Annullamento dell'aggiudicazione e inefficacia del contratto

Lo studio si occupa del tema della nullità dell’atto amministrativo nell’ambito della attività negoziale della p.a.. L’obiettivo è quello di analizzare gli effetti sul contratto di appalto, a seguito dell’annullamento degli atti di gara, alla luce dei recenti interventi legislativi e giurisprudenziali. L’indagine investe anche questioni di giurisdizione e di legittimazione ad agire La tesi è articolata in tre capitoli. Nel primo capitolo “Annullamento della aggiudicazione e sorte del contratto nell’iter ricostruttivo dell’istituto si analizzano le conseguenze dell’annullamento degli atti di gara sul contratto e si riflette sui profili del riparto di giurisdizione tra GA e GO e della qualificazione dei vizi. Si analizza, inoltre, il rapporto tra autotutela, legittimo affidamento e responsabilità della p.a., alla luce della funzione dei principi generali dell’ordinamento, costituendo, questi, sia limite, sia contenuto della funzione amministrativa espressa come potere di autotutela e delineando essi lo spazio entro cui il giudice deve agire. Il secondo capitolo analizza le “Prospettive di sviluppo recenti ed interventi chiarificatori”, alla luce del recente decreto legislativo n. 53/2010, della cd. Direttiva ricorsi (n. 2007/66/CE) e delle norme relative al nuovo processo amministrativo, recentemente introdotte, (artt. da 122 a 125 del d. lgs. n. 104/2010) concentra l’attenzione sul profilo della individuazione dei parametri che il giudice può utilizzare per statuire della sorte del contratto. Nel terzo capitolo “Diritto pubblico e Diritto privato nei contratti della Pubblica Amministrazione”. si focalizza l’attenzione sul rapporto tra istituti del diritto amministrativo istituti del diritto privato: quanto più l’attività negoziale risulta attratta nella sfera del potere pubblicistico, tanto più il contratto non godrà di autonomia rispetto al provvedimento. La reciproca dipendenza implica che la sorte dell’atto incida irrimediabilmente anche sul contratto. Nell’ultimo paragrafo dell’ultimo capitolo si propongono alcune conclusioni.

Experimental analysis on the use of CCC systems to analyze the in-situ bearing capacity of C&D materials

Compaction is one of the most important processes in roadway construction. It is needed to achieve high quality and uniformity of pavement materials, which in turn better ensure long lasting performance.

Fresh Produce Safety and Good Agricultural Practices: Stakeholders' Perception and Consumers' Choice in Thailand

Concerns of Thai consumers on food safety have been recently increasing, especially in urban areas and for fresh produce because food safety scandals, such as chemical residues on fresh produce (e.g., cabbage) still frequently occur. The Thai government tried to meet consumer needs by imposing in the domestic market a stronger regulation aimed at increasing the baseline level of food safety assurance and by introducing a voluntary standard (based on Good Agricultural Practices or GAPs and known as Q-GAP) and the related food safety label (i.e., Q mark). However, since standards and regulations are weakly implemented in the domestic market compared to exported products, there is still a lack of Thai consumers’ confidence in the safety of local food products. In this work the current situation of GAPs adoption in Thai fresh produce production is analysed. Furthermore, it is studied whether Thai consumers place value on food safety labels available on the market, to know whether consumer demand could drive the market of certified safer products. This study contains three essays: 1) a review of the literature, 2) a qualitative study on stakeholders' perception toward GAPs adoption and 3) a quantitative study, aimed at analysing consumers' preferences and willingness-to-pay for food safety labels on fresh produce using a discrete choice experiment. This dissertation contributes to the economics of quality assurance and labelling, specifically addressing GAPs and food safety label in the fresh produce supply chain. Results show that Q-GAP could be effectively used to improve food safety in Thai domestic market, but its credibility should be improved. Stakeholder’s awareness toward food safety issues and the delivery of reliable and sound information are crucial. Thai consumers are willing to pay a premium price for food safety labelled produce over unlabelled ones. Implications for both government and business decision-makers are discussed.

Electric techniques for the assessment of quality parameters of foodstuffs

In food industry, quality assurance requires low cost methods for the rapid assessment of the parameters that affect product stability. Foodstuffs are complex in their structure, mainly composed by gaseous, liquid and solid phases which often coexist in the same product. Special attention is given to water, concerned as natural component of the major food product or as added ingredient of a production process. Particularly water is structurally present in the matrix and not completely available. In this way, water can be present in foodstuff in many different states: as water of crystallization, bound to protein or starch molecules, entrapped in biopolymer networks or adsorbed on solid surfaces of porous food particles. The traditional technique for the assessment of food quality give reliable information but are destructive, time consuming and unsuitable for on line application. The techniques proposed answer to the limited disposition of time and could be able to characterize the main compositional parameters. Dielectric interaction response is mainly related to water and could be useful not only to provide information on the total content but also on the degree of mobility of this ubiquitous molecule in different complex food matrix. In this way the proposal of this thesis is to answer at this need. Dielectric and electric tool can be used for the scope and led us to describe the complex food matrix and predict food characteristic. The thesis is structured in three main part, in the first one some theoretical tools are recalled to well assess the food parameter involved in the quality definition and the techniques able to reply at the problem emerged. The second part explains the research conducted and the experimental plans are illustrated in detail. Finally the last section is left for rapid method easily implementable in an industrial process.

Multicentre study for a robust protocol in single-voxel spectroscopy: quantification of MRS signals by time-domain fitting algorithms

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is an advanced clinical and research application which guarantees a specific biochemical and metabolic characterization of tissues by the detection and quantification of key metabolites for diagnosis and disease staging. The "Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica (AIFM)" has promoted the activity of the "Interconfronto di spettroscopia in RM" working group. The purpose of the study is to compare and analyze results obtained by perfoming MRS on scanners of different manufacturing in order to compile a robust protocol for spectroscopic examinations in clinical routines. This thesis takes part into this project by using the GE Signa HDxt 1.5 T at the Pavillion no. 11 of the S.Orsola-Malpighi hospital in Bologna. The spectral analyses have been performed with the jMRUI package, which includes a wide range of preprocessing and quantification algorithms for signal analysis in the time domain. After the quality assurance on the scanner with standard and innovative methods, both spectra with and without suppression of the water peak have been acquired on the GE test phantom. The comparison of the ratios of the metabolite amplitudes over Creatine computed by the workstation software, which works on the frequencies, and jMRUI shows good agreement, suggesting that quantifications in both domains may lead to consistent results. The characterization of an in-house phantom provided by the working group has achieved its goal of assessing the solution content and the metabolite concentrations with good accuracy. The goodness of the experimental procedure and data analysis has been demonstrated by the correct estimation of the T2 of water, the observed biexponential relaxation curve of Creatine and the correct TE value at which the modulation by J coupling causes the Lactate doublet to be inverted in the spectrum. The work of this thesis has demonstrated that it is possible to perform measurements and establish protocols for data analysis, based on the physical principles of NMR, which are able to provide robust values for the spectral parameters of clinical use.

Schriftlicher Text im Film und seine Übersetzung : die Inserts der BBC-Serie Sherlock (2010-12) ; aus der Perspektive von Untertiteltheorie, Comictheorie und Translationspraxis

Die BBC-Serie SHERLOCK war 2011 eine der meistexportierten Fernsehproduktionen Großbritanniens und wurde weltweit in viele Sprachen übersetzt. Eine der Herausforderungen bei der Übersetzung stellen die Schrifteinblendungen der Serie (kurz: Inserts) dar. Die Inserts versprachlichen die Gedanken des Protagonisten, bilden schriftliche und digitale Kommunikation ab und zeichnen sich dabei durch ihre visuelle Auffälligkeit und teilweise als einzige Träger sprachlicher Kommunikation aus, womit sie zum wichtigen ästhetischen und narrativen Mittel in der Serie werden. Interessanterweise sind in der Übersetztung alle stilistischen Eigenschaften der Original-Inserts erhalten. In dieser Arbeit wird einerseits untersucht, wie Schrifteinblendungen im Film theoretisch beschrieben werden können, und andererseits, was sie in der Praxis so übersetzt werden können, wie es in der deutschen Version von Sherlock geschah. Zur theoretischen Beschreibung werden zunächst die Schrifteinblendungen in Sherlock Untertitelungsnormen anhand relevanter grundlegender semiotischer Dimensionen gegenübergestellt. Weiterhin wird das Verhältnis zwischen Schrifteinblendungen und Filmbild erkundet. Dazu wird geprüft, wie gut verschiedene Beschreibungsansätze zu Text-Bild-Verhältnissen aus der Sprachwissenschaft, Comicforschung, Übersetzungswissenschaft und Typografie die Einblendungen in Sherlock erklären können. Im praktischen Teil wird die Übersetzung der Einblendungen beleuchtet. Der Übersetzungsprozess bei der deutschen Version wird auf Grundlage eines Experteninterviews mit dem Synchronautor der Serie rekonstruiert, der auch für die Formulierung der Inserts zuständig war. Abschließend werden spezifische Übersetzungsprobleme der Inserts aus der zweiten Staffel von SHERLOCK diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass Untertitelungsnormen zur Beschreibung von Inserts nicht geeignet sind, da sie in Dimensionen wie Position, grafische Gestaltung, Animation, Soundeffekte, aber auch Timing stark eingeschränkt sind. Dies lässt sich durch das historisch geprägte Verständnis von Untertiteln erklären, die als möglichst wenig störendes Beiwerk zum fertigen Filmbild und -ablauf (notgedrungen) hinzugefügt werden, wohingegen für die Inserts in SHERLOCK teilweise sogar ein zentraler Platz in der Bild- und Szenenkomposition bereits bei den Dreharbeiten vorgesehen wurde. In Bezug auf Text-Bild-Verhältnisse zeigen sich die größten Parallelen zu Ansätzen aus der Comicforschung, da auch dort schriftliche Texte im Bild eingebettet sind anstatt andersherum. Allerdings sind auch diese Ansätze zur Beschreibung von Bewegung und Ton unzureichend. Die Erkundung der Erklärungsreichweite weiterer vielversprechender Konzepte, wie Interface und Usability, bleibt ein Ziel für künftige Studien. Aus dem Experteninterview lässt sich schließen, dass die Übersetzung von Inserts ein neues, noch unstandardisiertes Verfahren ist, in dem idiosynkratische praktische Lösungen zur sprachübergreifenden Kommunikation zwischen verschiedenen Prozessbeteiligten zum Einsatz kommen. Bei hochqualitative Produktionen zeigt ist auch für die ersetzende Insertübersetzung der Einsatz von Grafikern unerlässlich, zumindest für die Erstellung neuer Inserts als Übersetzungen von gefilmtem Text (Display). Hierbei sind die theoretisch möglichen Synergien zwischen Sprach- und Bildexperten noch nicht voll ausgeschöpft. Zudem zeigt sich Optimierungspotential mit Blick auf die Bereitstellung von sorgfältiger Dokumentation zur ausgangssprachlichen Version. Diese wäre als Referenzmaterial für die Übersetzung insbesondere auch für Zwecke der internationalen Qualitätssicherung relevant. Die übersetzten Inserts in der deutschen Version weisen insgesamt eine sehr hohe Qualität auf. Übersetzungsprobleme ergeben sich für das genretypische Element der Codes, die wegen ihrer Kompaktheit und multiplen Bezügen zum Film eine Herausforderung darstellen. Neben weiteren bekannten Übersetzungsproblemen wie intertextuellen Bezügen und Realia stellt sich immer wieder die Frage, wieviel der im Original dargestellten Insert- und Displaytexte übersetzt werden müssen. Aus Gründen der visuellen Konsistenz wurden neue Inserts zur Übersetzung von Displays notwendig. Außerdem stellt sich die Frage insbesondere bei Fülltexten. Sie dienen der Repräsentation von Text und der Erweiterung der Grenzen der fiktiv dargestellten Welt, sind allerdings mit hohem Übersetzungsaufwand bei minimaler Bedeutung für die Handlung verbunden.

A QoS Controller Framework Compliant with the ETSI Network Function Virtualization Specification

The 5th generation of mobile networking introduces the concept of “Network slicing”, the network will be “sliced” horizontally, each slice will be compliant with different requirements in terms of network parameters such as bandwidth, latency. This technology is built on logical instead of physical resources, relies on virtual network as main concept to retrieve a logical resource. The Network Function Virtualisation provides the concept of logical resources for a virtual network function, enabling the concept virtual network; it relies on the Software Defined Networking as main technology to realize the virtual network as resource, it also define the concept of virtual network infrastructure with all components needed to enable the network slicing requirements. SDN itself uses cloud computing technology to realize the virtual network infrastructure, NFV uses also the virtual computing resources to enable the deployment of virtual network function instead of having custom hardware and software for each network function. The key of network slicing is the differentiation of slice in terms of Quality of Services parameters, which relies on the possibility to enable QoS management in cloud computing environment. The QoS in cloud computing denotes level of performances, reliability and availability offered. QoS is fundamental for cloud users, who expect providers to deliver the advertised quality characteristics, and for cloud providers, who need to find the right tradeoff between QoS levels that has possible to offer and operational costs. While QoS properties has received constant attention before the advent of cloud computing, performance heterogeneity and resource isolation mechanisms of cloud platforms have significantly complicated QoS analysis and deploying, prediction, and assurance. This is prompting several researchers to investigate automated QoS management methods that can leverage the high programmability of hardware and software resources in the cloud.

[Body-packer ; body-stuffer - a medical challenge]

Since the seventies, the practice of drug smuggling in the form of body packing has increased in the Western world. The goal of our study was to present an algorithm for the safe management of intracorporal drug transport based on clinical experience and current evidence. The retrospective study, conducted over the past four years in our hospital prison, analyzes and discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic concepts. Thirty-four patients hospitalized 37 times in a 48-month period were included. In 28 patients drug packages were identified. Only two patients suffered from serious complications. The study demonstrates that following a specifically designed management algorithm based on clinical experience and principles of evidence-based medicine can optimize risk management, improve quality assurance and patient safety.

Detection of Internal Defects in Concrete Members Using Global Vibration Characteristics

Rock-pocket and honeycomb defects impair overall stiffness, accelerate aging, reduce service life, and cause structural problems in hardened concrete members. Traditional methods for detecting such deficient volumes involve visual observations or localized nondestructive methods, which are labor-intensive, time-consuming, highly sensitive to test conditions, and require knowledge of and accessibility to defect locations. The authors propose a vibration response-based nondestructive technique that combines experimental and numerical methodologies for use in identifying the location and severity of internal defects of concrete members. The experimental component entails collecting mode shape curvatures from laboratory beam specimens with size-controlled rock pocket and honeycomb defects, and the numerical component entails simulating beam vibration response through a finite element (FE) model parameterized with three defect-identifying variables indicating location (x, coordinate along the beam length) and severity of damage (alpha, stiffness reduction and beta, mass reduction). Defects are detected by comparing the FE model predictions to experimental measurements and inferring the low number of defect-identifying variables. This method is particularly well-suited for rapid and cost-effective quality assurance for precast concrete members and for inspecting concrete members with simple geometric forms.

Standard procedures for adults in accredited sleep medicine centres in Europe

The present paper describes standardized procedures within clinical sleep medicine. As such, it is a continuation of the previously published European guidelines for the accreditation of sleep medicine centres and European guidelines for the certification of professionals in sleep medicine, aimed at creating standards of practice in European sleep medicine. It is also part of a broader action plan of the European Sleep Research Society, including the process of accreditation of sleep medicine centres and certification of sleep medicine experts, as well as publishing the Catalogue of Knowledge and Skills for sleep medicine experts (physicians, non-medical health care providers, nurses and technologists), which will be a basis for the development of relevant educational curricula. In the current paper, the standard operational procedures sleep medicine centres regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients evaluated at sleep medicine centres, accredited according to the European Guidelines, are based primarily on prevailing evidence-based medicine principles. In addition, parts of the standard operational procedures are based on a formalized consensus procedure applied by a group of Sleep Medicine Experts from the European National Sleep Societies. The final recommendations for standard operational procedures are categorized either as 'standard practice', 'procedure that could be useful', 'procedure that is not useful' or 'procedure with insufficient information available'. Standard operational procedures described here include both subjective and objective testing, as well as recommendations for follow-up visits and for ensuring patients' safety in sleep medicine. The overall goal of the actual standard operational procedures is to further develop excellence in the practice and quality assurance of sleep medicine in Europe.

Postreperfusion cardiac arrest and resuscitation during orthotopic liver transplantation: dynamic visualization and analysis of physiologic recordings

We recently reported on the Multi Wave Animator (MWA), a novel open-source tool with capability of recreating continuous physiologic signals from archived numerical data and presenting them as they appeared on the patient monitor. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time the power of this technology in a real clinical case, an intraoperative cardiopulmonary arrest following reperfusion of a liver transplant graft. Using the MWA, we animated hemodynamic and ventilator data acquired before, during, and after cardiac arrest and resuscitation. This report is accompanied by an online video that shows the most critical phases of the cardiac arrest and resuscitation and provides a basis for analysis and discussion. This video is extracted from a 33-min, uninterrupted video of cardiac arrest and resuscitation, which is available online. The unique strength of MWA, its capability to accurately present discrete and continuous data in a format familiar to clinicians, allowed us this rare glimpse into events leading to an intraoperative cardiac arrest. Because of the ability to recreate and replay clinical events, this tool should be of great interest to medical educators, researchers, and clinicians involved in quality assurance and patient safety.

Hospital for joint diseases participates in international spine registry Spine Tango after successful pilot study

Spine Tango is currently the only international spine registry in existence. It was developed under the auspices of Eurospine, the Spine Society of Europe, and is hosted at the University of Bern, Switzerland. The HJD Spine Center successfully tested Spine Tango during a 3-month pilot study and has since expanded documentation activities to more surgeons. Workflow integration and dedicated research staff are key factors for such an endeavor. Participation enables benchmarking against national and international peers and outcome research and quality assurance of surgical and non-surgical treatments.

Architecture of European plastic surgery

The architecture of European Plastic Surgery was published in 1996 [Nicolai JPA, Scuderi N. Plastic surgical Europe in an organogram. Eur J Plast Surg 1996; 19: 253-256.] It is the objective of this paper to update information of that article. Continuing medical education (CME), science, training, examination, quality assurance and relations with the European Commission and Parliament all are aspects covered by the organisations to be discussed.

Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from Swiss veal calves at slaughter

Bacteria with antimicrobial resistance can be transferred from animals to humans and may compromise antimicrobial treatment in case of infection. To determine the antimicrobial resistance situation in bacteria from Swiss veal calves, faecal samples from 500 randomly selected calves originating from 129 farms were collected at four big slaughterhouses. Samples were cultured for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp. and Campylobacter sp. and isolated strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to selected antimicrobial agents by the minimal inhibitory concentration technique using the broth microdilution method. From 100 farms, data on farm management, animal husbandry and antimicrobial treatments of the calves were collected by questionnaire. Risk factors associated with antimicrobial resistance were identified by logistic regression. In total, 467 E. coli, 413 Enterococcus sp. and 202 Campylobacter sp. were isolated. Of those, 68.7%, 98.7% and 67.8%, respectively, were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobial agents. Resistance was mainly observed to antimicrobials frequently used in farm animals. Prevalence of resistance to antimicrobials important for human treatment was generally low. However, a rather high number of quinupristin/dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter sp. were detected. External calf purchase, large finishing groups, feeding of milk by-products and administration of antimicrobials through feed upon arrival of the animals on the farm significantly increased the risk of antimicrobial resistance at farm level. Participation in a quality assurance programme and injection of a macrolide upon arrival of the animals on the farm had a protective effect. The present study showed that veal calves may serve as a reservoir for resistant bacteria. To ensure food safety, veal calves should be included in the national monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in farm animals. By improving farm management and calf husbandry the prevalence of resistance may be reduced.