化合物,发现2个新化合物,为蒽醌AV-12与AV-17,另外,从前一菌株(A. niger EN-13)中鉴定的2个新鞘酯类化合物(AN-1~2)在A. versicolor EN-7中也被再次分离到。 对大部分单体化合物进行了抗菌活性、DPPH自由基清除活性和细胞毒活性测试。结果显示新化合物AN-1、AN-5和AN-20具有弱或中等强度的抑制白色念珠菌生长的活性,AN-4、AN-5、AN-21显示了弱或中等强度的抑制黑曲霉生长的活性,AV-12、AV-17显示了弱的抑制大肠杆菌生长的活性。在DPPH自由基清除活性筛选中,AN-5显示了中等强度的活性,其EC50为109.3 mM,与阳性对照BHT相近(EC50为81.8 mM)。其它部分已知化合物在抗菌和DPPH自由基清除活性的筛选中也显示了弱或中等强度的活性。在针对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721和人肺腺癌细胞株A549的体外细胞毒活性筛选中,所测样品均未显示显著活性。

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In order to explore marine microorganisms with medical potential, marine bacteria were isolated from seawater, sediment, marine invertebrates and seaweeds collected from different coastal areas of the China Sea. The antimicrobial activities of these bacteria were investigated. Ethyl acetate extracts of marine bacterial fermentation were screened for antimicrobial activities using the method of agar diffusion. The results showed that 42 strains of the isolates have antimicrobial activity. The proportion of active bacteria associated with marine invertebrates (20%) and seaweeds (11%) is higher than that isolated from seawater (7%) and sediment (5%). The active marine bacteria were assigned to the genera Alteromonas, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Flavobacterium. The TLC autobiographic overlay assay implied that the antimicrobial metabolites produced by four strains with wide antimicrobial spectrum were different. Due to a competitive role for space and nutrient, the marine bacteria associated with marine macroorganisms (invertebrates and seaweeds) could produce more antibiotic substances. These marine bacteria were expected to be potential resources of natural antibiotic products.

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多向主元分析(MPCA)是利用多变量统计方法从纷杂的海量数据信息中提取出能够准确表征数据信息的几个主元,并通过投影法来降低数据的维数,主要应用于间歇生产过程中.在实际的间歇生产过程中,由于各种原因导致各批次异步造成它们运行时间的不一致,而无法直接建立有效的统计模型,正交函数近似(OFA)是一种基于正交基的投影变换技术,通过对原始数据进行OFA处理后,可以用投影系数来描述原始数据所具有的特征,并且可以达到轨迹同步化和压缩数据量的目的.对OFA法进行了部分改进,并结合MPCA法对典型的间歇过程——青霉素发酵过程进行了仿真研究.结果表明,改进的OFA计算速度有了极大的提高,且改进的OFA-MPCA法能完好地对各批次进行同步、建模并得出准确的监视结果.

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The polymer-supported bimetallic catalyst FVP-PdCl2-2CuCl(2) (PVP, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), obtained in situ by the addition of CuCl2 to an alcoholic solution of PVP-PdCl2, exhibits high selectivity and activity for the oxidative carbonylation of aniline with carbon monoxide and oxygen to ethyl N-phenylcarbamate in the presence of a base (NaOAc) under atmospheric pressure. The strong synergic effect of Pd-Cu gives rise to a clear increase in the selectivity and activity. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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The polymer-supported bimetallic catalyst PVP-PdCl2-MnCl2 (PVP=poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)) exhibits high activity and selectivity for the oxidative carbonylation of amines with carbon monoxide and oxygen to carbamate esters under atmospheric pressure in the presence of a base (NaOAc). This catalyst is prepared by the addition of MnCl2 to the alcoholic solution of PVP-PdCl2 in situ. A remarkable bimetallic synergic effect and the role of PVP in PVP-PdCl2-MXn (MXn=the second transition metal component such as NiCl2, CoCl2, MnCl2 and FeCl3) gives rise to an obvious increase in the conversion and selectivity for the reaction. Among the second metal components tested, Mn-Pd exerts the strongest synergic effect. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Although the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum is currently uneconomic, the ability of the bacterium to metabolise a wide range of carbohydrates offers the potential for revival based on the use of cheap, low grade substrates. We have investigated the uptake and metabolism of lactose, the major sugar in industrial whey waste, by C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Lactose is taken up via a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) comprising both soluble and membrane-associated components, and the resulting phosphorylated derivative is hydrolysed by a phospho--galactosidase. These activities are induced during growth on lactose, but are absent in glucose-grown cells. Analysis of the C. acetobutylicum genome sequence identified a gene system, lacRFEG, encoding a transcriptional regulator of the DeoR family, IIA and IICB components of a lactose PTS, and phospho--galactosidase. During growth in medium containing both glucose and lactose, C. acetobutylicum exhibited a classical diauxic growth, and the lac operon was not expressed until glucose was exhausted from the medium. The presence upstream of lacR of a potential catabolite responsive element (cre) encompassing the transcriptional start site is indicative of the mechanism of carbon catabolite repression characteristic of low-GC Gram-positive bacteria. A pathway for the uptake and metabolism of lactose by this industrially important organism is proposed.