Calogênese do híbrido Theobroma grandiflorum x T. obovatum (Sterculiaceae)

O declínio da cacauicultura na amazônia tem sido causado pela doença vassoura-de-bruxa (Crinipellis perniciosa). Um híbrido interespecífico do mesmo gênero (Theobroma grandiflorum x T. obovatum) tem demonstrando resistência a esta doença. Avaliou-se a calogênese deste híbrido com a finalidade de sua propagação massiva. Os explantes usados (tegumento, cotilédone e embrião) foram postos para desenvolver em condições estéreis em meio de cultura LPm mais água de coco (50 ml/l), glucose (20 g/l), 2,4 - D (2 mg/l), Thidiazuron - TDZ nas concentrações de 0, 5 e 10 µg/l, carvão ativado (2 g/l) em gelrite (2 g/l) a um pH de 5,8. Cada concentração de TDZ x tipo de tecido foi considerado um tratamento. As culturas foram mantidas no escuro, à temperatura de 22 ± 2 ºC. Os tecidos não mostraram diferenças significativas quanto a proporção do explante recoberto por calos (p= 0,14) embora notou-se que nos cotilédones tenha sido maior. A dosagem de TDZ nitidamente não influenciou no recobrimento de calos (p= 0,94). Quanto a freqüência, os tecidos mostraram diferentes capacidades de desenvolver calos (p= 0,02) sem mostrar-se influenciados pela dosagem de TDZ (p = 0,66). Os explantes de cotilédones foram os que formaram calos em maior freqüência. Houve uma leve tendência de que quanto menor a dosagem de TDZ maior a freqüência de calos obtidos. Não foi constatada interação entre tipo de calo/frasco x dosagem de TDZ (p = 0,32).

Gd2O3: Eu Nanoparticle-Based Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Composites for Indirect X-ray Detection

Polymer based scintillator composites have been fabricated by combining poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and Gd2O3:Eu nanoparticles (50nm). PVDF has been used since it is a flexible and stable binder matrix and highly resistance to thermal and light deterioration. Gd2O3:Eu has been selected as scintillator material due to its wide band gap, high density and suitable visible light yield. The structural, mechanical, thermal and electrical characteristics of the composites were studied as a function of filler content, together with their performance as scintillator material. The introduction of Gd2O3:Eu nanoparticles into the PVDF matrix does not influence the morphology of the polymer or the degree of crystallinity. On the other hand, an increase of the Young´s modulus with respect to PVDF matrix is observed for filler contents of 0.1-0.75 wt.%. The introduction of Gd2O3:Eu into the PVDF matrix increases dielectric constant and DC electrical conductivity as well as the visible light yield in the nanocomposite, being this increase dependent upon Gd2O3:Eu content and X-ray input power. In this way, Gd2O3:Eu/PVDF composites shows suitable characteristics to be used as X-ray radiation transducers, in particular for large area applications.

Ag-TiNx electrodes deposited on piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) for biomedical sensor applications

Electroactive polymers are one of the most interesting class of polymers used as smart materials in various applications, such as the development of sensors and actuators for biomedical applications in areas such as smart prosthesis, implantable biosensors and biomechanical signal monitoring, among others. For acquiring or applying the electrical signal from/to the piezoelectric material, suitable electrodes can be produced from Ti based coatings with tailored multifunctional properties, conductivity and antibacterial characteristics, through Ag inclusions. This work reports on Ag-TiNx electrodes, deposited by d. c. and pulsed magnetron sputtering at room temperature on poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, the all-round best piezoelectric polymer.. Composition of the electrodes was assessed by microanalysis X-ray system (EDS - energy dispersive spectrometer). The XRD results revealed that the deposition conditions preserve the polymer structure and suggested the presence of crystalline fcc-TiN phase and fcc-Ag phase in samples with N2 flow above 3 sccm. According to the results obtained from SEM analysis, the coatings are homogeneous and Ag clusters were found for samples with nitrogen flow above 3 sccm. With increasing nitrogen flow, the sheet resistivity tend to be lower than the samples without nitrogen, leading also to a decrease of the piezoelectric response. It is concluded that the deposition conditions do significantly affect the piezoelectric polymer, which maintain its characteristics for sensor/actuator applications.

Simulation of OWES with five-Level converter linked to the grid: Harmonic assessment

This paper deals with a computing simulation for an offshore wind energy system taking into account the influence of the marine waves action throughout the floating platform. The wind energy system has a variable-speed turbine equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a full-power five level converter, injecting energy into the electric grid through a high voltage alternate current link. A reduction on the unbalance of the voltage in the DC-link capacitors of the five-level converter is proposed by a strategic selection of the output voltage vectors. The model for the drive train of the wind energy system is a two mass model, including the dynamics of the floating platform. A case study is presented and the assessment of the quality of the energy injected into the electric grid is discussed.

Análise do potencial de imagem TerraSAR-X para mapeamento temático no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o potencial de imagens SAR polarimétricas do sensor TerraSAR-X, no modo StripMap, para mapear o uso e cobertura da terra na região sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira. No procedimento metodológico imagens de amplitude nas polarizações A HH e A VV, A

Parasitismo em tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus, Characidae) cultivados na Amazônia, Brasil

Os estudos sobre os parasitos e doenças parasitárias são de grande interesse para a piscicultura, uma vez que podem afetar o crescimento dos peixes. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a fauna parasitária e relação parasito-hospedeiro em Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus (tambatinga) de 10 pisciculturas do estado do Amapá, Amazônia. Dos 503 peixes examinados, 63,1% estavam parasitados e 49.299.189 parasitos foram coletados, tais como Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Trichodina sp., Tetrahymena sp., Anacanthorus spathulatus, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni, Mymarothecium boegeri, Notozothecium janauachensis, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae e Perulernaea gamitanae. Porém, a dominância foi de I. multifiliis, seguida de P. pillulare e monogenoideas, parasitos que apresentaram padrão de dispersão agregado juntamente com P. gamitanae. Houve correlação positiva do comprimento dos hospedeiros com a prevalência parasitária total, bem como do tamanho dos peixes com a abundância de I. multiliis, P. pillulare, monogenoideas e P. gamitanae, mas os níveis infecção não influenciaram o fator de condição relativo dos hospedeiros. A ocorrência de ectoparasitos foi favorecida pelo manejo e pobre condição sanitária das pisciculturas, mas a presença de espécies de endoparasitos foi devido ao abastecimento dos viveiros com água provenientes de corpos de água naturais. Este foi primeiro relato de I. multiliis, P. pillulare, Trichodina sp., Tetrahymena sp., A. spathulatus, N. janauachensis, N. buttnerae e P. (S.) inopinatus para tambatinga no Brasil.

Electrochromic devices incorporating biohybrid electrolytes doped with a lithium salt, an ionic liquid or a mixture of both

The sol-gel method was employed in the synthesis of di-urethane cross-linked poly( caprolactone) (PCL(530)/siloxane biohybrid ormolytes incorporating either a mixture of lithium triflate (LiCF3SO3) and the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Emim]BF4), or solely with [Emim]BF4 or LiCF3SO3. The ormolyte doped with [Emim]BF4 is thermally more stable and exhibits higher ionic conductivity (4 x 10-4 and 2 x 10-3 S cm-1 at 36 and 98 ºC, respectively) than those containing the LiCF3SO3/[Emim]BF4 mixture or just LiCF3SO3. The three ormolytes were employed in the production of glass/ITO/ormolyte/WO3/ITO/glass electrochromic devices (ECDs) designated as ECD@Y with Y = Li-[Emim]BF4, [Emim]BF4 and Li. The three ECDs displayed fast switching speed (ca. 30 s). ECD@Li-[Emim]BF4 exhibited an electrochromic contrast of 18.4 % and an optical density change of 0.11 in the visible region, the coloration efficiency attained at 555 nm was 159 and 80.2 cm-2 C-1 in the “on” and “off” states, respectively, and the open circuit memory was 48 hours. In the “on” state the CIE 1931 color space coordinates were x = 0.29 and y = 0.30, corresponding to blue color.

Ionic, paramagnetic and photophysical properties of a new biohybrid material incorporating copper perchlorate

The sol-gel method was employed in the synthesis of di-urethane cross-linked poly(-caprolactone) (d-PCL(530)/siloxane biohybrid ormolytes incorporating copper perchlorate, (Cu(ClO4)2). The highest ionic conductivity of the d PCL(530)/siloxanenCu(ClO4)2 system is that with n = 10 (1.4 x 10-7 and 1.4 x 10-5 S cm-1, at 25 and 100 ºC, respectively). In an attempt to understand the ionic conductivity/ionic association relationship, we decide to inspect the chemical environment experienced by the Cu2+ ions in the d-PCL(530)/siloxane medium. The observed EPR spectra are typical of isolated monomeric Cu2+ ions in axially distorted sites. The molecular orbital coefficients obtained from the EPR spin Hamiltonian parameters and the optical absorption band suggests that bonding between the Cu2+ and its ligand in the ormolytes are moderately ionic. Investigation by photoluminescence spectroscopy did not evidence or allow selective excitation of transitions corresponding to complexed Cu2+ species.

Elaboration et caractérisation des nanocristaux de Zn F O enfouis 1-x x dans des diélectriques pour des applications en spin-électronique

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências - Especialidade em Física

Can the dopaminergic-related effects of general anesthetics be linked to mechanisms involved in drug abuse and addiction?

BACKGROUND: General anesthetics (GA) are well known for the ability to induce a state of reversible loss of consciousness and unresponsiveness to painful stimuli. However, evidence from animal models and clinical studies show that GA exposure may induce behavioral changes beyond acute effects. Most research and concerns are focused on changes in cognition and memory. METHODS: We will look at effects of GA on behavior that is mediated by the dopaminergic system. RESULTS: Pharmacological resemblance of GA with drugs of abuse, and the complexity and importance of dopaminergic systems in both reward seeking and addictive illnesses make us believe that it deserves an overview about what is already known and what matters to us as healthcare workers and specifically as anesthesiologists. CONCLUSION: A review of available evidence strongly suggests that there may be a link between the effects of GA on the brain and substance abuse, partly explained by their influence on the dopaminergic system.

Blow-up and finite time extinction for p(x, t)-curl systems arising in electromagnetism

"Available online 22 March 2016"

Object-oriented inheritance of statecharts for control applications

This paper discusses how object-oriented iuheritance can be re-interpreted if statecharts are used for modelling the dynamic behaviour of an object. The support of inheritance of statecharts allows the improvement of systems' development by easing the reutilization of parts of already developed euccessful systems, aad by promoting the iterative and continuous models' refinement advocated by the operatioaal approach. Statechart is the formalism used within UML to specify reactive state.based behaviours. This paper covers the use of statecharts within the modelling of embedded systems for industrial control applxications, where performance and memory usage are main concerns.

Análisis no convencional por fluorescencia de Rayos X (Estudio de superficies y análisis con resolución espacial)

[El presente proyecto] aborda el tema de espectroscopía por fluorescencia de Rayos X (FRX) no convencional, en particular el estudio de superficies por reflexión total y el análisis con resolución espacial (mapping) mediante capilares para Rayos X. Objetivos generales y específicos Este proyecto consta de objetivos teóricos y experimentales. Se planea construir y caracterizar sistemas de condensación de haces de fotones por medio de capilares de Rayos X. (...) Se concluirá con el desarrollo e implementación del sistema para análisis superficial por perfiles de profundidad. Este sistema, cuyo estado de avance se encuentra ya muy adelantado, comenzará a utilizarse para realizar estudios de capas superficiales, perfiles superficiales de densidad y concentración, etc. El citado dispositivo es un sistema mixto mecánico-elástico que permite efectuar variaciones angulares con precisión de centésimas de milirradián. Con el objeto de llevar a cabo estudios de perfiles de profundidad cuantitativos se desarrollarán métodos y algoritmos para análisis de datos basados en las estructuras teóricas del análisis por EXAFS (Extended X Ray Analysis Fine Structure). Este enfoque surge de la similitud entre los espectros obtenidos en una experiencia de EXAFS y los correspondientes a una medición de "Depth Profiling" y tiene su fundamentación sobre la base de las ecuaciones elementales para intensidad fluorescente en condiciones de onda estacionaria. Ya que las técnicas por FRX no convencionales están invariablemente asociadas a fuentes de irradiación no convencionales, otro de los objetivos importantes de este proyecto es llevar a cabo experiencias en laboratorios sincrotrón. (...)