CREATION: técnica de criatividade para geração de ideias de novos produtos

Creativity is a skill found in all individuals and one of the strategies used to intensify it is through the application of creativity techniques. In order to propose a new technique for generating new crafts product ideas, this dissertation, which is part of a research project of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, through action research, intervened in three state communities artisans - Lajes Pintada, Massaranduba and Vera Cruz - to develop the artisans creative potential. Based on the techniques studied in the literature, we selected three techniques for interventions, composing two dynamics - one to improve features and functionalities of existing products, with the technique of SCAMPER; and the other to generate ideas for creating new products, with techniques Listing and Random Words / Figures. These latter techniques were not satisfactory in its objective by presenting constraints, not covered in the description, for the participant group. Thus, it was necessary to propose a new technique for the same purpose, the technique CREATION Clarify technique, Realized creativity, Explain, Apply for word, Think fast, Interpret, Organize ideas, Now evaluate, composed of twelve steps. To use the new technique requires that it be used by a dynamic that takes into account three phases: Planning, Application and Analysis. In the new technique application were generated around 30 ideas, regarded as new, in six sessions, from test pilot to interventions in artisans communities

Cinética da fermentação e taxas de degradação de forrageiras tropicais em diferentes idades de corte estimadas pela técnica de produção de gases in vitro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação técnica e econômica da matriz nutricional da enzima fitase em rações contendo farelo de girassol para poedeiras comerciais

Cento e oitenta poedeiras comerciais Isa Brown, com 60 semanas de idade, foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 õ 2, com dois níveis de fitase (0 e 500 ftu/kg de ração) e dois de farelo de girassol (4 e 8%), totalizando cinco dietas, avaliadas com seis repetições de seis aves. As dietas foram formuladas a partir de uma ração controle, à base de milho e farelo de soja, isenta de fitase e farelo de girassol, valorizando na formulação das dietas a matriz nutricional da fitase. O período experimental foi dividido em quatro ciclos de 28 dias cada. A matriz nutricional preconizada para fitase permitiu o atendimento pleno das exigências das aves, mesmo quando as dietas foram formuladas com níveis nutricionais reduzidos, isso quando desconsiderados os nutrientes presentes na matriz nutricional da enzima, de acordo com recomendação da empresa produtora. A adição de fitase na dieta reduz a excreção de fósforo pelas aves e melhora os parâmetros econômicos. A inclusão de farelo de girassol no nível de 8% prejudica a produção de ovos, mas não afeta os demais parâmetros de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos.

Caracterização de estruturas planares com substratos Iso/Anisotrópicos truncados através da técnica da ressonância transversa modificada

This work presents a theoretical and numerical analysis using the transverse resonance technique (TRT) and a proposed MTRT applied in the analysis of the dispersive characteristics of microstrip lines built on truncated isotropic and anisotropic dielectric substrates. The TRT uses the transmission lines model in the transversal section of the structure, allowing to analyze its dispersive behavior. The difference between TRT and MTRT consists basically of the resonance direction. While in the TRT the resonance is calculated in the same direction of the metallic strip normal axis, the MTRT considers the resonance in the metallic strip parallel plane. Although the application of the MTRT results in a more complex equivalent circuit, its use allows some added characterization, like longitudinal section electric mode (LSE) and longitudinal section magnetic mode (LSM), microstrips with truncated substrate, or structures with different dielectric regions. A computer program using TRT and MTRT proposed in this work is implemented for the characterization of microstrips on truncated isotropic and anisotropic substrates. In this analysis, propagating and evanescent modes are considered. Thus, it is possible to characterize both the dominant and higher order modes of the structure. Numerical results are presented for the effective permittivity, characteristic impedance and relative phase velocity for microstrip lines with different parameters and dimensions of the dielectric substrate. Agreement with the results obtained in the literature are shown, as well as experimental results. In some cases, the convergence analysis is also performed by considering the limiting conditions, like particular cases of isotropic materials or structures with dielectric of infinite size found in the literature. The numerical convergence of the formulation is also analyzed. Finally, conclusions and suggestions for the continuity of this work are presented

Modelagem e controle de um microveículo aéreo: uma aplicação de estabilidade robusta com a técnica backstepping em uma estrutura hexarrotor

In this Thesis, the development of the dynamic model of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle with vertical takeoff and landing characteristics, considering input nonlinearities and a full state robust backstepping controller are presented. The dynamic model is expressed using the Newton-Euler laws, aiming to obtain a better mathematical representation of the mechanical system for system analysis and control design, not only when it is hovering, but also when it is taking-off, or landing, or flying to perform a task. The input nonlinearities are the deadzone and saturation, where the gravitational effect and the inherent physical constrains of the rotors are related and addressed. The experimental multirotor aerial vehicle is equipped with an inertial measurement unit and a sonar sensor, which appropriately provides measurements of attitude and altitude. A real-time attitude estimation scheme based on the extended Kalman filter using quaternions was developed. Then, for robustness analysis, sensors were modeled as the ideal value with addition of an unknown bias and unknown white noise. The bounded robust attitude/altitude controller were derived based on globally uniformly practically asymptotically stable for real systems, that remains globally uniformly asymptotically stable if and only if their solutions are globally uniformly bounded, dealing with convergence and stability into a ball of the state space with non-null radius, under some assumptions. The Lyapunov analysis technique was used to prove the stability of the closed-loop system, compute bounds on control gains and guaranteeing desired bounds on attitude dynamics tracking errors in the presence of measurement disturbances. The controller laws were tested in numerical simulations and in an experimental hexarotor, developed at the UFRN Robotics Laboratory

Viabilidade técnica e econômica da substituição de fontes convencionais de energia por biogás em assentamento rural do Estado de São Paulo

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade econômica da implantação de dois biodigestores com uso de dejetos animais em área do Assentamento de Trabalhadores Rurais no município de Itaberá - SP, no ano de 2005; um deles para o fornecimento de energia para os domicílios e outro para as atividades produtivas. Foram avaliados os benefícios referentes ao fornecimento de energia elétrica e térmica, a partir do biogás, para cinco domicílios da agrovila do assentamento e para as atividades produtivas, comparativamente aos custos de construção e operação para produção de biogás. Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade econômica da produção de gás em ambos os biodigestores. Foram gerados benefícios no valor de R$ 3.698,00 por ano e R$ 9.080,57 por ano, nos biodigestores para os domicílios e produção, respectivamente; bem como o equivalente a R$ 1.478,28 por ano referentes à produção de biofertilizante. O custo anual do processo é de R$ 1.218,50 em cada biodigestor. O prazo de recuperação do investimento é de 2,5 anos e 11 meses, para a produção de biogás nos domicílios e na produção, respectivamente. Os resultados podem ser utilizados para subsidiar políticas públicas direcionadas ao aproveitamento de biomassa para a produção de energia a baixos custos no segmento da agricultura familiar.

Técnica de controle adaptativo robusto aplicada a filtros ativos de potência e paralelo

The Methods for compensation of harmonic currents and voltages have been widely used since these methods allow to reduce to acceptable levels the harmonic distortion in the voltages or currents in a power system, and also compensate reactive. The reduction of harmonics and reactive contributes to the reduction of losses in transmission lines and electrical machinery, increasing the power factor, reduce the occurrence of overvoltage and overcurrent. The active power filter is the most efficient method for compensation of harmonic currents and voltages. The active power filter is necessary to use current and voltage controllers loop. Conventionally, the current and voltage control loop of active filter has been done by proportional controllers integrative. This work, investigated the use of a robust adaptive control technique on the shunt active power filter current and voltage control loop to increase robustness and improve the performance of active filter to compensate for harmonics. The proposed control scheme is based on a combination of techniques for adaptive control pole placement and variable structure. The advantages of the proposed method over conventional ones are: lower total harmonic distortion, more flexibility, adaptability and robustness to the system. Moreover, the proposed control scheme improves the performance and improves the transient of active filter. The validation of the proposed technique was verified initially by a simulation program implemented in C++ language and then experimental results were obtained using a prototype three-phase active filter of 1 kVA

Um sistema computacional para diagnosticar viroses de plantas usando a técnica de PCR com construção de primers espécie-específicos

It proposes a established computational solution in the development of a software to construct species-specific primers, used to improve the diagnosis of virus of plant for PCR. Primers are indispensable to PCR reaction, besides providing the specificity of the diagnosis. Primer is a synthetic, short, single stranded piece of DNA, used as a starter in PCR technique. It flanks the sequence desired to amplify. Species-specific primers indicate the well known region of beginning and ending where the polymerase enzyme is going to amplify on a certain species, i.e. it is specific for only a species. Thus, the main objective of this work is to automatize the process of choice of primers, optimizing the specificity of chosen primers by the traditional method

Técnica de medição de área foliarconsumida por insetos através de digitalizador de imagens

Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a viabilidade do uso de digitalizador de imagens manual, acoplado a um microcomputador, para a avaliação do consumo de folhas de soja, por lagartas de 5o instar de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lep.: Noctuidae), em comparação com o método de pesagem e do planímetro, baseando-se na eficiência dos métodos e no tempo gasto para a avaliação. Os testes foram realizados utilizando-se folhas de soja `IAC 8' e lagartas criadas em dieta artificial. Foram realizados 2 tipos de teste: 1o) oferecimento de folíolos inteiros de soja às lagartas e, 2o) oferecimento de disco de folhas de área conhecida. No 1o teste comparou-se o método de pesagem com o digitalizador de imagens (scanner); no 2o experimento foram comparados o método do planímetro com o digitalizador de imagens que emprega o programa PCXAREA. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que não existem diferenças nas medições de folíolos e discos de soja consumidos por A. gemmatalis quando comparados os métodos tradicionais (planímetro e pesagem) e o de digitalização de imagens. A medição com o digitalizador reduziu o tempo de avaliação em 88,5% e 87%, em relação ao planímetro e método de pesagem, respectivamente, sendo plenamente viável a sua utilização.

Análise de viabilidade técnica de utilização da Fibra de bananeira com resina sintética em Compósitos

This paper aims to present the feasibility of using a composite using discarded material from the cultivation of banana tree (pseudostem), which is fibrillated together with synthetic resin replacing glass fiber to be used in structural elements that do not demand large mechanical stress such as reservoirs, troughs, domes, sewage pipes etc.. For this, there were studies about the mechanical properties of a composite made with polyester resin and fiber of banana tree (Musa sp, musac), in which the splints were removed from the pseudostem, being made fibrillation by hand, with the aid of a brush steel, followed by natural drying. After treatment for cleaning and removal of wax, the fiber was cut into pieces of approximately 60 mm to 100 mm, for, together with synthetic resin, make cards of a features fiber composite with random orientation relative to the weight of the resin. We used three different percentages of fiber (3%, 6% and 9%), in order to make a comparative study between them and what would be the one with the best performance. Were manufactured specimens of each material and then subjected to uniaxial tensile tests, three point bending, moisture absorption and thermal characteristics. The results show that, in general, the use of banana tree fiber is feasible simply by an improvement in the production process (machining of the procedure) and greater care in the manufacture of parts

Estudo da viabilidade técnica do uso das argilas da região do agreste potiguar para produção de peças cerâmicas: caracterização e formulação

In recent decades, ceramic products have become indispensable to the technological development of humanity, occupying important positions in scientific production and consequently in industrial production. One area of the economy that continues to absorb large amounts of the products of this sector is Construction. Among the branches of the ceramic industry, there are the red ceramic industry which is traditionally the basis of that economic sector. Among the reasons for which the red ceramic industry became popular in the country, and specifically in Rio Grande do Norte, is the abundance of this raw material, easily found throughout the national territory. However, it appears that the red ceramic industry has deficiencies in technology and skilled labor, resulting in the production of ceramic goods with low added value. Among the factors that determine the quality of the ceramic products red has the proper formulation of the ceramic mass, the conformation and the firing temperature. Thus, the overall goal of this work is to study the mineralogical and technological properties, two clays from the region of the Wasteland Potiguar industrial ceramist. Therefore, the raw materials were characterized by analysis of Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size analysis (FA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (OM ), plasticity index (PI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The technological properties of the material were analyzed by water absorption tests (AA%) porosity (% PA), the linear shrinkage (RT%), apparent density (MEA), loss on ignition (PF%) and flexural strength three points (TRF)

Otimização do fresamento de roscas internas com a técnica de interpolação helicoidal

In machining of internal threads, dedicated tools, known as taps, are needed for each profile type, diameter, and low cutting speed values are used when compared to main machining processes. This restriction in the cutting speed is associated with the difficulty of synchronizing the tool s rotation speed and feed velocity in the process. This fact restricts the flexibility and makes machining lead times longer when manufacturing of components with threads is required. An alternative to the constraints imposed by the tap is the thread milling with helical interpolation technique. The technique is the fusion of two movements: rotation and helical interpolation. The tools may have different configurations: a single edge or multiple edges (axial, radial or both). However, thread milling with helical interpolation technique is relatively new and there are limited studies on the subject, a fact which promotes challenges to its wide application in the manufacturing shop floor. The objective of this research is determine the performance of different types of tools in the thread milling with helical interpolation technique using hardened steel workpieces. In this sense, four tool configurations were used for threading milling in AISI 4340 quenched and tempered steel (40 HRC). The results showed that climb cut promoted a greater number of machined threads, regardless of tool configuration. The upcut milling causes chippings in cutting edge, while the climb cutting promotes abrasive wear. Another important point is that increase in hole diameter by tool diameter ratio increases tool lifetime

Constribuição técnica de um sistema de emulsão inversa a base de óleos vegetais para fluidos de perfuração

The developments in formulating drilling fluids to apply in petroleum fields are based on new technologies and environmental challenges, where the technical performance of a developed drilling fluid is used to produce a minimum environmental impact, showing great economy in costs. It is well known that the potential use of oil-based drilling fluids is limited because these fluids when discharged in the sea do not disperse as much as water-based ones and may form waterproof films in the seabed, having a profound effect on plants and animals living in this environment. The current works have been made in investigating fluids called pseudofluids, which are synthetic ester-based, n-paraffin-based and other fluids formed from inverse emulsion. In this research the principal parameters involved in inverse emulsion process were studied, in laboratory scale, using esters as main component. Others commercial drilling fluids were used as comparative samples, as well as samples from laboratory and field where these drilling fluids are being applied. Concentrations of emulsifier and organophilic clay, which are viscosity donor, were varied to verify the influence of these parameters, in different oil/water ratios (55/45, 60/40, 65/35, 70/30, and 75/25). The salt concentration (NaCl) is an indicative parameter of stability and activity of an esterbased fluid. In this research the salt concentration was varied in 10,000, 20,000, and 50,000 ppm of NaCl. Some rheological properties of the produced fluids were studied, such as: initial gel, plastic viscosity, yield point, and apparent viscosity. Through the obtained rheological measures, the existence of two systems could be verified: fluid and flocculated. It could be noticed that the systems were influenced, directly, by the oil/water ratio and emulsifier, organophilic clay and NaCl concentrations. This study showed the viability to use an ester obtained from a regional vegetable product babaçu coconut oil to obtain an efficient and environmental safe drilling fluid

Análise técnica e econômica do processo de obtenção de espaguetes com adição de farinha de trigo integral e farinha de linhaça

This work studies the fabrication of spaghetti through the process at high temperatures through the use of flour added to flour and flaxseed meal, with the aim of evaluating the final product quality and estimate the cost of production. The values of moisture, ash, protein, wet gluten, gluten index, falling number and grain of flour and mixtures to test to be the possible use in mass manufacturing and technological criteria for compliance with current legislation. Spaghetti noodles type were manufactured by adding 10% and 20% flour and 10% and 20% flaxseed meal with performance of physical-chemical, sensory and rheological properties of the products. Further analysis was performed on the product acceptance and estimation of production cost in order to create subsidies to enable the introduction of products with greater acceptance and economic viability in the market by the food industry. On the rheology of the product test was cooking the pasta, specifying the volume increase, cooking time and percentage of solid waste. In the sensory evaluation was carried out the triangular test of product differentiation with 50 trained judges and acceptance testing by a hedonic scale with evaluation of the aspects color, taste, smell and texture. In defining the sensory profile of the product was performed with ADQ 9 judges recruited and trained at the factory, using unstructured scale of 9 cm, assessing the attributes of flavor of wheat, flax flavor, consistency, texture of raw pasta, raw pasta color and color of cooked pasta. The greater acceptance of product quality was good and the pasta with 20% flour, 10% followed by the full product, 10% and 20% flaxseed characterized the average quality of the criterion of loss analysis of solids, together with mass full commercial testing. In assessing the estimated cost of production, the two products more technologically feasible and acceptable (20% whole and 10% flaxseed) were evaluated in high temperature processes. With total cost of R $ 4,872.5 / 1,000 kg and R $ 5,354.9 / 1,000 kg respectively, the difference was related to the addition of lower inputs and higher added value in the market, flour and flaxseed meal. The comparative analysis of cases was confirmed the reduction in production time (10h), more uniform product to the drying process at high temperature compared to conventional

Avaliação técnica e econômica da colheita de florestas de eucalipto com harvester

The acquisition of machinery used in timber harvesting depends on high financial investment, which implies the need for assessments that allow defining more precisely, what is the machine or the whole more recommended for streamlining the operation. This study aimed to technically and economically evaluating the performance of a harvester in Eucalyptus forest harvest first cut. The technique analysis included a time and movements, productivity, efficiency operational and mechanical availability. The economic analysis included the parameters operational cost, harvesting cost and energy consumption. The results obtained from the technological-economic parameters evidenced that of Diameter at Breast Height directly influenced the productivity of harvester. Consequently the lower costs of forest harvest were obtained for the compartments with wider diameter trees.