Risk Aversion in a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Approach to Support Decision-Making for a Hydro Power Producer

In this paper, a mixed-integer nonlinear approach is proposed to support decision-making for a hydro power producer, considering a head-dependent hydro chain. The aim is to maximize the profit of the hydro power producer from selling energy into the electric market. As a new contribution to earlier studies, a risk aversion criterion is taken into account, as well as head-dependency. The volatility of the expected profit is limited through the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). The proposed approach has been applied successfully to solve a case study based on one of the main Portuguese cascaded hydro systems.

Stability Condition Based Sliding Mode Modulators for Multilevel Power Converters

Sliding mode controllers for power converters usually employ hysteresis comparators to directly generate the power semiconductors switching states. This paper presents a new sliding mode modulator based on the direct implementation of the sliding mode stability condition, which for multilevel power converters shows advantages, as branch equalized switching frequencies and less distortion on the ac currents when operating near the rated converter power. The new sliding mode multilevel modulator is used to control a three-phase multilevel converter, operated as a reactive power compensator (STATCOM), implementing the stability condition in a digital signal processing system. The performance of this new sliding mode modulator is compared with a multilevel modulator based on hysteresis comparators. Simulation and experimental results are presented in order to highlight the system operation and control robustness.

Modeling, control and simulation of full-power converter wind turbines equipped with permanent magnet synchronous generator

In this paper, two wind turbines equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and respectively with a two-level or a multilevel converter are simulated in order to access the malfunction transient performance. Three different drive train mass models, respectively, one, two and three mass models, are considered in order to model the bending flexibility of the blades. Moreover, a fractional-order control strategy is studied comparatively to a classical integer-order control strategy. Computer simulations are carried out, and conclusions about the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the electric current injected into the electric grid are in favor of the fractional-order control strategy.

Power converter topologies for wind energy conversion systems: Integrated modeling, control strategy and performance simulation

This paper presents new integrated model for variable-speed wind energy conversion systems, considering a more accurate dynamic of the wind turbine, rotor, generator, power converter and filter. Pulse width modulation by space vector modulation associated with sliding mode is used for controlling the power converters. Also, power factor control is introduced at the output of the power converters. Comprehensive performance simulation studies are carried out with matrix, two-level and multilevel power converter topologies in order to adequately assert the system performance. Conclusions are duly drawn.

Repetitive Solid State Pulse Modulator Based on a DC Voltage Multiplier

A newly developed solid-state repetitive high-voltage (HV) pulse modulator topology created from the mature concept of the d.c. voltage multiplier (VM) is described. The proposed circuit is based in a voltage multiplier type circuit, where a number of d.c. capacitors share a common connection with different voltage rating in each one. Hence, besides the standard VM rectifier and coupling diodes, two solid-state on/off switches are used, in each stage, to switch from the typical charging VM mode to a pulse mode with the d.c. capacitors connected in series with the load. Due to the on/off semiconductor configuration, in half-bridge structures, the maximum voltage blocked by each one is the d.c. capacitor voltage in each stage. A 2 kV prototype is described and the results are compared with PSPICE simulations.

A Pitch Control Malfunction Analysis for Wind Turbines with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator and Full-power Converters: Proportional Integral Versus Fractional-order Controllers

A transient analysis for two full-power converter wind turbines equipped with a permanent magnet synchronous generator is studied in this article, taking into consideration, as a new contribution to earlier studies, a pitch control malfunction. The two full-power converters considered are, respectively, a two-level and a multi-level converter. Moreover, a novel control strategy based on fractional-order controllers for wind turbines is studied. Simulation results are presented; conclusions are in favor of the novel control strategy, improving the quality of the energy injected into the electric grid.

Modelização de um mecanismo de levitação supercondutor para um sistema de volante de inércia comercial

Este trabalho teve como objectivo o estudo de um sistema de levitação magnética com chumaceiras supercondutoras, para utilização numa fonte de alimentação de energia eléctrica ininterrupta, que usa um volante de inércia como sistema de armazenamento de energia. Partindo de um modelo comercial existente, foi modelizada a substituição do sistema de levitação por um sistema com chumaceiras supercondutoras. Foi feito o dimensionamento do magnete permanente e do supercondutor de forma a atingir-se a força de levitação magnética necessária para elevar o rotor da máquina, garantindo simultaneamente a máxima estabilidade do sistema. Os perfis de distribuição do campo magnético no volante de inércia foram modelizados recorrendo ao método dos elementos finitos, através da utilização do software Ansys. O cálculo da força de levitação foi efectuado recorrendo ao software MATHEMATICA.

Projecto de um conversor redutor CC-CC comutado para SoC

A evolução da tecnologia CMOS tem possibilitado uma maior densidade de integração de circuitos tornando possível o aumento da complexidade dos sistemas. No entanto, a integração de circuitos de gestão de potência continua ainda em estudo devido à dificuldade de integrar todos os componentes. Esta solução apresenta elevadas vantagens, especialmente em aplicações electrónicas portáteis alimentadas a baterias, onde a autonomia é das principais características. No âmbito dos conversores redutores existem várias topologias de circuitos que são estudadas na área de integração. Na categoria dos conversores lineares utiliza-se o LDO (Low Dropout Regulator), apresentando no entanto baixa eficiência para relações de conversão elevadas. Os conversores comutados são elaborados através do recurso a circuitos de comutação abrupta, em que a eficiência deste tipo de conversores não depende do rácio de transformação entre a tensão de entrada e a de saída. A diminuição física dos processos CMOS tem como consequência a redução da tensão máxima que os transístores suportam, impondo o estudo de soluções tolerantes a “altatensão”, com o intuito de manter compatibilidade com tensões superiores que existam na placa onde o circuito é incluído. Os sistemas de gestão de energia são os primeiros a acompanhar esta evolução, tendo de estar aptos a fornecer a tensão que os restantes circuitos requerem. Neste trabalho é abordada uma metodologia de projecto para conversores redutores CCCC comutados em tecnologia CMOS, tendo-se maximizado a frequência com vista à integração dos componentes de filtragem em circuito integrado. A metodologia incide sobre a optimização das perdas totais inerentes à comutação e condução, dos transístores de potência e respectivos circuitos auxiliares. É apresentada uma nova metodologia para o desenvolvimento de conversores tolerantes a “alta-tensão”.

An artificial neural network approach for short-term wind power forecasting in Portugal

This paper presents an artificial neural network approach for short-term wind power forecasting in Portugal. The increased integration of wind power into the electric grid, as nowadays occurs in Portugal, poses new challenges due to its intermittency and volatility. Hence, good forecasting tools play a key role in tackling these challenges. The accuracy of the wind power forecasting attained with the proposed approach is evaluated against persistence and ARIMA approaches, reporting the numerical results from a real-world case study.

Fractional-order control and simulation of wind energy systems with PMSG/full-power converter topology

This paper presents a new integrated model for the simulation of wind energy systems. The proposed model is more realistic and accurate, considering a variable-speed wind turbine, two-mass rotor, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), different power converter topologies, and filters. Additionally, a new control strategy is proposed for the variable-speed operation of wind turbines with PMSG/full-power converter topology, based on fractional-order controllers. Comprehensive simulation studies are carried out with matrix and multilevel power converter topologies, in order to adequately assert the system performance in what regards the quality of the energy injected into the electric grid. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn.

Power Electronics Didactic Modules for Direct Current Machine Control

Several didactic modules for an electric machinery laboratory are presented. The modules are dedicated for DC machinery control and get their characteristic curves. The didactic modules have a front panel with power and signal connectors and can be configurable for any DC motor type. The three-phase bridge inverter proposed is one of the most popular topologies and is commercially available in power package modules. The control techniques and power drives were designed to satisfy static and dynamic performance of DC machines. Each power section is internally self-protected against misconnections and short-circuits. Isolated output signals of current and voltage measurements are also provided, adding versatility for use either in didactic or research applications. The implementation of such modules allowed experimental confirmation of the expected performance.

A comparative study of alternative approaches for common factors identification

Preliminary version

Deformação miocárdica em atletas de diferentes modalidades – Um estudo por 2D Speckle Tracking: projecto de investigação

Mestrado em Tecnologia de Diagnóstico e Intervenção Cardiovascular. Área de Especialização: Ultrassonografia Cardiovascular

Deformação miocárdica analisada por Speckle Tracking, em doentes hipertensos com fracção de ejecção preservada

Mestrado em Tecnologia de Diagnóstico e Intervenção Cardiovascular - Área de especialização: Ultrassonografia Cardiovascular.

Folk culture and political power: practices and representations of moliceiro culture in Portugal, cultural sociology

This article analyses the painted panels of the moliceiro boat, a traditional working boat of the Ria de Aveiro region of Portugal. The article examines how the painted panels have been invented and reinvented over time. The boat and its panels are contextualized both within the changing socio-economic conditions of the Ria de Aveiro region, and the changing socio-political conditions of Portugal throughout the 20th century and until the present day. The article historically analyses the social significance of ‘moliceiro culture’, examining in particular the power relations it expresses and its ambiguous past and present relationships with the political and the economic powers of the Portuguese state. The article unpacks some of the complexity of the relations that have pertained between public and private, local and national, folk culture and ‘art’, and popular and institutional in the Ria de Aveiro region in particular, and Portugal more generally.