TRA GLI INTONACI MEDIEVALI Dl UN'ALTRA LOMBARDIA. La pittura murale dell'XI-XIII secolo in Canton Ticino

Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de la peinture murale des Xle-Xllle siècles dans l'actuel Canton du Tessin. A cette époque, la région qui compose ce territoire ne constituait pas une unité, mais formait les contrées plus éloignées, adossées au massif central des Alpes, des; villes et des diocèses de Côme et Milan. L'histoire de ses limites territoriales et politiques a déterminé aussi l'orientation de l'histoire des études: l'actuel Canton du Tessiri n'a pas vraiment été considéré ni par les chercheurs qui se sont occupés de la Lombardie, ni par ceux qui se sont occupés de la Suisse: d'une part, car aujourd'hui il ne fait plus partie de la Lombardie, de l'autre, parce qu'à l'époque médiévale il ne faisait pas encore partie du territoire suisse. On a donc affaire à un sujet d'étude marginalisé, qui a pendant longtemps aussi souffert de la marginalité historiographique du Tessin médiéval, considéré comme une région culturellement «en retard» par rapport aux centres de Côme et Milan. À travers le filtre historiographique naît ainsi l'exigence d'étudier ce territoire de manière cohérente, tout en étant conscient de sa fragmentation à l'époque médiévale. Par le recensement et l'analyse de tous les témoignages picturaux des XP-Xllle siècles existants ou désormais disparus, mais pour lesquels subsiste de la documentation visuelle, nous avons essayé de dresser la physionomie artistique de cette région: il s'agissait non seulement de définir leur relations avec les éléments lombards proches, mais dans l'ensemble qu'ils composent avec ceux-ci. Et c'est justement cette unité entre la réalité lombarde et celle tessinoise que, dans la limite du possible, nous avons cherché à recomposer dans ce travail. A cause de sa longue durée, l'arc chronologique choisi s'est révélé fondamental pour saisir les dynamiques et les mécanismes - indispensables, par exemple, pour comprendre le rapport entre centre et périphérie ou la géographie artistique du territoire considéré - qui échapperaient à un regard chronologique plus restreint. Cette contextualisation a mené à une ouverture ultérieure. Historiquement replacés à l'intérieur du panorama pictural lombard, les témoignages tessinois ont été l'objet d'une mise eri perspective plus large qui a permis - quand cela était possible - de les insérer dans la culture artistique contemporaine. Traversée par certaines parmi les plus importantes voies de communication reliant le Nord et le Sud des Alpes, la condition liminaire de cette région ne semble pas avoir conditionné de manière déterminante ses échanges avec d'autres réalités: elle n'apparaît ni plus réceptive, ni plus imperméable que d'autres régions lombardes envers les différents horizons culturels sur lesquels la Lombardie était ouverte, se nourrissant d'apports variés. Les points de contact relevés fournissent des précieux indices sur le fonctionnement des ateliers, sur la circulation des modèles et sur les commanditaires. Ces différents niveaux d'analyse déterminent la structure du travail: le catalogue d'oeuvres examinées - organisé en fiches ordonnées selon la chronologie établie sur la base des résultats apparus lors de l'analyse historique-artistique - est précédé par une partie introductive plus discursive. Cette dernière met en évidence et analyse les émergences principales, situant les ensembles étudiés entre eux et à l'intérieur de l'époque à laquelle ils appartiennent. La définition de la physionomie artistique de la région tessinoise apporte ainsi de nouveaux repères non seulement dans la connaissance de l'art des siècles centraux du Moyen Âge Lombard, mais aussi du vaste espace alpin situé au coeur de l'Occident médiéval.

Culture stratégique et libéralisation politique au Myanmar

Le Myanmar traverse un processus de libéralisation politique qui a été entamé par le haut. Le régime militaire a tenu des élections générales en 2010, lesquelles ont placé au pouvoir un nouveau gouvernement composé à la fois de civils et de militaires. Depuis, la majorité des sanctions imposées par plusieurs États occidentaux au Myanmar ont été levées, et on observe une diversification des relations internationales du pays. Imbriqué à la sphère d’influence chinoise depuis quelques années, celui-ci rétablit des contacts diplomatiques et économiques avec l’Occident. Peu de chercheurs ont tenté d’expliquer les causes de cette transition politique, et le lien entre libéralisation politique et diversification des relations internationales n’a pas encore été expliqué. Ce mémoire propose de le faire en utilisant un modèle théorique issu de deux types de littérature, celle sur la culture stratégique et celle sur les transitions politiques. Il suggère que la libéralisation politique du Myanmar s’explique par les luttes d’influences au sein du régime entre deux sous-cultures stratégiques, les hardliners et les softliners. L’application des normes favorisées par les hardliners ayant échoué dans l’atteinte des objectifs stratégiques du régime, les softliners ont pu imposer leurs propres préférences normatives. Il propose également que la libéralisation politique était une étape nécessaire pour que le gouvernement birman puisse diversifier ses relations internationales.

Música de câmara de Rodil, Pla e Avondano: a flauta na 2ª metade do séc. XVIII e o estilo galante ibérico

O presente trabalho é uma abordagem teórica e interpretativa à música para traverso de António Rodil (c.1730-1787), Pedro Avondano (1714-1782) e dos irmãos Pla. A interação entre as duas componentes do discurso são fundamentos essenciais para uma global compreensão das obras, sendo por sua vez, foco central no tratamento do estilo galante ibérico. A dissertação esta dividida em 5 capítulos; 1. contextualização da prática musical em Portugal na segunda metade do séc. XVIII; 2. o percurso artístico do flautista António Rodil (c.1730-1787); 3. a música de câmara de Pedro Avondano (1714-1782) e a primeira obra conhecida para o traverso em Portugal A Collection ofLisbon Minuets for two Violins or two German flutes and bass (1766); 4. o traverso na obra dos irmãos PLA; 5. reflexões em torno das questões interpretativas.

L’inconscient dans le texte littéraire?

Quand l’inconscient passe la frontière du conscient, il n’est plus inconscient; il devient “consciencialisable”, il n’est donc plus ce qu’il avait été jusquelà: il n’est plus luimême. Comment pourrionsnous le percevoir à ce momentlà, comme quelque chose d’inconscient ou bien même en parler scientifiquement? Et comment pourrions nous parler de l’inconscient en tant qu’élément appartenant à la littérature, ou en en tant qu’élément constitutif de celleci ou même comme oeuvre littéraire, quand, dans un premier temps, nous percevons le texte littéraire comme une simple disposition de lettres, et non comme un être humain, dont nous pourrions expliquer les actes par des motivations inconscientes? Quel élément traverse la limite de l’inconscient vers le conscient, puis traverse la frontière entre l’homme et le texte et repasse du texte à l’homme? Qu’est ce que cela signifiait autrefois, qu’est ce que cela signifie à l’heure actuelle? Se produitil vraiment quelque chose? Y atil vraiment “quelque chose” qui traverse la frontière menant au texte? Qu’est ce qui nous donne donc le droit, au nom de la “science”, de formuler des suppositions psychanalytiques sur l’inconscient d’un texte.

SOVLENT REACTIVITY AND INTERFACE EVOLUTION AT MODEL ELECTRODES FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS

The Li-ion rechargeable battery (LIB) is widely used as an energy storage device, but has significant limitations in battery cycle life and safety. During initial charging, decomposition of the ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes of the LIB leads to the formation of a passivating layer on the anode known as the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The formation of an SEI has great impact on the cycle life and safety of LIB, yet mechanistic aspects of SEI formation are not fully understood. In this dissertation, two surface science model systems have been created under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) to probe the very initial stage of SEI formation at the model carbon anode surfaces of LIB. The first model system, Model System I, is an lithium-carbonate electrolyte/graphite C(0001) system. I have developed a temperature programmed desorption/temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPD/TPRS) instrument as part of my dissertation to study Model System I in quantitative detail. The binding strengths and film growth mechanisms of key electrolyte molecules on model carbon anode surfaces with varying extents of lithiation were measured by TPD. TPRS was further used to track the gases evolved from different reduction products in the early-stage SEI formation. The branching ratio of multiple reaction pathways was quantified for the first time and determined to be 70.% organolithium products vs. 30% inorganic lithium product. The obtained branching ratio provides important information on the distribution of lithium salts that form at the very onset of SEI formation. One of the key reduction products formed from EC in early-stage SEI formation is lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LEDC). Despite intensive studies, the LEDC structure in either the bulk or thin-film (SEI) form is unknown. To enable structural study, pure LEDC was synthesized and subject to synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements (bulk material) and STM measurements (deposited films). To enable studies of LEDC thin films, Model System II, a lithium ethylene dicarbonate (LEDC)-dimethylformamide (DMF)/Ag(111) system was created by a solution microaerosol deposition technique. Produced films were then imaged by ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV-STM). As a control, the dimethylformamide (DMF)-Ag(111) system was first prepared and its complex 2D phase behavior was mapped out as a function of coverage. The evolution of three distinct monolayer phases of DMF was observed with increasing surface pressure — a 2D gas phase, an ordered DMF phase, and an ordered Ag(DMF)2 complex phase. The addition of LEDC to this mixture, seeded the nucleation of the ordered DMF islands at lower surface pressures (DMF coverages), and was interpreted through nucleation theory. A structural model of the nucleation seed was proposed, and the implication of ionic SEI products, such as LEDC, in early-stage SEI formation was discussed.

CATARINA 2012-Leg 1 - CTD-O2 Data report

The CATARINA Leg1 cruise was carried out from June 22 to July 24 2012 on board the B/O Sarmiento de Gamboa, under the scientific supervision of Aida Rios (CSIC-IIM). It included the occurrence of the OVIDE hydrological section that was performed in June 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010, as part of the CLIVAR program (name A25) ), and under the supervision of Herlé Mercier (CNRSLPO). This section begins near Lisbon (Portugal), runs through the West European Basin and the Iceland Basin, crosses the Reykjanes Ridge (300 miles north of Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, and ends at Cape Hoppe (southeast tip of Greenland). The objective of this repeated hydrological section is to monitor the variability of water mass properties and main current transports in the basin, complementing the international observation array relevant for climate studies. In addition, the Labrador Sea was partly sampled (stations 101-108) between Greenland and Newfoundland, but heavy weather conditions prevented the achievement of the section south of 53°40’N. The quality of CTD data is essential to reach the first objective of the CATARINA project, i.e. to quantify the Meridional Overturning Circulation and water mass ventilation changes and their effect on the changes in the anthropogenic carbon ocean uptake and storage capacity. The CATARINA project was mainly funded by the Spanish Ministry of Sciences and Innovation and co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. The hydrological OVIDE section includes 95 surface-bottom stations from coast to coast, collecting profiles of temperature, salinity, oxygen and currents, spaced by 2 to 25 Nm depending on the steepness of the topography. The position of the stations closely follows that of OVIDE 2002. In addition, 8 stations were carried out in the Labrador Sea. From the 24 bottles closed at various depth at each stations, samples of sea water are used for salinity and oxygen calibration, and for measurements of biogeochemical components that are not reported here. The data were acquired with a Seabird CTD (SBE911+) and an SBE43 for the dissolved oxygen, belonging to the Spanish UTM group. The software SBE data processing was used after decoding and cleaning the raw data. Then, the LPO matlab toolbox was used to calibrate and bin the data as it was done for the previous OVIDE cruises, using on the one hand pre and post-cruise calibration results for the pressure and temperature sensors (done at Ifremer) and on the other hand the water samples of the 24 bottles of the rosette at each station for the salinity and dissolved oxygen data. A final accuracy of 0.002°C, 0.002 psu and 0.04 ml/l (2.3 umol/kg) was obtained on final profiles of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen, compatible with international requirements issued from the WOCE program.

Fish Reproduction Is Disrupted upon Lifelong Exposure to Environmental PAHs Fractions Revealing Different Modes of Action

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a large family of organic pollutants emitted in the environment as complex mixtures, the compositions of which depend on origin. Among a wide range of physiological defects, PAHs are suspected to be involved in disruption of reproduction. In an aquatic environment, the trophic route is an important source of chronic exposure to PAHs. Here, we performed trophic exposure of zebrafish to three fractions of different origin, one pyrolytic and two petrogenic. Produced diets contained PAHs at environmental concentrations. Reproductive traits were analyzed at individual, tissue and molecular levels. Reproductive success and cumulative eggs number were disrupted after exposure to all three fractions, albeit to various extents depending on the fraction and concentrations. Histological analyses revealed ovary maturation defects after exposure to all three fractions as well as degeneration after exposure to a pyrolytic fraction. In testis, hypoplasia was observed after exposure to petrogenic fractions. Genes expression analysis in gonads has allowed us to establish common pathways such as endocrine disruption or differentiation/maturation defects. Taken altogether, these results indicate that PAHs can indeed disrupt fish reproduction and that different fractions trigger different pathways resulting in different effects.

Relatório final de estágio pedagógico realizado na Escola Secundária com 3º ciclo de Caneças

O objetivo do presente relatório é realizar uma análise critica sobre o processo de estágio pedagógico em Educação Física, desenvolvido na Escola Secundária com 3º ciclo de Caneças, Caneças, Odivelas, no ano letivo de 2012/2013 e que consistiu na primeira experiência formativa de prática de ensino em contexto real. O desenvolvimento do estágio iniciou-se com alguns condicionalismos provocados por uma situação particular da escola de estágio, que foram ultrapassados pelo bom funcionamento e dinâmica do núcleo de estágio. Verificou-se uma evolução progressiva no desempenho do professor em todas as dimensões da área da organização e gestão do ensino e da aprendizagem. A elaboração do projeto de investigação permitiu fornecer aos professores do Departamento de Educação Física soluções para ultrapassar as dificuldades de lecionação na matéria da dança. O trabalho desenvolvido nas áreas da participação da escola e da relação com a comunidade foram importantes para adquirir e compreender várias funções do professor fora do contexto da sala de aula. Como conclusão, reconhece-se que a reflexão crítica e a perseverança durante o processo formativo foi a base para o trabalho desenvolvido. Através da reflexão final é enfatizado o quanto a qualidade profissional dos professores é importante para o bom processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos, assim como, a persistência e a ambição que o professor deve ter pela melhoria das suas ações.

Intra urban air temperature distributions in historic urban center

The study investigates the urban heat island effect in Malaysian historic town Malacca through seven mobile traverses, as carried out on 10 December 2011. It aims to identify the intra-urban air temperature differences between heritage core zone, new development area and outskirts of the city. Air temperature variations were also analyzed across three different zones; namely the outskirts, the heritage site and the city center district. Heat index values were then calculated based on air temperature and relative humidity to gauge the level of outdoor thermal comfort within the study area. Based on the indications, one may conclude that the heritage place’s core zone is currently threatened by escalating temperatures and that its current temperature range falls within the “caution” and “extreme caution” categories. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the peak temperatures of the old city quarters and newer areas; despite the disparities in their urban forms. Therefore, it is hoped that the study, with its implications, will be able to influence future environmental consideration in heritage city of Melaka.

Market-based sensor relocation by robot team inwireless sensor networks

Randomly scattered sensors may cause sensing holes and redundant sensors. In carrier-based sensor relocation, mobile robots (with limited capacity to carry sensors) pick up additional or redundant sensors and relocate them at sensing holes. In the only known localized algorithm, robots randomly traverse field and act based on identified pair of spare sensor and coverage hole. We propose a Market-based Sensor Relocation (MSR) algorithm, which optimizes sensor deployment location, and introduces bidding and coordinating among neighboring robots. Sensors along the boundary of each hole elect one of them as the representative, which bids to neighboring robots for hole filling service. Each robot randomly explores by applying Least Recently Visited policy. It chooses the best bid according to Cost over Progress ratio and fetches a spare sensor nearby to cover the corresponding sensing hole. Robots within communication range share their tasks to search for better possible solutions. Simulation shows that MSR outperforms the existing competing algorithm G-R3S2 significantly on total robot traversed path and energy, and time to cover holes, slightly on number of sensors needed to cover the hole and number of sensor messages for bidding and deployment location sharing.

Urbanization impacts on mammals across urban-forest edges and a predictive model of edge effects

With accelerating rates of urbanization worldwide, a better understanding of ecological processes at the wildland-urban interface is critical to conserve biodiversity. We explored the effects of high and low-density housing developments on forest-dwelling mammals. Based on habitat characteristics, we expected a gradual decline in species abundance across forest-urban edges and an increased decline rate in higher contrast edges. We surveyed arboreal mammals in sites of high and low housing density along 600 m transects that spanned urban areas and areas turn on adjacent native forest. We also surveyed forest controls to test whether edge effects extended beyond our edge transects. We fitted models describing richness, total abundance and individual species abundance. Low-density housing developments provided suitable habitat for most arboreal mammals. In contrast, high-density housing developments had lower species richness, total abundance and individual species abundance, but supported the highest abundances of an urban adapter (Trichosurus vulpecula). We did not find the predicted gradual decline in species abundance. Of four species analysed, three exhibited no response to the proximity of urban boundaries, but spilled over into adjacent urban habitat to differing extents. One species (Petaurus australis) had an extended negative response to urban boundaries, suggesting that urban development has impacts beyond 300 m into adjacent forest. Our empirical work demonstrates that high-density housing developments have negative effects on both community and species level responses, except for one urban adapter. We developed a new predictive model of edge effects based on our results and the literature. To predict animal responses across edges, our framework integrates for first time: (1) habitat quality/preference, (2) species response with the proximity to the adjacent habitat, and (3) spillover extent/sensitivity to adjacent habitat boundaries. This framework will allow scientists, managers and planners better understand and predict both species responses across edges and impacts of development in mosaic landscapes.

The use of topographic fire refuges by the greater glider (Petauroides volans) and the mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus cunninghami) following a landscape-scale fire

We examined the abundance of arboreal marsupials in topographic fire refuges after a major fire in a stand-replacing crown-fire forest ecosystem. We surveyed the abundance of arboreal marsupials across 48 sites in rainforest gullies burnt to differing extents by the 2009 fires in the mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests of the Victorian Central Highlands, Australia. The greater glider (Petauroides volans) was less abundant within the extent of the 2009 fire. The mountain brushtail possum (Trichosurus cunninghami) was more abundant within the extent of the 2009 fire, particularly within unburnt peninsulas protruding into burnt areas from unburnt edges. Our results indicate that fire refuges may facilitate the persistence of some species within extensively burnt landscapes. Additional work should seek to clarify this finding and identify the demographic mechanisms underlying this response.

Optimising the impact of education for community pharmacy in Australia

Aims & rationale/Objectives : This paper examines the extent to which different models of community pharmacist continuing education (CE) are evidence-based. It also describes the impact of varying education models on attendance and attitudes within the profession.

Methods : A literature review was conducted to establish principles that should be applied to health professional education, and pharmacy in particular. Interviews were conducted with representatives from four organisations involved in the education of pharmacists to understand their current models. Four focus groups were held with community pharmacists to understand their educational experiences and attitudes.

Principal findings : The purpose of CE is to improve the clinical performance of health practitioners. Literature examining outcomes from CE underlines the importance of adult learning principles. Focus groups supported the view that consideration of these principles is beneficial. These principles, including problem-based learning, clinical applicability, relevance, and active involvement in the learning process, are currently incorporated into educational models to varying extents. Access problems such as cost, distance, insufficient flexibility in delivery, and poor promotion of educational opportunities prevent many pharmacists from taking responsibility for their own learning. A lack of appropriate assessment by some registering authorities is counterproductive to achieving CE outcomes in clinical practice. Participants already engaged in continuing professional development (CPD) agreed with the principles of its introduction.

Discussion : Optimising outcomes from CE requires considerable input from numerous stakeholders. The recent introduction of mandatory pharmacist CPD across Australia should encourage an individual focus on learning outcomes. Focus group participants are likely to be education enthusiasts and may not represent the views of the entire profession.

Implications : This study identifies the need for a system-wide approach for achieving outcomes from CE. It is therefore advisable that a coordinated strategy be developed by all stakeholders for education delivery so as to optimise the impact of CE.

The performance of the urban water and wastewater sectors in Australia

Substantial structural reform has occurred in the water and wastewater sectors of Australia's major urban centers over the past two decades. This reform has involved the corporatization of government assets and some vertical and horizontal separation. This paper analyses the performance of these sectors since the mid 1990s. In particular, it uses Malmquist Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to determine the different levels of productivity and efficiency improvement over this period. The results point to modest, but positive productivity gains in the larger urban centers, independent of industry structure. Further, it highlights the need to consider exogenous factors that can influence productivity outcomes in an industry generally associated with monopoly characteristics and dependent on water sources that are, to varying extents, unpredictable and uncontrollable.