996 resultados para vida-útil


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El presente texto es el resultado de un peque?o ejercicio de investigaci?n que se propuso aplicar el legado de la Educaci?n Popular en el reconocimiento de las historias de vida como herramienta para la comprensi?n de la realidad social y el momento hist?rico. Para ello se retomaron conceptos y teorizaciones acerca del trabajo dom?stico, presente en la realidad social y pol?tica de un pa?s como Colombia, pero sobre todo en una sociedad como Santiago de Cali, donde la econom?a del cuidado y el trabajo dom?stico hacen parte de la condici?n de las mujeres, al igual que las diferencias en cuanto a g?nero y las posibilidades de empoderarse aparecen como elementos que contribuyen a la transformaci?n social. La propuesta se desarroll? desde un modelo cualitativo donde se utiliz? la historia de vida, que se construy? a partir de una entrevista en profundidad, la discusi?n con otras compa?eras y las t?cnicas de la producci?n audiovisual. Al final se concluye que la historia de vida no solo es una herramienta ?til para la Educaci?n Popular, sino que permite la compresi?n de los sujetos inmersos en un contexto social que los atraviesa y define, desde unas relaciones de poder que a su vez definen el lugar social que se ocupa.

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O presente artigo aborda aspetos que jamais poderão ser negligenciados na abordagem da criança no 1º ano de vida. A vigilância de saúde é a melhor forma de conhecer em tempo útil as potencialidades e fragilidades associadas ao crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil. Só conhecendo o crescimento normal se poderá estar desperto para identificar desvios que urgem em termos de intervenção precoce. Pela sua fragilidade e dependência, é importante que os pais estejam envolvidos nos processos de capacitação para intervir com segurança e eficácia. Neste artigo, que pretende ser um contributo para ajudar a encontrar respostas práticas, revê-se a importância da vigilância de saúde. Após uma revisão de literatura no âmbito da temática e consulta das diretrizes dos organismos de saúde, em especial o Programa Nacional de Vigilância de Saúde Infantil e Juvenil português, realça-se a vigilância como forma de capacitação dos cuidadores e identificação precoce de desvios da normalidade.

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A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é uma doença crônica com alta prevalência na população brasileira e mundial, com elevado custo econômico e social, principalmente em decorrência das suas complicações. A Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica tem se consolidado nas últimas décadas como um dos mais preocupantes problemas de saúde em nosso país, resultando em grande demanda para o Sistema Único de Saúde, que concentra 75% dos atendimentos, nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde. A causa exata na maioria dos casos de hipertensão não é identificada, porém sabe-se que é uma condição multifatorial. Vários são os fatores de risco que associados entre si e a outras condições favorecem o aparecimento desta patologia, sendo eles: idade, sexo, hereditariedade, raça, obesidade, estresse, anticoncepcionais orais, dieta rica em sódio e gorduras e diabetes mellitus. Após o diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial faz-se necessário a mudança no estilo de vida do indivíduo. Alterar esse estilo de vida não é uma tarefa fácil, porém se torna útil, pois assim o objetivo do tratamento será alcançado e o paciente poderá usufruir de uma vida mais saudável. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de intervenção para reduzir a prevalência de hipertensão arterial no PSF Boa Sorte de São João do Paraíso, Minas Gerais. Para a revisão bibliográfica, optou-se por uma pesquisa online através do acesso ao centro de informação da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) através da base de dados: Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) acerca dos fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial em adultos. 0s descritores utilizados para busca foram Hipertensão arterial, fatores de risco e Atenção Primária à Saúde. As principais propostas apresentadas foram aumentar o conhecimento acerca da hipertensão arterial, adoção aos modos e estilos de vida saudáveis pelos pacientes hipertensos, aumentar o atendimento dos pacientes com fatores de riscos e aumentar a realização de atividades de promoção e prevenção em saúde.

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We conducted an open, add-on study with topiramate (TPM) as adjunctive therapy in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), to assess the long-term efficacy and safety and to evaluate quality of life (QL) measurements in the chronic use of TPM. We studied 19 patients (11 male; age ranging from 4 to 14 years) with uncontrolled seizures receiving 2-3 anti-epileptic drugs. Patients were followed up to 36 months of treatment. A questionnaire was used to query parents about QL. Seven patients completed the study at 36 months and seizure frequency was reduced > 75% in 4, and < 50% in 3 patients. Two children became seizure free for more than 24 months. Most side effects were CNS related, with the most frequent being somnolence and anorexia. These were generally transient. One patient dropped-out due to powder in the urine. None of the patients required hospitalization. At 36 months, patients' alertness (2/7), interaction with environment (5/7), ability to perform daily activities (5/7), and verbal performance (6/7) improved on TPM. We conclude that TPM may be useful as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of LGS. The efficacy of TPM was maintained in long-term treatment in more than 40% of patients, long term safety was confirmed and QL improved on TPM.

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The individual affective-cognitive evaluations are important factors that control the way he feels the disease impact in his life. Then, the perception of seizure control is a more important factor to evaluate Quality of Life (QoL) than the illness characteristics, such as the severity, type, sickening period and seizure frequency. This study searched for the relationship among the subjective variables (perception of seizure control) and the illness characteristics to evaluate QoL. The sample consisted of 60 individuals with chronic epilepsy, aging 18 to 70 (M=37.05; SD=11.25), chosen at randon from the ambulatory of epilepsy - HC/UNICAMP, by the Questionnaire 65. The illness characteristics were not significant, except the seizures frequency, when associated to the impairment in QoL among controlled seizures and seizures with frequency higher than 10 per month (p=0.021). The perception of control was significantly associated to QoL (p=0.005).

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Seizures happen for brief periods of time, but the feelings of anxiety and helplessness, adaptation to the restrictions impose by the life-style and variety of other problems affect more the quality of life in epilepsy. This study proposes a protocol that regards the objectives of a quality of life assessment in health and is applied to a population that attends a university hospital. It contains 65 items and assesses the psychosocial performance, physical limitation, cognitive aspects, perception of control, self-concept, as well as perception of health and quality of life. The results of reliability and validity are discussed.

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In this paper a water quality index is developed to subsidize management actions in the Atibaia River for upon protection of aquatic organisms. This index is composed of two measurable environmental parameters normaly, ammonia and dissolved oxygen, the latter representing the contribution of organic matter. Concentrations of these two variables were normalized on a scale from 0 to 100 and translated into statements of quality (excellent, good, regular, bad and very bad). The index was applied to three monitoring points in the Atibaia River and compared to other indices used by the State of São Paulo Environmental Agency (CETESB). The results showed that the degradation in this watershed follows the urban population density. The developed index is more restricted than the other ones routinely used to infer water quality.

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OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the impact that trochanteric hip fractures produce on life quality of elderly patients, treated surgically, during one year of monitoring. METHODS: Were selected 73 elderly with transtrochanteric femur fracture, aged equal or over than 65 years and of both sexes. All participants underwent a standardized questionnaire which obtained information on lifestyle habits, functionality, physical activity, ambulation and cognitive state. Were excluded patients who died, not walking, with neurological diseases and pathological fractures. RESULTS: The average age was 80.17 ± 7.2 years and 75% was female. When comparing the summation of activities of daily living (p = 0.04) and instrumental daily living (p = 0.004) obtained before and after fracture, the patients become more dependent after fracture. Activities of daily living that worsened after fracture were bathing (p = 0.04), toileting (p = 0.02) and dressing (p = 0.04). All instrumental activities of daily living showed a significant difference, with functional dependence after fracture, increased need for walking aid (p = 0.00002), aged (p = 0.01) and not doing housework (p = 0.01). The low score on the test Minimental was associated with a greater dependence to perform activities of daily living before (p = 0.00002) and after (p = 0.01) fracture. CONCLUSION: After a year, activities of daily living that depended on the lower limbs worsened significantly, all instrumental activities of daily living were significantly worse in more than 50% of patients and more than half of patients who walked without support lost this ability.

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This paper aims to identify and analyze the reasons pointed by mothers to prolong breastfeeding beyond the first year of the child s life. The study involved 40 mothers whose children were treated in the Preventive Program of Research and Dental Treatment Center for Special Patients - Dental School of Piracicaba - UNICAMP. The group consisted of mothers who prolonged the breastfeeding beyond the baby s first year of life. All mothers were surveyed by a researcher using a specific questionnaire. In order to avoid information loss, the interviews were taped, then transcripted. Results showed that the main cause of the extended breastfeeding was maternal pleasure. It was also observed that the mother and infant attachment favors prolonged breastfeeding occurrence. Further studies should be carried out for more accurate functional analyses of variable that lead to extend breastfeeding or to wean.

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Our aim was to verify the influence of a physical activities proposal in the quality of life and self image of incontinent women. This study was comparative and exploratory and was developed in 16 weeks. Thirty-seven women with and without urinary incontinence (IU) participated in the study. After the study, significant improvement in general health perception (p < 0.001), UI impact (p = 0.035), physical limitations (p = 0.015), personal relations, (p = 0.048), sleep and disposition (p = 0.012) and concerned with the gravity measurements (p = 0.011) was observed. Concerning self image, alterations in appearance were not observed; however, concerning body satisfaction, the women felt less satisfied with their bodies (p = 0.007). There was a reduction in the number of regions where they felt pain (p = 0.0003) and that they did not like (p = 0.0017). In conclusion, the Physical Education professionals using a systematized and integrated physical activities program can lead the women with IU to significant improvement in the perception of their quality of life and health concerning their self image with improvement of the IU symptoms and reduction of frequency and amount of urinary loss.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física