866 resultados para jovem.
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O presente relatório regista a descrição do processo de trabalho de um projecto de investigação inserido no âmbito do Mestrado em Ilustração e Animação, do Instituto Politécnico de Cávado e do Ave. Este projecto, intitulado de “Histórias Sem Interesse”, resume-se no contínuo desenvolvimento de uma série de cartoons, tanto ao nível ilustrado como animado, e ao estudo das diferenças metodológicas na sua construção para os dois media. As tiras – ou comic strips – e os clips animados resultantes, são inspirados no dia-a-dia de uma jovem adulta (com apontamentos de carácter autobiográfico) e na subsistência social, académica e profissional, deparando-se com inúmeros episódios do quotidiano urbano. Estas histórias assumem um olhar humorístico, ainda que baseadas na experiência pessoal enquanto autora, assim como na dos restantes intervenientes. A partir desta premissa, pretendeu-se que a análise da relação entre as versões estática e animada fosse concretizada através de uma comparação de processos de construção e, numa segunda fase, entre os métodos e resultados da auto-publicação de ambas, levada a cabo por meio das plataformas digitais.
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The circadian timing system (CTS), in rodents, consists of interconnected neural structures such as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, Intergeniculate Leaflet (IGL) of the thalamus, synchronous pathways and behavioral effectors. The SCN has been described as the major circadian pacemaker in several species of mammals, while the IGL appears to be involved in integration of photic and non-photic clues relaying them to SCN. The CTS allows an ordered internal temporal organization to the organism, providing the proper execution of physiological and behavioral mechanisms, which brings homeostasis. However, this stability is disrupted with aging process causing numerous pathological disorders, ranging from simple loss of physiological functions to decreases in cognitive performance. Therefore, is fundamental understanding the effects of senescence in this system. In this context, is proposed in this study to check if there are changes in IGL cytoarchitecture, neurochemical and retinal afferent markers with aging and their possible morpho-functional implications. To achieve this goal wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: young (3 months); Middle Age (13 months); Old (23 months). They were submitted to paraformaldhyde (4%) transcardiac perfusion to tissue fixation. Then, they had their brain removed and sectioned in 30 µm slices, which every sixth section were collected. This sections were processed by nissl method and immunostaining for GFAP, GAD, ENK, NPY and CTb in order to analyze the IGL features. It was observed a cell loss in middle age and old animals at Nissl, NPY and CTb stains. In addition, it was shown a increase in GFAP in middle aged animals compared to young and old ones. No differences were found in other neurochemichal stains. These data suggests IGL loss retinal afferents and neurons, in special the NPY-IR ones, likely having a compensatory gliogenesis. This supports the correlations between the CTS functional deficits and an anatomical deterioration of its components with the aging process.
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This study followed the development of Oswaldo Lamartine de Faria as an intellectual, with the aim of establishing the emergence of that de Faria’s work under the umbrella of the sertão (hinterland) in Northeast Brazil. It accompanied the emergence of the researcher, his discovery of his mission to study the sertão in Seridó and the vital importance of his relationship with Luís da Câmara Cascudo, since despite being a natural born observer, Oswaldo Lamartine embarked on a career as a researcher after encouragement by Cascudo. The first chapter of this study, denominated The Gates of Time, portrays the country during the drought of 1919, the year Lamartine was born. It describes his childhood and first encounters with Câmara Cascudo; his urban exile in Rio de Janeiro; the books written by the young Oswaldo, those that came later, and his definitive return to the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The following two chapters, Sand beneath the Feet of the Soul and Images of a Nobleman from the Sertão, summarize Lamartine’s books and describe his entry into the canon of the state’s culture, with particular prominence given to his interview for the documentary “Oswaldo Lamartine: prince of the sertão”, highlighting his attempt (through his writing) to preserve his own existence. In the second section, Verses, Bold, Between the Lines features analyses of texts dedicated to Oswaldo Lamartine, such as those written by de Zila Mamede, Maria Lúcia Dal Farra and Paulo de Tarso Correia de Melo. The next chapter, entitled Warm and Vivid Ashes, highlights Lamartine’s correspondence with Luís da Câmara Cascudo and the incredible friendship between the two researchers. Cascudo’s letters are analyzed through the book De Cascudo para Oswaldo (From Cascudo to Oswaldo) and and are a powerful testimony of Oswaldo Lamartine’s permanent connection to Rio Grande do Norte. In conclusion, the final chapter entitled Combine, Tattoo, Imprint analyzes the writer’s five-book collection entitled Sertões do Seridó (Hinterlands of Seridó). In reading each of these, it becomes clear that observing reality was vital to the writer’s work. This is one of the first studies to be conducted about Oswaldo Lamartine at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte and its main theoretical references were the reflections of authors Jacques Le Goff (2003), Lejeune (1994; 2008), Maurice Blanchot (1987; 2005), Alfredo Bosi (1987) and Gaston Bachelard (n.d.).
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The necessity of the view of the Youth and Adults Education (EJA) subjects beyond of their academic failures becomes imperative for a reconfiguration of this teaching modality. Thus, the compromise of this study is to go into these subjects‘ universe, give them a voice and, therefore, understand, in general, the web of relationships between these subjects and the school. It is understood that it is not possible to figure out the means attributed by the subjects without consideration, as an essential element, the social context in which such means has been built. For the development of this study, the methodology adopted was the ethnographic research. The procedures used for the data construction were the participative observation, the semi-structured interviews with a focal group, and the individualized semi-structured interviews. For the understanding of the data constructed in the field, the content analysis technique was used, which reach the expectations of an interpretative analysis. The observation occurred mainly in the classrooms, on a public school, located in a City of Natal/RN. The interviews were taken with a sample of eight students, males and females, with 25 to 60 year-olds. Such interviews highlight that for the young adult students, the school is much more than a place to learn. They realize such space as enabler of social interaction, as well as the possibility of rising through new professional horizons and, therefore achieve a social mobility. For the older students, mainly among women, the return to the school benches brings into the learning discourse, the desire of making new friends, having moments of meeting, chatting and relaxation, finally, to forget the problems of the day by day. The school quotidian observation allows a better understanding of the action of the subjects in relationship with the school practices. Finally, it can be affirmed that seeking for the school has not only the intention to recover the time lost in the childhood. Learning remains as a secondary goal. It does not matter whether they will be retained or promoted to the next level at the end of the academic year, what really matters is to be in school.
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Lettres àune Princesse d'Allemagne sur divers sujets de physique et de philosophie (Letters to a Princess of Germany on various topics of physics and philosophy) is the work taken as an object of study of this thesis. It is a literary success written in the eighteenth century by the Swiss mathematician and physicist Leonhard Paul Euler (1707-1783) in order to meet a request from the Prussian king, Frederick II, the Great (1712-1786) to accept to guide the intellectual education of his niece, the young princess Anhalt-Dessau (1745-1808). The method of teaching and learning through letters elected to the education of the German monarch resulted in a collection of 234 matches in which Euler theory is about music, Philosophy, Mechanics, Optics, Astronomy, Theology and Ethics among others. The research seeks to point out mathematical content contained in this reference work based on the exploitation and adaptation of original historical works as an articulator of development activities for teaching mathematics in basic education and in accordance with the National Curriculum Parameters of Mathematics (NCP) work. The general objective point out the limits and didactic potential of Lettres à une Princesse d'Allemagne sur divers sujets de physique et de philosophie as a source of support for teachers of basic education in developing activities for teaching mathematics. The discussions raised point to concrete possibilities of entanglement between the extracted mathematical content of the bulge of the work with current teaching methodologies from resizing the use of letters according to Freire's pedagogical perspective of the correspondence, and especially the use of new communication channels in the century XXI, both aimed at dialogue and approximation between those who write and those who read.
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Introduction. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy and the principal cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis. The most prominent GBS subtypes are: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) and Fisher syndrome (FS). Differences in geographical distribution of variants have been reported. In Brazil, there are few studies describing the characteristics of GBS, but none on the frequency of GBS variants and their clinical manifestations. Infection-induced aberrant immune response resulting from molecular mimicry and formation of cross-reacting antibodies, contribute to complement activation. Functional biallelic polymorphism in immunoglobulin receptors that influence the affinity of IgG subclasses and the type of immune response have been described, suggesting genetic susceptibility to developing disease. It remains unclear whether individuals carrying different FCGR alleles have differential risk for GBS and⁄or disease severity. The goals of this study were: (1) To characterize GBS and describe the clinical findings in a cohort of patients with GBS from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; (2) to determine whether polymorphism in FCGR were associated with development of GBS, and (3) to tease out whether the global gene expression studies could be a tool to identify pathways and transcriptional networks which could be regulated and decrease the time of disease. Methods. Clinical and laboratory data for 149 cases of GBS diagnosed from 1994 to 2013 were analyzed. Genomic DNA and total RNA were extracted from whole blood. Antigangliosides antibodies were determined in the sera. In addition, we also assessed whether FCGR polymorphism are present in GBS (n=141) and blood donors (n=364), and global gene expressions were determined for 12 participants with GBS. Blood samples were collected at the diagnosis and post-recovery. Results. AIDP was the most frequent variant (81.8%) of GBS, followed by AMAN (14.7%) and AMSAN (3.3%). The incidence of GBS was 0.3 ⁄ 100,000 people for the state of Rio Grande do Norte and cases occurred at a younger age. GBS was preceded by infections, with the axonal variant associated with episodes of diarrhea (P = 0.025). Proximal weakness was more frequent in AIDP, and distal weakness predominant in the axonal variant. Compared to 42.4% of cases with AIDP (P<0.0001), 84.6% of cases with the axonal variant had nadir in <10 days. Individuals with the axonal variant took longer to recover deambulation (P<0.0001). The mortality of GBS was 5.3%. A worse outcome was related to an axonal variant (OR17.063; P=0.03) and time required to improve one point in the Hughes functional scale (OR 1.028; P=0.03). The FCGR genotypes and allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the patients with GBS and the controls (FCGR2A p=0.367 and FCGR3A p=0.2430). Global gene expression using RNAseq showed variation in transcript coding for protein isoforms during acute phase of disease. Conclusions. The annual incidence of GBS was 0.3 per 100,00 and there was no seasonal pattern. A predominance of the AIDP variant was seen, and the incidence of the disease decreased with age. The distribution of weakness is a function of the clinical variants, and individuals with the axonal variant had a poorer prognosis. Early diagnosis and variant identification leads to proper intervention decreasing in long-term morbidity. FCGR polymorphisms do not seem to influence susceptibility to GBS in this population. This study found deregulated genes and signs of transcriptional network alterations during the acute and recovery phases in GBS. Identification of pathways altered during disease might be target for immune regulation and with potential to ameliorate symptoms.
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Due to demographic transition process, the educational public sector politics formers encounter a highly specific demographic situation because, nowadays, despite the demographic transition, population is still growing because of the demographic inertia; however, due to steady decline in fertility, young population tends to decrease in next years. In this way, aiming to make high school widely accessible in the country, the issue of education quality is highlighted as well the importance of the physical structure of schools and their teaching equipments to confirm a favorable or not environment for developing educational processes. In this way, this work aims to relate the enrollment of students as school types with the demand of young people who will be able to attend high school on the Rio Grande do Norte state by the year of 2020, emphasizing teaching unities structural aspects, from a school profiling to the design of three prospective alternatives. So, from INEP's Scholar Census data and IBGE population's projections, this work is composed by four stages: i) literature review about research related subjects; ii) database design and build; iii) school profiling; and, iv) prospective alternatives creation. As results, three alternatives relate potential demand and enrollment using the built profiles and they are: i) “Alternative A” attends PEE's requirements related to demands but do not provide improvements in the school structural aspects; ii) “Alternative B” points into an increase of enrollment offering to the detriment of school's structural conditions which are offered to these students; iii) “Alternative C” propitiates a quantitative enrollment increasing combined with improvements on school's physical structure. These alternatives help to support decision making related to goals and realization of universal access with physical conditions which are necessary to a favorable environment to educational activity development.
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The characteristics profile of individuals who develop AIDS in Brazil has changed over time. Among these modifications, a worrying finding is the increased incidence of AIDS in the elderly across the country. But, however, is not yet clear whether the increase in AIDS cases is sufficient to produce a change in the trend of measures in recent years in the Brazilian states, and this increase has an effect from the socioeconomic and demographic indicators. In this sense, the objective of this study is to analyze the AIDS incidence rates among the elderly in Brazil and its effect on socioeconomic and demographic inequalities in the period 2000 to 2012. This is an ecological time-series study to meet behavior of the time series of the incidence rates of AIDS in the elderly from 2000 to 2012. the rates were calculated using the secondary data from Diseases Information System Notification and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Data were analyzed statistically to know the trends in incidence rates, by polynomial regression model and joinpoint log-linear regression model, but also the simple linear regression analysis to find the relationship of trends with variables socioeconomic and demographic. SPSS 20.0® and Joinpoint 4.1.1 programs were used. All tests were carried out considering a significance of 5%. After the analysis, in Brazil were reported 62,052 new cases of AIDS in the elderly from 2000 to 2012. During this period, a significant increase was found for males, both aged 50-59 years (APPC: 3.46 %, p <0.001), such as above 59 years (AAPC: 4.38%; p <0.001). For females, the increase was significant and has the largest increments in the time series, when compared to males in both age groups (AAPC: 4.62%, p <0.001 and AAPC: 6.53%; p <0.001) respectively. The largest increases are observed in women and in the states of North and Northeast. In the Southeast Region is observed stabilization of rates throughout the series. The reason of trends between the sexes had a significant reduction, but also an approach in both age groups of the study, reaching a ratio of 1.7 males for every female in the youngest age group. The trends were related to illiteracy rates, with increasing social inequality and the lowest human development in the Brazilian states. We conclude that in Brazil the incidence of AIDS in the elderly follows an increasing trend in individuals over 50 years. Noteworthy are the highest rates of study in women and in the states of North and Northeast. In this sense, the country needs to enhance policies towards older people with STD / AIDS, training health professionals and developing effective measures for the prevention and early diagnosis of infected people, especially in places with limited resources and high social inequality. In the long term, it is developing new studies to understand whether the measures taken were effective in reducing the trends identified in this study.
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Uma das medidas de promoção e proteção para crianças e jovens em perigo que poderá ser aplicada em Portugal é o acolhimento institucional de acordo com a Lei nº 147/99. Assim, por todo o país, existem instituições que acolhem crianças e jovens vindas de famílias disfuncionais. Estas instituições devem proporcionar condições que permitam o desenvolvimento integral das crianças e jovens, nomeadamente a sua educação e bem-estar. No que concerne à situação escolar das crianças e jovens em acolhimento institucional, são diversificadas as boas práticas, mas também as dificuldades que as instituições têm de enfrentar. Assim, este estudo pretende compreender de que modo as instituições de acolhimento de crianças e jovens em risco contribuem para alcançar o sucesso escolar dos acolhidos. Este é um estudo qualitativo, realizado nos distritos de Leiria e Santarém, com uma amostra total de 4 instituições de acolhimento, 1 Centro de Acolhimento Temporário (CAT) e 3 Lares de Infância e Juventude (LIJ). Em cada instituição foi selecionado um jovem acolhido e um técnico para a realização de entrevistas. Foi também aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico aos técnicos entrevistados com o objetivo contextualizar a realidade das instituições. Os resultados revelam que existe um número insuficiente de colaboradores para acompanhar e supervisionar a área escolar em duas instituições de acolhimento. Para colmatar esta lacuna os técnicos contam com a existência de alguns voluntários, estagiários e professores colocados ao abrigo do Plano CASA. Também foi encontrado como limitação a falta de formação na área escolar por parte dos colaboradores. Os locais de estudo localizam-se na sala de estudo e nos quartos apresentando na generalidade boas condições. Os jovens mantêm uma boa relação com colaboradores e colegas da instituição encontrando-se integrados na sua comunidade educativa. As instituições de acolhimento mantêm uma relação próxima com os estabelecimentos de ensino tendo uma comunicação fluída. iv Relativamente a regras relacionadas com a área escolar destaca-se o estudo diário. Por fim, todos os jovens manifestaram gostar da área/curso que estão a tirar, sendo que o tempo máximo de deslocação é de uma hora de autocarro para o seu estabelecimento de ensino. Assim, este estudo demonstra algumas diferenças e similitudes entre as instituições analisadas, mas também alterações relativamente à perceção dos jovens e técnicos sobre o contributo das instituições de acolhimento no sucesso escolar. Cada instituição de acolhimento apesar das limitações que possui tenta adequar a melhor metodologia de intervenção na área escolar para promover o sucesso escolar das crianças e jovens acolhidos.
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Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado que a população portuguesa está cada vez mais envelhecida. Este fator agrava-se em ambientes rurais, onde a desertificação populacional é mais frequente, derivado, entre outros, da migração da população mais jovem para os grandes centros urbanos, em busca de melhores condições de vida. Tendo como consequência a exclusão social da população residente nestas zonas. O reduzido foco populacional das zonas rurais não é um fator atrativo para as entidades que realizam investimentos em serviços e infraestruturas tecnológicas, devido ao retorno financeiro obtido não ser, à partida, rentável. Levando a uma exclusão tecnológica de quem reside nestas zonas. Este fator, agrava-se na população sénior dado que raramente são estimulados a interagir com a tecnologia. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a melhoria desta problemática, combatendo simultaneamente os dois tipos de exclusões, tecnológica e social, propõem-se através desta dissertação, um serviço de videochamada, baseado no conceito do padrão Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV). Um dos fatores considerados, durante o estudo deste serviço, foi a barreira tecnológica existente entre os idosos e a tecnologia. De modo a aproximar ambos, optou-se por aproveitar os conhecimentos que os idosos já possuem na utilização de equipamentos do seu quotidiano. Sendo a televisão, o equipamento selecionado para integrar no serviço de videochamada, permitindo ao idoso contactar facilmente com outras pessoas e serviços. Através da implementação de um protótipo e dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que o serviço desenvolvido é uma solução válida para combater a problemática apresentada, contribuindo positivamente para a redução da exclusão social e da iliteracia tecnológica
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Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul para a obtenção do título de mestre em comunicação
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A Cooperação para o Desenvolvimento tem sido objeto de debate desde o fim da II Guerra Mundial e só a sua aplicação prática, sobretudo com a implementação do Plano Marshall, foi possível recuperar a Europa da destruição provocada pelo conflito. País pequeno e desprovido de recursos naturais, Cabo Verde teve de apostar nas Relações Internacionais para garantir a sua sobrevivência e sonho de desenvolvimento, embora não dispusesse, no momento da independência, de um quadro estável a nível da diplomacia. Ainda assim, o país optou por uma aposta forte numa diplomacia que “forçasse" a abertura dos caminhos da cooperação para o desenvolvimento. Efetivamente, com a independência nacional, a cooperação desempenhou um papel fundamental na viabilização do jovem país que era, a priori, considerado inviável. Por isso, o recurso à cooperação como forma de potenciar o desenvolvimento de Cabo Verde foi prática dos diferentes governos da república desde a independência nacional. A localização da cooperação bilateral nalgumas ilhas foi, igualmente, uma prática seguida pelos governos, até ao ano 2000, e, no esforço de infraestruturação da ilha de Santo Antão, são de destacar os casos da cooperação holandesa, com investimentos nas áreas da agricultura e na infraestruturação hidráulica, da cooperação italiana na infraestruturação rodoviária da ilha e, mais recentemente, nos anos 1990, da cooperação luxemburguesa, objeto de estudo neste trabalho. Com efeito, a cooperação luxemburguesa fez diferença no desenvolvimento da ilha de Santo Antão, uma ilha em que “estava (quase) tudo por fazer” tendo em conta que os investimentos feitos até por volta de 1990 não tinham tido a capacidade de alavancar o desenvolvimento da ilha, funcionando, sobretudo, como instrumentos de garantia de sobrevivência das populações locais, com a abertura de frentes de alta intensidade de mão-de-obra (FAIMO). Com a localização da cooperação luxemburguesa em Santo Antão, a partir de 1990, e com a realização de investimentos mediante a identificação de necessidades e planificação de metas por parte da Associação dos Municípios de Santo Antão (AMSA) a ilha entrou, de facto, nos trilhos do desenvolvimento que os dados, utilizados na realização deste trabalho, indicam.
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Introdução. Os estilos educativos parentais enquanto clima educativo geral apresentam um forte impacto em diferentes resultados desenvolvimentais (e.g., sintomatologia depressiva/ansiosa e auto estima) da criança/jovem. Podem ser estudados de um ponto de vista dimensional, considerando, por exemplo, as dimensões Controlo/Sobreproteção e Suporte, ou categorial, seguindo, por exemplo, a abordagem de Baumrind, e Maccoby e Martin. Neste estudo pretendemos: verificar se existem diferenças por género e idade, nas dimensões Suporte Emocional, Sobreproteção e Rejeição (EMBU-A) (cada progenitor separadamente), na sintomatologia depressiva/ansiosa e na auto estima; avaliar se existem diferenças nas dimensões do EMBU-A, entre progenitores, na amostra total e por género; explorar associações entre as variáveis centrais do estudo (estilos educativos, sintomatologias e auto estima) e variáveis sociodemográficas, também nas três amostras; explorar diferenças entre quatro grupos criados (Pai-Filho, Pai-Filha; Mãe-Filho e Mãe-Filha) nas dimensões do EMBU-A; combinando a Sobreproteção e o Suporte Emocional (EMBU-A), e definindo os estilos educativos parentais autoritário, autoritativo, permissivo e negligente, calcular a prevalência dos mesmos na nossa amostra (por Pai e por Mãe) e explorar as suas associações com as sintomatologias e com a auto estima (separadamente, por progenitor). Metodologia. A nossa amostra é constituída por 284 adolescentes (idade média = 14,5; DP = 1,68; raparigas, n = 171, 60,2%). Todos preencheram um protocolo composto por um questionário sociodemográfico, pela Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale (RSES), pelo DASS-21 e pelo Parental Rearing Style Questionnaire for use with Adolescents (EMBU-A/A). Resultados. De salientar o facto de os adolescentes percecionarem a mãe como apresentando valores mais elevados em todas as dimensões do EMBU-A, por comparação com o pai. Da mesma forma, ainda que com diferentes padrões de associação conforme o género, é de salientar a associação entre níveis maiores de Suporte emocional e níveis mais baixos de sintomatologia depressiva/ansiosa e stress, e a associação entre as dimensões Sobreproteção e Rejeição e níveis superiores desses resultados. Uma mais baixa escolaridade do pai associa-se a menor Suporte emocional e uma maior escolaridade da mãe a maior Sobreproteção. Uma díade constituída por progenitor e adolescente do género masculino apresenta resultados inferiores em todas as dimensões do EMBU-A, por comparação com díades formadas por mãe-filho/filha. O estilo Autoritativo é o mais prevalente na nossa amostra (em ambos os progenitores) e o estilo Autoritário é aquele que se associa a pontuações mais elevadas de psicopatologia e a uma menor auto estima. Discussão. De uma forma, genérica os resultados seguem de perto a literatura e revelam a associação entre valores mais elevados na dimensão Suporte emocional e níveis mais baixos de psicopatologia e stress, e a associação entre as dimensões Sobreproteção e Rejeição e níveis superiores desses resultados. Igualmente, o estilo educativo Autoritário está claramente associado a piores resultados nessas mesmas variáveis. São discutidas algumas implicações, no que toca a programas psicoeducativos/educação parental. / Introduction. As a general educational environment, parental rearing styles have a strong impact in different outcomes of development of the child or teenager (e.g. symptoms of depression/ anxiety and self-esteem). These can be studied from a dimensional point of view considering for example the dimensions Control/Overprotection and Support or from a categorical point of view following for example the approach of Baumrind and Maccoby and Martin. This study aims at checking whether there are differences of gender and age in the dimensions of Emotional Support, Overprotection and Rejection (EMBU-A) (each parent separately) in depressive symptoms/anxiety and self esteem; assessing whether there are differences in the dimensions of the EMBU-A, between parents in the total sample and by gender; exploring associations between the study’s main variables (rearing styles, symptomatology and self esteem) and sociodemographic variables, also in the three samples; exploring differences between the four groups created (Father-Son, Father-Daughter, Mother-Son and Mother-Daughter) in the dimensions of the EMBU-A, combining Overprotection and Emotional Support(EMBU-A) and defining the authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent, and neglectful parental rearing styles. The aim is also to estimate the prevalence of these in our sample (by Father and Mother) and explore their associations to the symptomatology and self esteem (separately, per parent). Methodology. Our sample is composed of 284 teenagers (average age = 14,5; DP = 1,68; girls, n = 171, 60,2%). All participants filled in a protocol of questionnaires consisting of a set of socio demographic questions by Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale (RSES), by DASS-21 and by Parental Rearing Style Questionnaire for use with Adolescents (EMBU-A/A). Outcomes. It is important to emphasize the fact that teenagers perceive their mother as having higher values in all the EMBU-A dimensions compared to their father. In the same way, though with different patterns of association according to gender, it is important to emphasize the association of higher levels of Emotional Support and lower levels of depressive/anxious symptomathology and stress and the association of Overprotection and Rejection and higher levels of those outcomes. A father’s lower level of education is associated to a lower Emotional Support while a mother’s higher level of education is associated to a greater Overprotection. A dyad composed of male parent and male teenager presents lower outcomes in all EMBU-A dimensions if compared to dyads composed of mother-son/daughter. The authoritative style is the most prevalent in our sample (in both parents) and the authoritarian style is the one associated to higher scores of psychopathology and lower levels of self esteem. Debate. In general, the outcomes closely follow the literature review and reveal the association of higher values in the Emotional Support dimension and lower levels of psychopathology and stress and also the association of the dimensions of Overprotection and Rejection and higher levels of those outcomes. Equally, the authoritarian rearing style is clearly associated to the worst outcomes in those same variables. Some implications are discussed as far as psychoeducational programmes and parental rearing are concerned.
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A presente investigação examina o papel da inteligêncial emocional (IE) no desempenho académico, numa amostra de 111 estudantes em frequência do ensino universitário português. No presente trabalho faz-se uma revisão bibliográfica do tema da IE e dos factores contributivos para o desempenho académico, bem como uma breve visita a outros trabalhos desenvolvidos nesta área de investigação. Para medição da IE assumiu-se o modelo misto, tendo-se avaliado as seguintes seis dimensões: 1) auto-encorajamento (uso das emoções); 2) compreensão das emoções próprias; 3) autocontrolo perante as críticas; 4)compreensão das emoções dos outros; 5) empatia e contágio emocional; 6) autocontrolo emocional (regulação das emoções). O desempenho académico foi calculado a partir das médias das classificações obtidas pelos estudantes no final do primeiro semestre do ano lectivo 2009/2010. Os resultados evidenciam que os alunos com melhores desempenhos académicos denotam níveis superiores de inteligência emocional, se bem que não foram encontradas associações significativas entre a IE e o desempenho académico, sugerindo a necessidade de mais estudos com vista ao aprofundamento desta jovem e controversa área de pesquisa. / The research investigates the role of emotional intelligence (EI)in academic achivement in a sample of 111 students that attend Portuguese universities. In this work we review the issue of EI and the factors that contibute to academic achievement, at the same time making a brief visit to other works done on this area. In order to measure EI, the mixed model was used, evaluating through the following six dimensions: 1) self-encouragement (use of emotions); 2) understanding of self emotions; 3) self-control in response to criticism; 4) understanding of emotions in others; 5) empathy and emotional contagion; 6) emotional self-control (regulation of emotions). Academic achievement was evaluated by the average of the grades obtained by the students at the end of the first semester of the academic year 2009/2010. The results show that students with better academic outcomes demonstrate higher emotional intelligence, though there were no significative associations between EI and academic achievement, suggesting the need for further studies in order to deepen this young and controversial area of research.
Resumo:
Daqui por 40 anos viverão em Portugal quase 3 pessoas com mais de 65 anos para cada jovem com menos de 15 anos. O nosso país estará assim, dentro de poucos anos, com uma pirâmide etária invertida. Enquanto país maioritariamente idoso, temos que saber lidar com os problemas da velhice. Com o avançar da idade é inevitável que estas pessoas sejam confrontadas com inúmeras mudanças quer físicas, psicológicas e sociais, mas também com dificuldades inerentes à velhice, como é o caso da solidão e depressão. Estas duas entidades são consideradas os principais problemas que alteram significativamente a qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas. Este estudo, de natureza exploratória, visa perceber se a solidão é uma entidade isolada da depressão. Participaram neste estudo 84 indivíduos com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e os 90 anos. Aplicaram-se as escalas UCLA e GDS de forma a averiguar se existem sujeitos sem depressão que apresentam elevados níveis de solidão. O principal resultado permite-nos constatar que se pode ter solidão, sem ter depressão. Constatou-se também que quanto mais se avança na idade maior são os sentimentos de solidão, e que as mulheres apresentam maiores níveis de solidão. / Forty years from now, Portugal will have a ratio of 3 people aged over 65 years old for 1 aged 15 years old. This means that Portugal will have an inverted age pyramid. The ageing process, inevitably, brings changes and difficulties whether physical, psychological or social. Among the problems that significantly change the quality of life of elderly people we will find depression and loneliness. In the present study, the main objective is to understand if loneliness is independent from depression or if they are concomitant entities. We also examine if loneliness changes with age and gender. The study, exploratory in nature, was constituted by 84 participants aged between 65 years old and 90 years old. It was administrated the UCLA and GDS scales. The main results show that there are people with loneliness but without depression, that loneliness feelings are higher as people advance in age and that women score higher in the loneliness scale.