Adversidade psicossocial, recursos de resiliência e qualidade de vida na adolescência: um estudo comparativo entre adolescentes portugueses e imigrantes

Tese de doutoramento, Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

A Palavra e a Imagem

Num quadro teórico-crítico, influenciado por teorias contemporâneas de classe, género e etnia, vamos considerar os confrontos entre culturas, materializados em diversas práticas discursivas e visuais, que estudaremos transdisciplinarmente, numa perspectiva formal e como documentos. São exemplos das referidas práticas, por um lado, a escrita jornalística, que as novas tecnologias estão a desenvolver exponencialmente, a ensaística, o conto, o relato de viagem e biográfico, o romance, o poema, o drama e, por outro lado, as múltiplas imagens em suporte digital, o design, a fotografia, o vídeo, o cinema, a arquitectura, a gravura. Os ensaios publicados avaliam os estudos da palavra, ou da imagem visual, ou das formas diferentes como elas interagem, em relação a temas cronologicamente localizados entre o século XVIII e o século XXI.

Do Girls and Boys Perceive Themselves as Equally Engaged in School? The Results of an International Study from 12 Countries

This study examined gender differences in student engagement and academic performance in school. Participants included 3420 students (7th, 8th, and 9th graders) from Austria, Canada, China, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Romania, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The results indicated that, compared to boys, girls reported higher levels of engagement in school andwere rated higher by their teachers in academic performance. Student engagement accounted for gender differences in academic performance, but gender did not moderate the associations among student engagement, academic performance, or contextual supports. Analysis of multiple-group structural equation modeling revealed that perceptions of teacher support and parent support, but not peer support, were related indirectly to academic performance through student engagement. This partial mediation model was invariant across gender. The findings from this study enhance the understanding about the contextual and personal factors associated with girls' and boys' academic performance around the world.

O lago de todos os recursos : [homenagem a Hélio Osvaldo Alves]

O presente volume de estudos em homenagem ao Professor Hélio Osvaldo Alves é composto por duas partes. A primeira, com o título de ‘Testemunhos’, reúne as palavras com que amigos, colegas e discípulos recordaram a pessoa de Hélio Alves. A segunda parte, ‘Comunicações’, inclui os textos de carácter científico apresentados e debatidos no colóquio, realizado em Novembro de 2003. ‘O lago de todos os recursos’ é uma expressão que o Professor Hélio tomou de empréstimo a E. P. Thompson, e adaptou, para baptizar um dos seus estudos sobre a ideia de Cultura. Escolhemos esse título para o colóquio que deu origem a este volume por ele sugerir as infinitas possibilidades de estudo e análise que se contêm na palavra Cultura, bem como a diversidade de escolhas e aproximações que os estudos de Cultura proporcionam.

Cultural universality and specificity of student engagement in school: The results of an international study from 12 countries

The Hong Kong subproject was supported by the Quality Education Fund of the Education Bureau in Hong Kong, whereas the Portuguese subproject was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and by the Institute of Education of the University of Lisbon. The data of this paper were part of the data collected in a multinational project initiated by the International School Psychology Association.

Luiz Pacheco : maldição e consagração no meio literário português

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Sociologia e Economia Histórica

O lugar das práticas poéticas no ensino da língua materna e da língua estrangeira

No trabalho que se apresenta, relata-se e reflete-se sobre as etapas desenvolvidas ao longo da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, realizada na Escola Básica 2, 3 com Secundário de Santo António, no ano letivo 2012/13. O trabalho enquanto professora estagiária permitiu a operacionalização de uma metodologia fundada no Modelo Didático de Género, desenvolvido por Bernard Schneuwly e Joaquim Dolz, associada ao trabalho com uma classe de textos assumida como práticas poéticas da linguagem.

Pensar o espaço. O território e seu movimento

Pensar o espaço implica perceber as características e as problemáticas que surgem quando se fala dele. Implica estudar que definições e conceções lhe foram dadas para ter uma base solida de reflexão. Desde modo, é necessário rever as conceções políticas, etológicas, geográficas e sociológicas do espaço para entender o tipo de territórios que elas sugerem. É necessário também perceber como um território é percecionado e se deixa percecionar pelo um agente constituindo o espaço vivido desse agente. O território nasce pelas relações e ações que os vários agentes têm enquanto as determina. Essas ações e relações estão ligadas ao corpo da terra e as técnicas presentes num determinado território no qual um agente se insere, em função do capital cultural e económico desse agente. Existe um espaço social (Bourdieu, 1979) e um imaginário espacial que determina e é determinado por um ambiente territorial. É esse imaginário e esse ambiente que determina as ações, os desejos e as criações dos agentes e que atualizam o agente. É desta forma que se tem de falar do devir, de um constante “tornarse” tanto para o agente que para o território. Não se pode pensar o território humano sem as interações que os agentes têm entre eles é com o território. Interações que são, como veremos, ligadas a perceção (imaginário) do espaço em função do tipo de espaço. Desde modo, não se pode separar o imaginário do espaço real tal como não se pode separar as interações entre os homens das interações com as técnicas. Este todo, com a noção do constante “tornar-se”, é o território, já é o território. O que nos leva a falar do movimento do território que não para de tornar-se, de mudar, que não para de se desterritorializar e de se reterritorializar. O território é assim inseparável de um agente tal como é inseparável da desterritorialização. Ao aprofundar essa noção de G. Deleuze e F. Guatarri, poderemos pensar no território como um agenciamento ou uma multiterritorialiadade tanto de forma micro como macro-política. No entanto, antes dessa afirmação, será necessário entender como se pode concetualizar o espaço, que características e intensidades um certo espaço reflete. Para tal, veremos a distinção e a relação entre o espaço do sedentário dito estriado, e o espaço do nómada dito liso (Deleuze, Guatarri, 1980). Dois espaço que fluem e se alimentam um no outro em função das suas características e dos agentes que se inserem neles. Contudo, pensar o espaço é o contrário de o fechar numa nova definição, mas é entender que movimento ele sugere e como esse movimento pode responder a compreensão do homem e da sociedade. Como é que hoje, o ambiente ou o agenciamento territorial pode ser considerado como móbil, ou seja, como surge uma multiterritorialidade e como passar de um território a outro pelo movimento de territorialização. Desde modo, é preciso pensar no espaço como algo de aberto, de móbil.

Substance use and depression. Comparative course in adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between depression and substance use in adolescents and the concomitant courses of both disorders. METHODS: Four individual interviews were administered to 85 adolescent substance users aged 14-19 years (mean 17.1 years, SD 1.4) over a 3.5 year period using the Adolescent Drug Abuse Interview (ADAD) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13). RESULTS: No predictive effect was observed on one dimension over the other, but each dimension was predictive of its own course. A decrease in substance-use severity paralleled a decrease in depressive state. Similarly, stable substance-use rates, either at a low or a high level, tended to be associated with low or high levels of depression, respectively. However, an increase in substance use was not accompanied by an increase in depressive states. Moreover, depression varied greatly between adolescents, and according to gender and age. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive states and substance use in adolescents can vary considerably overtime, and are closely but rather synchronically related. Since most of the adolescents do not seek help for substance-related problems, substance use should be systematically assessed in adolescents presenting with a depressive state.

Dictyostelium discoideum as an expression host for the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum.

We have used the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd), to express the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CS), a potential component of a subunit vaccine against malaria. This was accomplished via an expression vector based on the discoidin I-encoding gene promoter, in which we linked a sequence coding for a Dd leader peptide to the almost complete CS coding region (pEDII-CS). CS production at both the mRNA and protein levels is induced by starving cells in a simple phosphate buffer. Variation in pH or cell density does not seem to influence CS synthesis. CS-producing cells can be grown either on their normal substrate, bacteria, or on a semi-synthetic media, without affecting CS accumulation level. The CS produced in Dd seems similar to the natural parasite protein as judged by its size and epitope recognition by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. We constructed a second expression vector in which the CS is under the control of a Dd ras promoter. CS accumulation can then be induced by external addition of cAMP. Such a tightly regulated promoter may allow expression of proteins potentially toxic to the cell. Thus, Dd could be a useful eukaryotic system to produce recombinant proteins, in particular from human or animal parasites like P. falciparum.

Qualités psychométriques de la version française de la TAS-20 et prévalence de l'alexithymie chez 264 adolescents tout-venant [The 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale: structural validity, internal consistency and prevalence of alexithymia in a Swiss adolescent sample]

L'objectif de cette étude est d'examiner la structure factorielle et la consistance interne de la TAS-20 sur un échantillon d'adolescents (n = 264), ainsi que de décrire la distribution des caractéristiques alexithymiques dans cet échantillon. La structure à trois facteurs de la TAS-20 a été confirmée par notre analyse factorielle confirmatoire. La consistance interne, mesurée à l'aide d'alpha de Cronbach, est acceptable pour le premier facteur (difficulté à identifier les sentiments (DIF)), bonne pour le second (difficulté à verbaliser les sentiments (DDF)), mais en revanche, faible pour le troisième facteur (pensées orientées vers l'extérieur (EOT)). Les résultats d'une Anova mettent en évidence une tendance linéaire indiquant que plus l'âge augmente plus le niveau d'alexithymie (score total TAS-20), la difficulté à identifier les sentiments et les pensées orientées vers l'extérieur diminuent. En ce qui concerne la prévalence de l'alexithymie, on remarque en effet que 38,5 % des adolescents de moins de 16 ans sont considérés comme alexithymiques, contre 30,1 % des 16-17 ans et 22 % des plus de 17 ans. Notre étude indique donc que la TAS-20 est un instrument adéquat pour évaluer l'alexithymie à l'adolescence, tout en suggérant quelques précautions étant donné l'aspect développemental de cette période.

Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study.

We sought to provide a contemporary picture of the presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis (IE) in a large patient cohort from multiple locations worldwide. Prospective cohort study of 2781 adults with definite IE who were admitted to 58 hospitals in 25 countries from June 1, 2000, through September 1, 2005. The median age of the cohort was 57.9 (interquartile range, 43.2-71.8) years, and 72.1% had native valve IE. Most patients (77.0%) presented early in the disease (<30 days) with few of the classic clinical hallmarks of IE. Recent health care exposure was found in one-quarter of patients. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen (31.2%). The mitral (41.1%) and aortic (37.6%) valves were infected most commonly. The following complications were common: stroke (16.9%), embolization other than stroke (22.6%), heart failure (32.3%), and intracardiac abscess (14.4%). Surgical therapy was common (48.2%), and in-hospital mortality remained high (17.7%). Prosthetic valve involvement (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.90), increasing age (1.30; 1.17-1.46 per 10-year interval), pulmonary edema (1.79; 1.39-2.30), S aureus infection (1.54; 1.14-2.08), coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection (1.50; 1.07-2.10), mitral valve vegetation (1.34; 1.06-1.68), and paravalvular complications (2.25; 1.64-3.09) were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death, whereas viridans streptococcal infection (0.52; 0.33-0.81) and surgery (0.61; 0.44-0.83) were associated with a decreased risk. In the early 21st century, IE is more often an acute disease, characterized by a high rate of S aureus infection. Mortality remains relatively high.

Purification and characterization of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase from toad kidney

This report describes the partial purification and the characteristics of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) from an amphibian source. Toad kidney microsomes were solubilized with sodium deoxycholate and further purified by sodium dodecyl sulphate treatment and sucrose gradient centrifugation, according to the methods described by Lane et al. [(1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 7197--7200], Jørgensen [(1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 356, 36--52] and Hayashi et al. [(1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 482, 185--196]. (Na+ + K+)-ATPase preparations with specific activities up to 1000 mumol Pi/mg protein per h were obtained. Mg2+-ATPase only accounted for about 2% of the total ATPase activity. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed three major protein bands with molecular weights of 116 000, 62 000 and 26 000. The 116 000 dalton protein was phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence of sodium but not in the presence of potassium. The 62 000 dalton component stained for glycoproteins. The Km for ATP was 0.40 mM, for Na+ 12.29 mM and for K+ 1.14 mM. The Ki for ouabain was 35 micron. Temperature activation curves showed two activity peaks at 37 degrees C and at 50 degrees C. The break in the Arrhenius plot of activity versus temperature appeared at 15 degrees C.

Appropriateness of respiratory care: evidence-based guidelines.

PRINCIPLES: Respiratory care is universally recognised as useful, but its indications and practice vary markedly. In order to improve the appropriateness of respiratory care in our hospital, we developed evidence-based local guidelines in a collaborative effort involving physiotherapists, physicians and health service researchers. METHODS: Recommendations were developed using the standardised RAND appropriateness method. A literature search was conducted based on terms associated with guidelines and with respiratory care. A working group prepared proposals for recommendations which were then independently rated by a multidisciplinary expert panel. All recommendations were then discussed in common and indications for procedures were rated confidentially a second time by the experts. The recommendations were then formulated on the basis of the level of evidence in the literature and on the consensus among these experts. RESULTS: Recommendations were formulated for the following procedures: non-invasive ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, intermittent positive pressure breathing, intrapulmonary percussive ventilation, mechanical insufflation-exsufflation, incentive spirometry, positive expiratory pressure, nasotracheal suctioning and non-instrumental airway clearance techniques. Each recommendation referred to a particular medical condition and was assigned to a hierarchical category based on the quality of the evidence from the literature supporting the recommendation and on the consensus among the experts. CONCLUSION: Despite a marked heterogeneity of scientific evidence, the method used allowed us to develop commonly agreed local guidelines for respiratory care. In addition, this work fostered a closer relationship between physiotherapists and physicians in our institution.