Micotoxinas – contributos do projeto Mycomix e perspetivas futuras

As micotoxinas são metabolitos secundários produzidos por várias espécies de fungos, e que podem contaminar os alimentos nas diferentes fases de produção, colheita, armazenagem ou processamento. Além de constituir um problema económico e de segurança alimentar, a contaminação de alimentos com micotoxinas é essencialmente um problema de saúde pública, dado que estes compostos podem provocar efeitos graves na saúde humana e animal, estando classificadas pela Agência Internacional de Investigação em Cancro (IARC) como carcinogénicos dos grupos 1, 2B e 3. O projecto Mycomix PTDC/DTP/FTO/0417-2012 (2013-2015), que consistiu num estudo exploratório dos efeitos tóxicos de misturas de micotoxinas em alimentos para crianças revelou a presença de múltiplas micotoxinas em simultâneo em alimentos à base de cereais, indicando que as crianças poderão estar expostas a micotoxinas através da alimentação. No âmbito do projecto Mycomix foi avaliada a exposição de crianças a micotoxinas através da aplicação de diários alimentares para determinação do consumo alimentar. Como alternativa às metodologias de avaliação de risco baseadas no consumo alimentar, a Agência Europeia de Segurança Alimentar (EFSA) recomendou a implementação de metodologias harmonizadas de biomonitorização humana, que é uma metodologia que permite avaliar a exposição do Homem a substâncias naturais e sintéticas do meio ambiente, baseando-se na análise direta de biomarcadores em tecidos e fluidos. É por isso o único método para avaliar diretamente a exposição a determinada substância, a sua magnitude, e a sua variação ao longo do tempo.

Targeting the serrated pathway of colorectal cancer with mutation in BRAF

A recently acknowledged morphological pathway to colorectal cancer originates from precursor polyps with a serrated appearance due to branching and folding of the colon epithelium. This serrated origin accounts for up to 30% of all colorectal tumors but these are heterogeneous regarding molecular characteristics and patient outcome. Here we review the current knowledge about the classification of this tumor subtype and its association with five key features: mutation status of the BRAF or KRAS genes, the CpG island methylation phenotype, microsatellite instability, immune cell infiltration, and overexpression of GTPase RAC1b. Subsequently, available therapeutic approaches for targeting these molecular characteristics are presented and critically discussed.

Desenvolvimento e aplicação de modelo de calibração multivariada para determinação de açúcares e ácidos orgânicos em bebidas comerciais utilizando espectroscopia no infravermelho

The routine analysis for quantization of organic acids and sugars are generally slow methods that involve the use and preparation of several reagents, require trained professional, the availability of special equipment and is expensive. In this context, it has been increasing investment in research whose purpose is the development of substitutive methods to reference, which are faster, cheap and simple, and infrared spectroscopy have been highlighted in this regard. The present study developed multivariate calibration models for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of ascorbic acid, citric, malic and tartaric and sugars sucrose, glucose and fructose, and soluble solids in juices and fruit nectars and classification models for ACP. We used methods of spectroscopy in the near infrared (Near Infrared, NIR) in association with the method regression of partial least squares (PLS). Were used 42 samples between juices and fruit nectars commercially available in local shops. For the construction of the models were performed with reference analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and refractometry for the analysis of soluble solids. Subsequently, the acquisition of the spectra was done in triplicate, in the spectral range 12500 to 4000 cm-1. The best models were applied to the quantification of analytes in study on natural juices and juice samples produced in the Paraná Southwest Region. The juices used in the application of the models also underwent physical and chemical analysis. Validation of chromatographic methodology has shown satisfactory results, since the external calibration curve obtained R-square value (R2) above 0.98 and coefficient of variation (%CV) for intermediate precision and repeatability below 8.83%. Through the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was possible to separate samples of juices into two major groups, grape and apple and tangerine and orange, while for nectars groups separated guava and grape, and pineapple and apple. Different validation methods, and pre-processes that were used separately and in combination, were obtained with multivariate calibration models with average forecast square error (RMSEP) and cross validation (RMSECV) errors below 1.33 and 1.53 g.100 mL-1, respectively and R2 above 0.771, except for malic acid. The physicochemical analysis enabled the characterization of drinks, including the pH working range (variation of 2.83 to 5.79) and acidity within the parameters Regulation for each flavor. Regression models have demonstrated the possibility of determining both ascorbic acids, citric, malic and tartaric with successfully, besides sucrose, glucose and fructose by means of only a spectrum, suggesting that the models are economically viable for quality control and product standardization in the fruit juice and nectars processing industry.

Estudo das propriedades físico-químicas e avaliação de compostos bioativos em 'Physalis peruviana L.'

O rápido crescimento da procura e na produção de Physalis está associado às suas características nutracêuticas e medicinais, por estarem associadas ao bemestar e à saúde. O reconhecimento e o conceito da qualidade dos frutos é cada vezmais importante, abrangendo a aparência do produto, o aroma, a textura e o valor nutricional. Com a realização deste trabalho pretendeu-se avaliar as propriedades físicoquímicas das bagas de physalis, bem como os conteúdos em compostos bioativos com potenciais benefícios para a saúde humana. Neste trabalho foi avaliada uma variedade de physalis (Physalis peruviana L.), sendo os frutos provenientes de uma exploração localizada na região Norte-Centro de Portugal. Foram realizadas análises físicas às 'physalis' frescas, tendo sido determinados o calibre, a cor e a textura. Na análise química, realizaram-se as determinações, da humidade, da fibra bruta, dos açúcares totais e redutores, da acidez total titulável, do teor de sólidos solúveis totais, do ácido ascórbico, dos carotenóides, dos compostos fenólicos totais, dos orto-difenóis e dos flavonóides. Foi ainda determinada a atividade antioxidante pelos métodos ABTS e DPPH e os extratos submetidos a condições simulantes do trato digestivo. As physalis em estudo apresentaram, em média um diâmetro de 1,69 cm e uma massa de 2,77 g. Relativamente à cor, as bagas apresentaram-se claras, (L*=65,72), e com uma tendência para a cor vermelha (a*=16,69), e uma forte intensidade amarela (b*=58,11). No que diz respeito à textura, a firmeza foi de 2,40 N e a elasticidade foi de 2,94 mm. Quanto à caracterização química foram encontrados os seguintes resultados: 83,02% de água, 4,61% de fibra, 8,79% de açúcares totais, 1,25% de acidez total, expressa em ácido cítrico. A amostra continha ainda 5,95 μg/g de carotenoides 26,7 mg de ácido ascórbico por 100 g. Os valores de fenóis totais (42,74 e 59,95 mg EAG/100 g) e de atividade antioxidante determinada pelo método DPPH (7,73 e 9,61 μmol TE/g), e pelo método ABTS (12,28 e 13,71 μmol TE/g) variam de acordo com as condições de extração. Verificou-se ainda uma correlação forte entre os dois métodos. No que diz respeito às condições in vitro de simulação das condições do trato digestivo, verificou-se um decréscimo ao longo do trato digestivo tanto no teor em compostos fenólicos bem como na atividade antioxidante. Em termos globais houve uma retenção de 43% dos compostos fenólicos totais e 26% da atividade antioxidante.

The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human populations exposed to styrene: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Styrene is a building-block of several compounds used in a wide array of materials and products. The most important human exposure to this substance occurs in industrial settings, especially among reinforced-plastics industry workers. The effect of occupational exposure to styrene on cytogenetics biomarkers has been previously reviewed with positive association observed for chromosomal aberrations, and inconclusive data for the micronucleus assay. Some limitations were noted in those studies, including inadequate exposure assessment and poor epidemiological design. Furthermore, in earlier studies micronuclei frequency was measured with protocols not as reliable as cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate genomic instability and DNA damage as measured by the CBMN assay in lymphocytes of subjects exposed to styrene. A total of 11 studies published between 2004 and 2012 were included in the meta-analysis encompassing 479 styrene-exposed workers and 510 controls. The quality of each study was estimated by a quality scoring system which ranked studies according to the consideration of major confounders, exposure characterization, and technical parameters. An overall increase of micronuclei frequencies was found in styrene-exposure workers when compared to referents (meta-MR 1.34; 95% CI 1.18–1.52), with significant increases achieved in six individual studies. The consistency of results in individual studies, the independence of this result from major confounding factors and from the quality of the study strengthens the reliability of risk estimates and supports the use of the CBMN assay in monitoring genetic risk in styrene workers.

The impact of indoor air quality and contaminants on respiratory health of older people living in long-term care residences in Porto

Background: persons who are 65 years or older often spend an important part of their lives indoors thus adverse indoor climate might influence their health status. Objective: to evaluate the influence of indoor air quality and contaminants on older people’s respiratory health. Design: cross-sectional study. Setting: 21 long-term care residences (LTC) in the city of Porto, Portugal. Subjects: older people living in LTC with ≥65 years old. Methods: the Portuguese version of BOLD questionnaire was administered by an interviewer to older residents able to participate (n = 143). Indoor air contaminants (IAC) were measured twice, during winter and summer in 135 areas. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to study the association between the health questionnaire results and the monitored IAC, adjusted for age, smoking habits, gender and number of years living in the LTC. Results: cough (23%) and sputum (12%) were the major respiratory symptoms, and allergic rhinitis (18%) the main selfreported illness. Overall particulate matter up to 2.5 micrometres in size median concentration was above the reference levels both in winter and summer seasons. Peak values of particulate matter up to 10 micrometres in size (PM10), total volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide, bacteria and fungi exceeded the reference levels. Older people exposed to PM10 above the reference levels demonstrated higher odds of allergic rhinitis (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 1.1–7.2). Conclusion: high levels of PM10 were associated with 3-fold odds of allergic rhinitis. No association was found between indoor air chemical and biological contaminants and respiratory symptoms.

Influência da doença oncológica na vivência da sexualidade

Enquadramento: A doença oncológica, independentemente da localização ou estadio, assim como os aspectos fisiológicos, psicológicos e sociais a ela associados podem resultar em prejuízo significativo ao nível do funcionamento sexual e relacional do doente. Objetivo: Identificar a influência da doença oncológica na vivência da sexualidade do doente oncológico. Métodos: Estudo de natureza quantitativa, exploratória e descritivo-correlacional, foi realizado com 330 utentes de um Centro Hospitalar na região centro, constituída por 61,5% mulheres e 38,5% homens, com idades compreendidas entre os 25 e os 84 anos (M= 56,05; DP= 12,16). Instrumento de colheita de dados composto por questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, clínica e a Escala de Apgar Familiar, Smilkstein (1978); Escala de Imagem Corporal (Hopwood, et al 2001); Escala Reduzida de Ajustamento Mental ao Cancro (Watson et al, 1988); Questionário de Satisfação com o Relacionamento Sexual (Cappelleri et al, 2002). Resultados: Da amostra 81,1% é casada ou vive em união de facto, em relação à localização do cancro, 37,9% é localizado na mama e 31,8% digestivo. Relacionamento conjugal antes da doença muito satisfatório (45, 15% ) vs 32,12% nada/pouco satisfatório atualmente. Verificam-se diferenças estatísticamente significativas em algumas variáveis sóciodemográficas (idade, escolaridade), clínicas (localização do tumor, tratamento efetuado), funcionalidade familiar, imagem corporal e ajustamento mental ao cancro, na vivênvia da sexualidade pelo doente oncológico. Conclusão: A assistência aos portadores de doença oncológica deve incluir intervenções dirigidas ao despiste e tratamento da disfunção da sexualidade assim como ao planeamento de ações educativas/formativas dos profissionais de saúde no âmbito da sexualidade do doente oncológico. Palavras-chave: Doença Oncológica; Sexualidade; Imagem corporal; Ajustamento mental.

Estudo da composição e das propriedades bioactivas de plantas produtoras de bagas

O consumo de frutas e vegetais tem sido associado à prevenção de várias doenças crónicas, nomeadamente doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes, cancro e outras que envolvam processos inflamatórios. As bagas destacam-se pelo seu elevado conteúdo em polifenóis, cujas propriedades antioxidantes contribuem para a manutenção da saúde humana. O presente trabalho teve como alvo de estudo as diferentes partes morfológicas (bagas e folhas) de espécies produtoras de bagas, nomeadamente Elaeagnus umbellata, a Rubus grandofolius, a Sambucus lancolata, a Vaccinium padifolium e a Vaccinium cylindraceum, tendo em vista a sua valorização como produtos alimentares e/ou nutracêuticos. A caracterização físico-química destas espécies permitiu determinar que o teor total de sólidos solúveis (TSS) das bagas varia de 4,4 a 16,5 °Brix. As bagas demonstraram ser a parte morfológica com teor de humidade mais elevado. A análise do perfil fenólico por HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn, no modo negativo, dos extractos metanólicos mostrou que as folhas apresentam maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, comparativamente às bagas. Os ácidos hidroxicinâmicos (derivados dos ácidos cafeicos, cumárico e ferúlico), os ácidos cafeoilquínicos, bem como os flavonóis-O-glicosilados (derivados da quercetina e canferol) predominam nestas espécies. A análise pelo modo positivo permitiu a identificação de antocianinas glicosiladas (delfinidina, cianidina, petunidina, peonidina e malvidina) nas bagas e folhas jovens da espécie Vaccinium padifolium. Os ensaios in vitro de simulação da digestão gastrointestinal permitiram compreender a sua influência na actividade antioxidante dos extractos. Após a digestão, as folhas continuam a apresentar maior capacidade antioxidante do que as bagas. Adicionalmente, concluiu-se que as enzimas presentes neste processo têm menor influência do que o pH e a força iónica dos sucos digestivos. O estudo do efeito inibitório in vitro dos extractos sobre a actividade de enzimas responsáveis pelo metabolismo dos hidratos de carbono permitiu determinar que os viii Joana Pinto (2016) extractos foram mais eficientes na inibição da actividade da α-glucosidase do que na inibição da actividade da α-amilase.

The third dimension: new developments in cell culture models for colorectal research

Cellular models are important tools in various research areas related to colorectal biology and associated diseases. Herein, we review the most widely used cell lines and the different techniques to grow them, either as cell monolayer, polarized two-dimensional epithelia on membrane filters, or as three-dimensional spheres in scaffoldfree or matrix-supported culture conditions. Moreover, recent developments, such as gut-on-chip devices or the ex vivo growth of biopsy-derived organoids, are also discussed. We provide an overview on the potential applications but also on the limitations for each of these techniques, while evaluating their contribution to provide more reliable cellular models for research, diagnostic testing, or pharmacological validation related to colon physiology and pathophysiology.

From genes to radioresistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) are a group of tumours located in the upper aero-digestive tract. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) represent about 90% of all HNC cases. It has been considered the sixth most malignant tumour worldwide and, despite clinical and technological advances, the five-year survival rate has not improved much in the last years. Nowadays, HNSCC is well established as a heterogeneous disease and that its development is due to accumulation of genetic events. Apart from the majority of the patients being diagnosed in an advanced stage, HNSCC is also a disease with poor therapeutic outcome. One of the therapeutic approaches is radiotherapy. However, this approach has different drawbacks like the radioresistance acquired by some tumour cells, leading to a worse prognosis. A major knowledge in radiation biology is imperative to improve this type of treatment and avoid late toxicities, maintaining patient quality of life in the subsequent years after treatment. Then, identification of genetic markers associated to radiotherapy response in patients and possible alterations in cells after radiotherapy are essential steps towards an improved diagnosis, higher survival rate and a better life quality. Not much is known about the radiation effects on cells, so, the principal aim of this study was to contribute to a more extensive knowledge about radiation treatment in HNSCC. For this, two commercial cell lines, HSC-3 and BICR-10, were used and characterized resorting to karyotyping, aCGH and MS-MLPA. These cell lines were submitted to different doses of irradiation and the resulting genetic and methylation alterations were evaluated. Our results showed a great difference in radiation response between the two cell lines, allowing the conclusion that HSC-3 was much more radiosensitive than BICR-10. Bearing this in mind, analysis of cell death, cell cycle and DNA damages was performed to try to elucidate the motifs behind this difference. The characterization of both cell lines allowed the confirmation that HSC-3 was derived from a metastatic tumour and the hypothesis that BICR-10 was derived from a dysplasia. Furthermore, this pilot study enabled the suggestion of some genetic and epigenetic alterations that cells suffer after radiation treatment. Additionally, it also allowed the association of some genetic characteristics that could be related to the differences in radiation response observable in this two cell lines. Taken together all of our results contribute to a better understanding of radiation effects on HNSCC allowing one further step towards the prediction of patients’ outcome, better choice of treatment approaches and ultimately a better quality of life.

Utilização da berberina na identificação dos mastócitos do molusco Anomalocardia brasiliana

Berberine is an alkaloid used as a fluorochrome in the identification of heparin and DNA. Enerback, 1974, described the technique used until today to study granules rich in heparin of vertebrate mast cells. Santos et al., 2003, studied mast cells of the mollusk Anomalocardia brasiliana using biochemical and histological analysis. This work used the fluorescent dye berberine technique to improve characterization of these cells. Mollusk organs (ctenidium and mantle) were processed with routine histological techniques. Tissue sections were treated with berberine 0,02% in redistilled water acidified to pH 4, by the addition of citric acid for 20 minutes. The visualization was made through fluorescence microscopy with ultraviolet region emission. The mast cell fluorescence had a strong yellow color, where cell nuclei appeared more greenish. This result was very similar to the ones reported before. Mast cells are location at the epithelium surface is the same in both organs, mantle and ctenidium. The fluorescence was easily observed in the granules. Therefore, this technique showed to be good and sensitive to study mast cell of invertebrates

Association between common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms and sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma risk

Lipids can modulate the risk of developing sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma (SCA), since alterations into lipid metabolism and transport pathways influence directly cholesterol and lipids absorption by colonic cells and indirectly reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in rectum cells due to lipid accumulation. Lipid metabolism is regulated by several proteins APOA1, APOB, APOC3, APOE, CETP, NPY, PON1 and PPARG that could influence both metabolism and transport processes. Is been reported that several common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes could influence their function and/or expression, changing lipid metabolism balance. Thus, genetic changes in those genes can influence SCA development, once the majority of them were never studied in this disease. Furthermore, there are contradictory results between some studied polymorphisms and SCA risk. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore and describe lipid metabolism-associated genes common polymorphisms (APOA1 -75 G>A; APOB R3500Q; APOC3 C3175G, APOC3 T3206G; APOE Cys112/158Arg; CETP G279A, CETP R451Q; NPY Leu7Pro; PON1 Q192R; PPARG Pro12Ala) status among SCA, and their relationship with SCA risk. Genotyping of common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms (APOA1 75 G>A; APOB R3500Q; APOC3 C3175G, APOC3 T3206G; APOE Cys112/158Arg; CETP G279A, CETP R451Q; NPY Leu7Pro; PON1 Q192R; PPARG Pro12Ala) were done by PCR-SSP techniques, from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies of 100 healthy individuals and 68 SCA subjects. Mutant genotypes of APOA1 -75AA (32% vs 12%; p=0.001; OR=3.51; 95% CI 1.59-7.72); APOB 3500AA (7% vs 0%; p=0.01); APOC3 3175GG (19% vs 2%; p=0.0002; OR=11.58; 95% CI 2.52-53.22), APOC3 3206GG (19% vs 0%; p<0.0001); CETP 279AA (12% vs 1%; p=0.003; OR=13.20; 95% CI 1.61-108.17), CETP 451AA (16% vs 0%; p<0.0001); NPY 7CC (15% vs 0%; p<0.0001); PPARG 12GG (10% vs 0%; p=0.001); and heterozygote genotype PON1 192AG (56% vs 22%; p<0.0001; OR=4.49; 95% CI 2.298.80) were found associated with SCA prevalence. While, APOE E4/E4 (0% vs 8%; p=0.02) mutant haplotype seemed to have a protective effect on SCA. Moreover, it also been founded differences between APOB 3500GA, APOC3 3206TG, CETP 279AA genotypes and PPARG 12Ala allele prevalence and tissue localization (colon vs rectum). These findings suggest a positive association between most of common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms studied and SCA prevalence. Dysregulation of APOA1, APOB, APOC3, CETP, NPY, PON1 and PPARG genes could be associated with lower cholesterol plasma levels and increase ROS among colon and rectum mucosa. Furthermore, these results also support the hypothesis that CRC is related with intestinal lipid absorption decrease and secondary bile acids production increase. Moreover, the polymorphisms studied may play an important role as biomarkers to SCA susceptibility.

Association between common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms and sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma risk

Lipids can modulate the risk of developing sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma (SCA), since alterations into lipid metabolism and transport pathways influence directly cholesterol and lipids absorption by colonic cells and indirectly reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in rectum cells due to lipid accumulation. Lipid metabolism is regulated by several proteins APOA1, APOB, APOC3, APOE, CETP, NPY, PON1 and PPARG that could influence both metabolism and transport processes. Is been reported that several common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes could influence their function and/or expression, changing lipid metabolism balance. Thus, genetic changes in those genes can influence SCA development, once the majority of them were never studied in this disease. Furthermore, there are contradictory results between some studied polymorphisms and SCA risk. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore and describe lipid metabolism-associated genes common polymorphisms (APOA1 -75 G>A; APOB R3500Q; APOC3 C3175G, APOC3 T3206G; APOE Cys112/158Arg; CETP G279A, CETP R451Q; NPY Leu7Pro; PON1 Q192R; PPARG Pro12Ala) status among SCA, and their relationship with SCA risk. Genotyping of common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms (APOA1 75 G>A; APOB R3500Q; APOC3 C3175G, APOC3 T3206G; APOE Cys112/158Arg; CETP G279A, CETP R451Q; NPY Leu7Pro; PON1 Q192R; PPARG Pro12Ala) were done by PCR-SSP techniques, from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsies of 100 healthy individuals and 68 SCA subjects. Mutant genotypes of APOA1 -75AA (32% vs 12%; p=0.001; OR=3.51; 95% CI 1.59-7.72); APOB 3500AA (7% vs 0%; p=0.01); APOC3 3175GG (19% vs 2%; p=0.0002; OR=11.58; 95% CI 2.52-53.22), APOC3 3206GG (19% vs 0%; p<0.0001); CETP 279AA (12% vs 1%; p=0.003; OR=13.20; 95% CI 1.61-108.17), CETP 451AA (16% vs 0%; p<0.0001); NPY 7CC (15% vs 0%; p<0.0001); PPARG 12GG (10% vs 0%; p=0.001); and heterozygote genotype PON1 192AG (56% vs 22%; p<0.0001; OR=4.49; 95% CI 2.298.80) were found associated with SCA prevalence. While, APOE E4/E4 (0% vs 8%; p=0.02) mutant haplotype seemed to have a protective effect on SCA. Moreover, it also been founded differences between APOB 3500GA, APOC3 3206TG, CETP 279AA genotypes and PPARG 12Ala allele prevalence and tissue localization (colon vs rectum). These findings suggest a positive association between most of common lipid metabolism genes polymorphisms studied and SCA prevalence. Dysregulation of APOA1, APOB, APOC3, CETP, NPY, PON1 and PPARG genes could be associated with lower cholesterol plasma levels and increase ROS among colon and rectum mucosa. Furthermore, these results also support the hypothesis that CRC is related with intestinal lipid absorption decrease and secondary bile acids production increase. Moreover, the polymorphisms studied may play an important role as biomarkers to SCA susceptibility.

Mastectomia e corporalidade: impacto da cirurgia estético-reconstrutiva

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica,

Composição química e atividade antioxidante de maracujá-roxo (Passiflora edulis Sims edulis)em diferentes graus de maturação

O maracujá-roxo é um fruto tropical que tem ganho destaque devido ao seu valor nutricional, organolético e às emergentes descobertas acerca das suas propriedades farmacêuticas e antioxidantes. Durante o processo de maturação decorrem várias reações de ordem física e química, e no intuito de enriquecer o conhecimento acerca de como a composição química e as propriedades do maracujá-roxo evoluem ao longo da maturação, este trabalho consistiu na caracterização física do fruto inteiro e na caracterização química geral das sementes, casca e polpa em frutos separados em cinco graus de maturação diferentes (G1 a G5). Foi também avaliada a atividade antioxidante (atividade antiradicalar e poder redutor), e o teor em compostos fenólicos (fenóis totais, derivados do ácido hidroxicinâmico e flavonóis) das diferentes matrizes que compõem o fruto ao longo da maturação. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se na casca que o teor em cinza bruta aumenta essencialmente entre G1 e G2 enquanto se verificou uma diminuição da proteína. Em relação à semente, o teor em cinza bruta aumenta gradualmente, e o teor em proteína aumenta de G1 para G2, estabilizando posteriormente nos 8% (base seca). O teor em gordura aumenta gradualmente ao longo da maturação, verificando-se um maior acumulo entre G1 e G2 (9,9 e 19,1% respetivamente). No que respeita à polpa, há uma diminuição nos teores de cinza e proteína e aumento dos sólidos solúveis totais.Verificou-se um aumento ligeiro do pH ao longo da maturação (entre 2,8 a 3,1) e uma diminuição da acidez (entre 12,1 e 6,7 g de ácido cítrico 100 mL-1). Constatou-se que os açúcares predominantes na polpa foram a sacarose, frutose e glucose. Quanto aos ácidos orgánicos, o ácido cítrico foi o maioritário em todos os graus de maturação e teores mais baixos foram quantificados para os ácidos málico e ascórbico. Entre as diferentes partes do fruto estudadas, as cascas foram a matriz mais antioxidante, aumentando o seu potencial bioativo durante a maturação. As sementes apresentaram valores mais elevados de fenóis totais, derivados do ácido hidroxicinâmico e flavonóis. Foi verificado que a atividade antioxidante esteve correlacionada com os valores de fenóis totais presentes nas diferentes partes do fruto ao longo da maturação. De acordo com o conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro estudo que toma em consideração as alterações sofridas pelas diferentes partes do maracujá-roxo produzido em Portugal, ao longo da maturação.