Fluorescence Microscopy Imaging Denoising with Log-Euclidean Priors and Photobleaching Compensation

Fluorescent protein microscopy imaging is nowadays one of the most important tools in biomedical research. However, the resulting images present a low signal to noise ratio and a time intensity decay due to the photobleaching effect. This phenomenon is a consequence of the decreasing on the radiation emission efficiency of the tagging protein. This occurs because the fluorophore permanently loses its ability to fluoresce, due to photochemical reactions induced by the incident light. The Poisson multiplicative noise that corrupts these images, in addition with its quality degradation due to photobleaching, make long time biological observation processes very difficult. In this paper a denoising algorithm for Poisson data, where the photobleaching effect is explicitly taken into account, is described. The algorithm is designed in a Bayesian framework where the data fidelity term models the Poisson noise generation process as well as the exponential intensity decay caused by the photobleaching. The prior term is conceived with Gibbs priors and log-Euclidean potential functions, suitable to cope with the positivity constrained nature of the parameters to be estimated. Monte Carlo tests with synthetic data are presented to characterize the performance of the algorithm. One example with real data is included to illustrate its application.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 2 - Immature stages research at a rice irrigation system location in South-Eastern Brazil

A relation between a rice irrigation system and mosquito breeding was established in a study undertaken at the Ribeira Valley Experimental Station, from January through December 1992. Flooding favoured Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) and Culex (Melanoconion) species, while empty paddies condition were propitious to Aedes scapularis and Culex (Culex) species. Compared with a more primitive area of the same region, several species showed high a degree of adaptation to the anthropic environment. Among them, Anopheles albitarsis, a potential malaria vector that breeds in the irrigation system, has shown immature stage production thirteen times higher than at the natural breeding sites. In addition, Ae. scapularis, An. oswaldoi, Cx. bastagarius, and Cx. chidesteri presented high levels of synanthropy.

A televisão na era digital: qual o modelo mais adequado para o serviço público de televisão na plataforma internet?

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimédia.

Conceptual, methodological and ethical issues in children's research in Portugal

Methodological issues in research with children have sparked a growing interest by the Sociology of Childhood since the last decades. In Portugal, this interest is more recent, but it has had a significant increase. Considering several researches, namely master thesis, supervised by the authors on the framework of Sociology of Childhood, this proposal intends to characterize some methodological complexities in research with children in Portugal, when we consider their voice and agency in the knowledge producing about them. The goal of this paper is to contribute to the methodological discussion on research with children through the identification of a set of challenges related to: (i) the diversity of methodologies uses in children’s research, (ii) ethical concerns and (iii) the role of the researcher.

Estratégias para negociação de contratos bilaterais em mercados multi-agente de energia eléctrica

A energia eléctrica é um bem essencial para a maioria das sociedades. O seu fornecimento tem sido encarado como um serviço público, da responsabilidade dos governos, através de empresas monopolistas, públicas e privadas. O Mercado Ibérico de Electricidade (MIBEL) surge com o objectivo da integração e cooperação do sector eléctrico Português e Espanhol, no qual é possível negociar preços e volumes de energia. Actualmente, as entidades podem negociar através de um mercado bolsista ou num mercado de contratos bilaterais. Uma análise dos mercados de electricidade existentes mostra que estes estão longe de estarem liberalizados. As tarifas não reflectem o efeito da competitividade. Além disso, o recurso a contratos bilaterais limita frequentemente os clientes a um único fornecedor de energia eléctrica. Nos últimos anos, têm surgido uma série de ferramentas computacionais que permitem simular, parte ou a totalidade, dos mercados de electricidade. Contudo, apesar das suas potencialidades, muitos simuladores carecem de flexibilidade e generalidade. Nesta perspectiva, esta dissertação tem como principal objectivo o desenvolvimento de um simulador de mercados de energia eléctrica que possibilite lidar com as dificuldades inerentes a este novo modelo de mercado, recorrendo a agentes computacionais autónomos. A dissertação descreve o desenho e a implementação de um simulador simplificado para negociação de contratos bilaterais em mercados de energia, com particular incidência para o desenho das estratégias a utilizar pelas partes negociais. Além disso, efectua-se a descrição de um caso prático, com dados do MIBEL. Descrevem-se também várias simulações computacionais, envolvendo retalhistas e consumidores de energia eléctrica, que utilizam diferentes estratégias negociais. Efectua-se a análise detalhada dos resultados obtidos. De forma sucinta, os resultados permitem concluir que as melhores estratégias para cada entidade, no caso prático estudado, são: a estratégia de concessões fixas, para o retalhista, e a estratégia de concessões baseada no volume de energia, para o consumidor.

Elements of a methodology to assess the alignment of core-values in collaborative networks

Collaborative networks are typically formed by heterogeneous and autonomous entities, and thus it is natural that each member has its own set of core-values. Since these values somehow drive the behaviour of the involved entities, the ability to quickly identify partners with compatible or common core-values represents an important element for the success of collaborative networks. However, tools to assess or measure the level of alignment of core-values are lacking. Since the concept of 'alignment' in this context is still ill-defined and shows a multifaceted nature, three perspectives are discussed. The first one uses a causal maps approach in order to capture, structure, and represent the influence relationships among core-values. This representation provides the basis to measure the alignment in terms of the structural similarity and influence among value systems. The second perspective considers the compatibility and incompatibility among core-values in order to define the alignment level. Under this perspective we propose a fuzzy inference system to estimate the alignment level, since this approach allows dealing with variables that are vaguely defined, and whose inter-relationships are difficult to define. Another advantage provided by this method is the possibility to incorporate expert human judgment in the definition of the alignment level. The last perspective uses a belief Bayesian network method, and was selected in order to assess the alignment level based on members' past behaviour. An example of application is presented where the details of each method are discussed.

Epidemiological methods for research with drug misusers: review of methods for studying prevalence and morbidity

Epidemiological studies of drug misusers have until recently relied on two main forms of sampling: probability and convenience. The former has been used when the aim was simply to estimate the prevalence of the condition and the latter when in depth studies of the characteristics, profiles and behaviour of drug users were required, but each method has its limitations. Probability samples become impracticable when the prevalence of the condition is very low, less than 0.5% for example, or when the condition being studied is a clandestine activity such as illicit drug use. When stratified random samples are used, it may be difficult to obtain a truly representative sample, depending on the quality of the information used to develop the stratification strategy. The main limitation of studies using convenience samples is that the results cannot be generalised to the whole population of drug users due to selection bias and a lack of information concerning the sampling frame. New methods have been developed which aim to overcome some of these difficulties, for example, social network analysis, snowball sampling, capture-recapture techniques, privileged access interviewer method and contact tracing. All these methods have been applied to the study of drug misuse. The various methods are described and examples of their use given, drawn from both the Brazilian and international drug misuse literature.

Tools for testing the Solvency Capital Requirement for life insurance

Longevity risk is one of the major risks that an insurance company or a pension fund has to deal with and it is expected that its importance will grow in the near future. In agreement with these considerations, in Solvency II regulation the Standard formula furnished for calculating the Solvency Capital Requirement explicitly considers this kind of risk. According to the new European rules in our paper we suggest a multiperiod approach to evaluate the SCR for longevity risk. We propose a backtesting framework for measuring the consistency of SCR calculations for life insurance policies.

Avaliação do projecto - Formalização da consulta de enfermagem em pneumologia

Mestrado em Intervenção Sócio-Organizacional na Saúde - Área de especialização: Políticas de Administração e Gestão de Serviços de Saúde.

Teaching and learning mathematics using moodle

This paper summarizes a project that is contributing to a change in the way of teaching and learning Mathematics. Mathematics is a subject of the Accounting and Administration course. In this subject we teach: Functions and Algebra. The aim is that the student understand the basic concepts and is able to apply them in other issues, when possible, establishing a bridge between the issues that they have studied and their application in Accounting. As from this year, the Accounting course falls under in Bologna Process. The teacher and the student roles have changed. The time for theoretical and practical classes has been reduced, so it was necessary to modify the way of teaching and learning. In the theoretical classes we use systems of multimedia projection to present the concepts, and in the practical classes we solve exercises. We also use the Excel and the mathematical open source software wxMaxima. To supplement our theoretical and practical classes we have developed a project called MatActiva based on the Moodle platform offered by PAOL - Projecto de Apoio Online (Online Support Project). With the creation of this new project we wanted to take advantage already obtained results with the previous experiences, giving to the students opportunities to complement their study in Mathematics. One of the great objectives is to motivate students, encourage them to overcome theirs difficulties through an auto-study giving them more confidence. In the MatActiva project the students have a big collection of information about the way of the subject works, which includes the objectives, the program, recommended bibliography, evaluation method and summaries. It works as material support for the practical and theoretical classes, the slides of the theoretical classes are available, the sheets with exercises for the students to do in the classroom and complementary exercises, as well as the exams of previous years. Students can also do diagnostic tests and evaluation tests online. Our approach is a reflexive one, based on the professional experience of the teachers that explore and incorporate new tools of Moodle with their students and coordinate the project MatActiva.

Desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta colaborativa na área da gestão da informação/conhecimento para aplicação numa unidade de cuidados na comunidade

O presente projeto surgiu da necessidade de um instrumento de trabalho na área da gestão da informação / conhecimento a aplicar na Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade dos Carvalhos (UCCC) que, pela sua estrutura de trabalho por projeto, abrange diversos grupos de utilizadores com perfis e necessidades específicas. Rapidamente assumiu maior dimensão, pois ao seu ponto de partida se conjugaram as oportunidades de utilização das tecnologias de informação na área da saúde, a divulgação da Unidade assim como a divulgação de informação sobre saúde e a interação com os utilizadores. O processo implicou a aplicação das metodologias de Investigação Ação e de Gestão de Projetos, resultando na criação e publicação de um espaço Web. Com o Content Management System (CMS) Joomla foi construído o Site UCC Carvalhos, que faculta simultaneamente informação sobre saúde, oportunidade de aconselhamento especializado e personalizado e permite a organização da documentação interna da Unidade referida. Nesta fase de início de vida do site estabeleceu-se como temáticas prioritárias a desenvolver a informação sobre a UCCC e o seu funcionamento assim como o projeto “Companhia das Barriguinhas”, mais concretamente a Preparação para o Parto e Parentalidade. O desenvolvimento deste projeto superou as expectativas de todos os elementos envolvidos, pois para além de permitir obter resposta às necessidades identificadas, permitiu também experimentar as metodologias referidas de forma integrada e aprofundar temáticas como a gestão da informação e conhecimento, o papel das tecnologias de informação e comunicação na Saúde e o papel do cidadão na utilização das mesmas no sentido de uma autonomia responsável na gestão da sua Saúde.

O Planeamento estratégico nos hospitais portugueses num contexto de austeridade: o caso particular dos Hospitais E.P.E.

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientador: Professor Doutor José Freitas Santos

Convex Total Variation Denoising of Poisson Fluorescence Confocal Images With Anisotropic Filtering

Fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) is now one of the most important tools in biomedicine research. In fact, it makes it possible to accurately study the dynamic processes occurring inside the cell and its nucleus by following the motion of fluorescent molecules over time. Due to the small amount of acquired radiation and the huge optical and electronics amplification, the FCM images are usually corrupted by a severe type of Poisson noise. This noise may be even more damaging when very low intensity incident radiation is used to avoid phototoxicity. In this paper, a Bayesian algorithm is proposed to remove the Poisson intensity dependent noise corrupting the FCM image sequences. The observations are organized in a 3-D tensor where each plane is one of the images acquired along the time of a cell nucleus using the fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) technique. The method removes simultaneously the noise by considering different spatial and temporal correlations. This is accomplished by using an anisotropic 3-D filter that may be separately tuned in space and in time dimensions. Tests using synthetic and real data are described and presented to illustrate the application of the algorithm. A comparison with several state-of-the-art algorithms is also presented.

Fatores influenciadores da gestão da qualidade e independência do auditor: um estudo de caso

Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Auditoria Orientada por: Doutora Alcina Dias