Redes neurais artificiais no ambiente de redes industriais foundation fieldbus usando blocos funcionais padrões

Industrial automation networks is in focus and is gradually replacing older architectures of systems used in automation world. Among existing automation networks, most prominent standard is the Foundation Fieldbus (FF). This particular standard was chosen for the development of this work thanks to its complete application layer specification and its user interface, organized as function blocks and that allows interoperability among different vendors' devices. Nowadays, one of most seeked solutions on industrial automation are the indirect measurements, that consist in infering a value from measures of other sensors. This can be made through implementation of the so-called software sensors. One of the most used tools in this project and in sensor implementation are artificial neural networks. The absence of a standard solution to implement neural networks in FF environment makes impossible the development of a field-indirect-measurement project, besides other projects involving neural networks, unless a closed proprietary solution is used, which dos not guarantee interoperability among network devices, specially if those are from different vendors. In order to keep the interoperability, this work's goal is develop a solution that implements artificial neural networks in Foundation Fieldbus industrial network environment, based on standard function blocks. Along the work, some results of the solution's implementation are also presented

Estratégia de escalonamento de controladores PID baseado em regras Fuzzy para redes industriais foundation fieldbus usando blocos padrões

The main objective of work is to show procedures to implement intelligent control strategies. This strategies are based on fuzzy scheduling of PID controllers, by using only standard function blocks of this technology. Then, the standardization of Foundation Fieldbus is kept. It was developed an environment to do the necessary tests, it validates the propose. This environment is hybrid, it has a real module (the fieldbus) and a simulated module (the process), although the control signals and measurement are real. Then, it is possible to develop controllers projects. In this work, a fuzzy supervisor was developed to schedule a network of PID controller for a non-linear plant. Analyzing its performance results to the control and regulation problem

Classificação de padrões através de um comitê de máquinas aprimorado por aprendizagem por reforço

Reinforcement learning is a machine learning technique that, although finding a large number of applications, maybe is yet to reach its full potential. One of the inadequately tested possibilities is the use of reinforcement learning in combination with other methods for the solution of pattern classification problems. It is well documented in the literature the problems that support vector machine ensembles face in terms of generalization capacity. Algorithms such as Adaboost do not deal appropriately with the imbalances that arise in those situations. Several alternatives have been proposed, with varying degrees of success. This dissertation presents a new approach to building committees of support vector machines. The presented algorithm combines Adaboost algorithm with a layer of reinforcement learning to adjust committee parameters in order to avoid that imbalances on the committee components affect the generalization performance of the final hypothesis. Comparisons were made with ensembles using and not using the reinforcement learning layer, testing benchmark data sets widely known in area of pattern classification

Variação do tamanho de sementes de plantas daninhas e sua influência nos padrões de emergência das plântulas

Estudos relacionados ao tamanho de sementes e sua influência no processo germinativo de plantas daninhas são necessários devido à grande importância das espécies e à escassez de informações relacionadas à produção de sementes dessas plantas. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetivou estudar a variação do tamanho de sementes de 12 espécies de plantas daninhas e a emergência de duas dessas espécies semeadas em diferentes profundidades. Foi mensurado o peso unitário de 200 sementes por espécie de planta daninha selecionada e estabelecidas curvas de distribuição das frequências não acumuladas para o peso das sementes das espécies, utilizando-se o modelo de Gompertz. Após a classificação por tamanho (pequenas, médias e grandes), sementes de Ipomoea purpurea e Brachiaria decumbens foram semeadas em campo, em canteiros de 1,2 m², em diferentes profundidades no solo (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 cm) de cada tratamento (profundidade); efetuaram-se quatro repetições. de maneira geral, no primeiro estudo, os resultados indicaram que não há como se referir ao peso de sementes das espécies de plantas daninhas estudadas considerando-se apenas a média dessa característica, devido à variação que pode ser encontrada. Essa grande variação no tamanho das sementes pode estar associada, também, a variações nos padrões de emergência, o que foi verificado no segundo estudo para a espécie I. purpurea. O índice de velocidade de emergência para I. purpurea foi maior para 4 cm de profundidade nas sementes pequenas, 8 cm nas sementes médias e de 6 a 10 cm de profundidade nas sementes grandes.

Desgaste de polímeros estruturais de engenharia em contato de deslizamento com cilindro metálico

Present work proposed to map and features the wear mechanisms of structural polymers of engineering derived of the sliding contact with a metallic cylindrical spindle submitted to eccentricity due to fluctuations in it is mass and geometric centers. For this it was projected and makes an experimental apparatus from balancing machine where the cylindrical counterbody was supported in two bearings and the polymeric coupon was situated in a holder with freedom of displacement along counterbody. Thus, the experimental tests were standardized using two position of the two bearings (Fixed or Free) and seven different positions along the counterbody, that permit print different conditions to the stiffness from system. Others parameters as applied normal load, sliding velocity and distance were fixed. In this investigation it was used as coupon two structural polymers of wide quotidian use, PTFE (polytetrafluroethylene) and PEEK (poly-ether-ether-ketone) and the AISI 4140 alloy steel as counterbody. Polymeric materials were characterized by thermal analysis (thermogravimetric, differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic-mechanical), hardness and rays-X diffractometry. While the metallic material was submitted at hardness, mechanical resistance tests and metallographic analysis. During the tribological tests were recorded the heating response with thermometers, yonder overall velocity vibration (VGV) and the acceleration using accelerometers. After tests the wear surface of the coupons were analyzed using a Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) to morphological analysis and spectroscopy EDS to microanalysis. Moreover the roughness of the counterbody was characterized before and after the tribological tests. It was observed that the tribological response of the polymers were different in function of their distinct molecular structure. It were identified the predominant wear mechanisms in each polymer. The VGV of the PTFE was smaller than PEEK, in the condition of minimum stiffness, in function of the higher loss coefficient of that polymer. Wear rate of the PTFE was more of a magnitude order higher than PEEK. With the results was possible developed a correlation between the wear rate and parameter (E/ρ)1/2 (Young modulus, E, density, ρ), proportional at longitudinal elastic wave velocity in the material.

Efeito da adição de argila expandida e adições minerais na formulação de concretos estruturais leves autoadensáveis

The search for alternative materials with lower density, reduction in heat transfer and propagation of noise associated with the ease of handling and application in concrete structures, represents an enormous challenge in the formulation and knowledge of the performance of self-compacting lightweight concrete, which has technology little known nationally, and appears on the international scene as an innovative material and alternative to conventional concrete. Based on these, this study set out to study self-compacting lightweight concrete made with two distinct grades of expanded clay associated with the addition of plasticizing/superplasticizers additives and mineral additions of metakaolin and bagasse ash of sugar cane. There is also an object of study, evaluation of pozzolanic activity of mineral admixtures and their influence on the durability characteristics of concrete. The rheological, physical, mechanical and microstructural analysis in this study served as basis in the classification of concretes autoadensáveis, targeting the national technical requirements for their classification in the category autoadensável and lightweight structural. The inclusion of mineral admixtures (metakaolin and bagasse ash of sugar cane), partial replacement of cement, pozzolanic activity and demonstrated maintenance of mechanical properties through the filler effect, a reduction of up to 76% of the nitrogen gas permeability in blend with 20% bagasse ash. All concretes had rheology (cohesion and consistency) suitable for self-adensability as well as strength and density inherent structural lightweight concrete without presenting phenomena of segregation and exudation

Estudo das variáveis de processamento das matérias-primas da região do crato - ce na fabricação de produtos cerâmicos por extrusão e por prensagem

The limits to inform is about the character stico of basic, quimica, mineralogical and mechaniques of matlaughed material used in the manufacturing process the product certified in economic region the Cariri, specifically in the city of Crato, Ceará state, motivated the development of this work, since in this region the exist ing economic context that a general appear as important in the production chains. Were made twentyfive soils-test specimen collection and the study was performed to differentiate the mat laugh materials of variaveis processing of mathing raw materials in the factory The product mica monkeys by extrusion and pressing. The results were obtained ap s as analyzes: grain size, index of plasticity, fluoresce incidence X-ray difration the X-ray, and analyzes thermicals and properties technological. through s of curves gresifica returned to was a comparison between the retro the linear, absorb to water, porosity and bulk density. the results show that the excellent distribution and character acceptable available for the processing of the structure color dark red. needing, therefore, of the mixture of a less plastic clay with thick granulation, that works as plasticity reducer. In spite of the different resignation forms for prensagem and extrusion, the characteristics of absorption of water and rupture tension the flexing was shown inside of the patterns of ABNT

Análise topológica experimental por perfilometria cíclica indutiva de superficies de paredes estruturais

To enhance the maintenance practices, Oil and Gas Pipelines are inspected from the inside by automated systems called PIG (Pipeline Inspection Gauge). The inspection and mapping of defects, as dents and holes, in the internal wall of these pipelines are increasingly put into service toward an overall Structural Integrity Policy. The residual life of these structures must be determined such that minimize its probability of failure. For this reason, the investigation on the detection limits of some basic topological features constituted by peaks or valleys disposed along a smooth surface is of great value for determining the sensitivity of the measurements of defects from some combinations of circumferential, axial and radial extent. In this investigation, it was analyzed an inductive profilometric sensor to scan three races, radius r1, r2, r3, in a circular surface of low carbon steel, equipped with eight consecutive defects simulated by bulges and holes by orbit, equally spaced at p/4 rad. A test rig and a methodology for testing in laboratory were developed to evaluate the sensor response and identify their dead zones and jumps due to fluctuations as a function of topological features and scanning velocity, four speeds different. The results are presented, analyzed and suggestions are made toward a new conception of sensor topologies, more sensible to detect these type of damage morphologies

Produção de forragem, características estruturais e eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio em forrageiras tropicais sob adubação nitrogenada

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of nitrogen on the morphogenesis, structural and productive grass Panicum maximum cvs. Mombaca and Tanzania, and Brachiaria sp. Mulato. The experiment was conducted under field conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 3x4 factorial design with three forages (Panicum maximum cvs. Tanzania and Mombaca and Brachiaria sp. cv. Mulato), four N rates (0, 40, 80 and 160 kg ha(-1)) with three replications. Were evaluated the following parameters: fresh matter production (FMP), dry matter production (DMP), plant height, percentage of dry matter, leaves per tiller, dry matter accumulation rate (DMAR) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Grasses Mombasa and Tanzania showed similar results, and both were superior to Mulato grass for the production of fresh and dry matter. The three species responded to nitrogen application, with an increase in FMP, DMP, DMAR, height and number of tillers. The maximum efficiency in use of N was obtained with a dose of 120 kg ha(-1).

Atividades estruturais de equações polinomiais numa abordagem histórica por meio de e-book

The present study investigates how the inter-relationship of the content of polynomial equations works with structured activities and with the history of mathematics through a sequence of activities presented in an e-book, so that the result of this research will proceed will result in a didactic and pedagogic proposal for the teaching of polynomial equations in a historical approach via the reported e-book. Therefore, we have considered in theoretical and methodological assumptions of the History of Mathematics, in structured activities and new technologies with an emphasis on e-book tool. We used as a methodological approach the qualitative research, as our research object adjusts to the objectives of this research mode. As methodological instruments, we used the e-book as a synthesis tool of the sequence of activities to be evaluated, while the questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and participant observation were designed to register and analyze the evaluation made by the research, participants in the structured activities. The processing and analysis of data collected though the questionnaires were organized, classified and quantified in summary tables to facilitate visualization, interpretation, understanding, and analysis of these data. As for participant observation was used to contribute to the qualitative analysis of the quantified data. The interviews were synthetically transcribed and qualitatively analyzed. The analysis ratified our research objectives and contributed to improve, approve and indicate the use of e-book for the teaching of polynomial equations. Thus, we consider that this educational product will bring significant contributions to the teaching of mathematical content, in Basic Education

Se inicia oração com pronome clítico? Atitudes linguísticas, na escola, em relação aos padrões brasileiros de colocação pronominal

Focusing on the empirical assessment issue, proposed by Language change theory (cf. cf. WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006; LABOV, [1972] 2008), this research assists to clarifying Portuguese teacher s attitudes in Natal- RN, regarding (a) to proclisis in three specific contexts: in the beginning of a simple/compound sentence (V1), after the subjects (SV), and proclisis after the secondary verb in complex verbal structures (V1V2); (b) to students who use such patterns in usage. Specific contexts were gathered thanks to their representing of the standard variety, as many studies have proven (Martins, 2012; Schei, 2003; Biazzoli, 2010, 2012). The research aims at: (i) verifying by means of a classroom assessment test, whether Portuguese teachers correct proclisis on referred contexts; (ii) identifying, via attitudinal tests what actions teachers take regarding to the usage of standards above mentioned, as well as students as users of those. Twenty Portuguese teachers, picked at random out of different of public schools in Natal-RN, responded to a classroom assessment test in addition to other two attitudinal ones. Results achieved point to a recurring high proclisis correction index of 50% in simple/compound sentences, even though such variety has been implemented to pronominal usage standards in Brazilian Portuguese. This setting of usage was generally assessed negatively, having no commonality between this assessment and the neutral one used by students. Unlike previous setting, the proclisis after subject did not receive any correction of the twenty teachers, what proves coherence with the positive evaluation both the varieties and the students attained. As for the second verb of complex verbal structures, proclisis correction went negative on presenting single results, despite their proximity, with correction indexes of 20% (infinite structures), 10% (present progressive structures) and 25% (participle structures). The assessment on these contexts of proclisis ranged between positive and neutral, also valid for the one students utilized. It means that proclisis in the beginning of simple/compound sentences are yet seemingly spotted in writing school scenario, much likely due to the negative evaluation, opposite to students . Later to subjects and earlier to secondary verbs in structures, proclisis appears to be acknowledged in writing school scenarios, which reflects on teachers assessment as compared to students who use proclisis in these contexts; being in general either positive or neutral

Análise estatística de padrões sísmicos: decomposição em multiescala

O processamento de registros sísmicos é uma tarefa muito importante dentro da Geofísica e que representa um desafio permanente na exploração de petróleo. Embora esses sinais forneçam uma imagem adequada da estrutura geológica do subsolo, eles são contaminados por ruídos e, o ground roll é a componente principal. Este fato exige um esforço grande para o desenvolvimento de metodologias para filtragem, Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um método de remoção do ruído ground roll fazendo uso de ferramentas da Física Estatística. No método, a Análise em Ondeletas é combinada com a Transformada de Karhunen-Loève para a remoção em uma região bem localizada. O processo de filtragem começa com a Decomposição em Multiescala. Essa técnica permite uma representação em tempo-escala fazendo uso das ondeletas discretas implementadas a filtros de reconstrução perfeita. O padrão sísmico original fica representado em multipadrões: um por escala. Assim, pode-se atenuar o ground roll como uma operação cirúrgica em cada escala, somente na região onde sua presença é forte, permitindo preservar o máximo de informações relevantes. A atenuação é realizada pela definição de um fator de atenuação Af. Sua escolha é feita pelo comportamento dos modos de energia da Transformada de Karhunen-Loève. O ponto correspondendo a um mínimo de energia do primeiro modo é identificado como um fator de atenuação ótimo

Influência das propriedades estruturais e magnetostrictivas na dinâmica da magnetização de multicamadas magnéticas amorfas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Estudo das propriedades magnéticas e estruturais do composto (Sm1 - xMMx)2Fe17 e seus nitretos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Cálculos AB initio de propriedades estruturais, eletrônicas e ópticas de colmpostos CaXo3 (X=Si, Ge, Sn)

In this work we present a study of structural, electronic and optical properties, at ambient conditions, of CaSiO3, CaGeO3 and CaSnO3 crystals, all of them a member of Ca-perovskite class. To each one, we have performed density functional theory ab initio calculations within LDA and GGA approximations of the structural parameters, geometry optimization, unit cell volume, density, angles and interatomic length, band structure, carriers effective masses, total and partial density of states, dielectric function, refractive index, optical absorption, reflectivity, optical conductivity and loss function. A result comparative procedure was done between LDA and GGA calculations, a exception to CaSiO3 where only LDA calculation was performed, due high computational cost that its low symmetry crystalline structure imposed. The Ca-perovskite bibliography have shown the absence of electronic structure calculations about this materials, justifying the present work