电离层胶片频高图数字化转换与分析研究

The ionogram acquired with the ionospheric vertical sounding method is the oldest data in the history of ionospheric research. Using of modern microelectronics and computer technology to digitalize, analyse and preserve the huge amount of historical film ionogram has become more and more important and urgent. This paper introduced the progress of the film ionogram digitalization by using digital image processing technologies to correct and repair film ionogram and convert them in an exchangeable format. An analysis and conversion software, basing on this method, has been developed for the film ionogram analysis, and then it introduces the application of this software by combining the SAO Explorer program for Wuhan film ionogram and pseudo-color ionogram in Yamagawa in Japan. It shows that our method is reliable，and the developed software is used friendly and provides a positive solution in digitalization and analysis of huge amount of historical film ionogram. Firstly, we briefly introduce the film ionogram and the process of its digitalization. By observing a amount of film ionogram, we obtain some common characteristics of the digitalized film ionogram following as: (1) the image rotation are caused by scanning; (2) the vertical axis of a large number of film ionogram exist more or less tilt and bending ; (3) coordinates of the film ionogram appear the non-uniformity phenomena result from the instability of driving motor rotation and the error of altitudinal cursor orientation. Moreover, based on the characteristics of the film ionogram and the SAO Explorer software which is widely used for the digital ionogram analysis in the world, a new method has been developed for film ionogram procession. The method contains the image geometric correction and film ionogram format conversion. The image geometric correction includes such as image rotation correction, vertical correction and coordinates scale correction. After geometric correction, the BMP file format images will be converted to the SBF file format images. Then, we also discuss the data format converting methods, which include two methods of the image data mapping basing on the normalization and logarithm, and the method of the preprocessing of the noise filtering and the threshold setting. Combining with SAO Explorer software, we successfully obtain ionospheric parameters and electron profile from the converted SBF file format digital ionograms. Based on the above method, we developed the software for the film ionogram to realize its correction analysis and conversion of the image format, and then give a introduction for its function and operation. Subsequently, the software are applied into the Wuhan film ionogram which separately observed in the high solar activity year and the low in 1980s last century. The results reveal the converted SBF digital ionogram almost preserve the all echo information of the film ionogram. Furthermore, we expressly discuss the application to the Wuhan film ionogram in 1958 in order to validate the applicability and credibility of the software. And it is showed that the important information of the film ionogram are maintained into the SBF digital ionogram. It is represented that there is credibility for conversion of the software when it applied in the older film ionogram. In sum, this software could apply to the digitalization and analysis of huge amount of historical film ionogram. Last, we extended the function of the software by bring some new conversion method and used it to apply to the pseudo-color ionogram of yamagawa in Japan. The results show that the converted ionogram information basically maintain the importantly ionogram information and the error of scaling of converted SBF file format image is almost acceptable, though there is no preprocessing for the original ionogram. Hence, we could extend the applicable range of the software and apply it to all kinds of simulative ionogram imaging by improving the method and software.

用宽频带远震体波波形研究中国及邻近地区地壳构造及地质意义初探

The theory and approach of the broadband teleseismic body waveform inversion are expatiated in this paper, and the defining the crust structure's methods are developed. Based on the teleseismic P-wave data, the theoretic image of the P-wave radical component is calculated via the convolution of the teleseismic P-wave vertical component and the transform function, and thereby a P-wavefrom inversion method is built. The applied results show the approach effective, stable and its resolution high. The exact and reliable teleseismic P waveforms recorded by CDSN and IRIS and its geodynamics are utilized to obtain China and its vicinage lithospheric transfer functions, this region ithospheric structure is inverted through the inversion of reliable transfer functions, the new knowledge about the deep structure of China and its vicinage is obtained, and the reliable seismological evidence is provided to reveal the geodynamic evolution processes and set up the continental collisional theory. The major studies are as follows: Two important methods to study crustal and upper mantle structure -- body wave travel-time inversion and waveform modeling are reviewed systematically. Based on ray theory, travel-time inversion is characterized by simplicity, crustal and upper mantle velocity model can be obtained by using 1-D travel-time inversion preliminary, which introduces the reference model for studying focal location, focal mechanism, and fine structure of crustal and upper mantle. The large-scale lateral inhomogeneity of crustal and upper mantle can be obtained by three-dimensional t ravel-time seismic tomography. Based on elastic dynamics, through the fitting between theoretical seismogram and observed seismogram, waveform modeling can interpret the detail waveform and further uncover one-dimensional fine structure and lateral variation of crustal and upper mantle, especially the media characteristics of singular zones of ray. Whatever travel-time inversion and waveform modeling is supposed under certain approximate conditions, with respective advantages and disadvantages, and provide convincing structure information for elucidating physical and chemical features and geodynamic processes of crustal and upper mantle. Because the direct wave, surface wave, and refraction wave have lower resolution in investigating seismic velocity transitional zone, which is inadequate to study seismic discontinuities. On the contrary, both the converse and reflected wave, which sample the discontinuities directly, must be carefully picked up from seismogram to constrain the velocity transitional zones. Not only can the converse wave and reflected wave study the crustal structure, but also investigate the upper mantle discontinuities. There are a number of global and regional seismic discontinuities in the crustal and upper mantle, which plays a significant role in understanding physical and chemical properties and geodynamic processes of crustal and upper mantle. The broadband teleseismic P waveform inversion is studied particularly. The teleseismic P waveforms contain a lot of information related to source time function, near-source structure, propagation effect through the mantle, receiver structure, and instrument response, receiver function is isolated form teleseismic P waveform through the vector rotation of horizontal components into ray direction and the deconvolution of vertical component from the radial and tangential components of ground motion, the resulting time series is dominated by local receiver structure effect, and is hardly irrelevant to source and deep mantle effects. Receiver function is horizontal response, which eliminate multiple P wave reflection and retain direct wave and P-S converted waves, and is sensitive to the vertical variation of S wave velocity. Velocity structure beneath a seismic station has different response to radial and vertical component of an accident teleseismic P wave. To avoid the limits caused by a simplified assumption on the vertical response, the receiver function method is mended. In the frequency domain, the transfer function is showed by the ratio of radical response and vertical response of the media to P wave. In the time domain, the radial synthetic waveform can be obtained by the convolution of the transfer function with the vertical wave. In order to overcome the numerical instability, generalized reflection and transmission coefficient matrix method is applied to calculate the synthetic waveform so that all multi-reflection and phase conversion response can be included. A new inversion method, VFSA-LM method, is used in this study, which successfully combines very fast simulated annealing method (VFSA) with damped least square inversion method (LM). Synthetic waveform inversion test confirms its effectiveness and efficiency. Broadband teleseismic P waveform inversion is applied in lithospheric velocity study of China and its vicinage. According to the data of high quality CDSN and IRIS, we obtained an outline map showing the distribution of Asian continental crustal thickness. Based on these results gained, the features of distribution of the crustal thickness and outline of crustal structure under the Asian continent have been analyzed and studied. Finally, this paper advances the principal characteristics of the Asian continental crust. There exist four vast areas of relatively minor variations in the crustal thickness, namely, northern, eastern southern and central areas of Asian crust. As a byproduct, the earthquake location is discussed, Which is a basic issue in seismology. Because of the strong trade-off between the assumed initial time and focal depth and the nonlinear of the inversion problems, this issue is not settled at all. Aimed at the problem, a new earthquake location method named SAMS method is presented, In which, the objective function is the absolute value of the remnants of travel times together with the arrival times and use the Fast Simulated Annealing method is used to inverse. Applied in the Chi-Chi event relocation of Taiwan occurred on Sep 21, 2000, the results show that the SAMS method not only can reduce the effects of the trade-off between the initial time and focal depth, but can get better stability and resolving power. At the end of the paper, the inverse Q filtering method for compensating attenuation and frequency dispersion used in the seismic section of depth domain is discussed. According to the forward and inverse results of synthesized seismic records, our Q filtrating operator of the depth domain is consistent with the seismic laws in the absorbing media, which not only considers the effect of the media absorbing of the waves, but also fits the deformation laws, namely the frequency dispersion of the body wave. Two post stacked profiles about 60KM, a neritic area of China processed, the result shows that after the forward Q filtering of the depth domain, the wide of the wavelet of the middle and deep layers is compressed, the resolution and signal noise ratio are enhanced, and the primary sharp and energy distribution of the profile are retained.

Effect of pore ring number of zeolites on catalytic performance of Mo/Zeolite in methane aromatization under non-oxygen condition

The catalytic behavior of Mo-based zeolite catalysts with different pore structure and size, particularly with 8 membered ring ( M R), 10 M R, coexisted 10 and 12 M R, and 12 M R, was studied in methane aromatization under the conditions of SV=1500 ml/(g.h), p=0.1 MPa and T = 973 K. It was found that the catalytic performance is correlated with the pore structure of the zeolite supports. The zeolites that possess 10 MR or 10 and 12 MR pore structure with a pore diameter equal to or slightly larger than the dynamic diameter of benzene molecule, such as ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZRP-1 and MCM-22, are fine supports. Among the tested zeolite supports, MCM-22 exhibits the highest activity and selectivity for benzene. A methane conversion of 10.5% with benzene selectivity of 80% was achieved over Mo/MCM-22 catalyst. The Mo/ERS-7 catalyst with 8 MR (0.45 nm) does not show any activity in methane dehydro-aromatization, while Mo/JQX-1 and Mo/SBA-15 catalysts with 12 MR pore exhibit little activity in the reaction. It can be concluded that the zeolites with 10 MR pore or coexisted 10 and 12 MR, having pore size equal to or slightly larger than the dynamic diameter of benzene molecule, are fine supports for methane activation and aromatization.

Experimental investigation of an unstable ring resonator with 90-deg beam rotation for a chemical oxygen iodine laser

We report the experimental results of an unstable ring resonator with 90-deg beam rotation for a kilowatt class chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). The distributions of near-field phase and far-field intensity were measured. A beam quality of 1.6 was achieved when the COIL average output power was approximately 5 kW. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America.

心理旋转中的整体优先效应及其机制

In the history of psychology research, more attention had been focused on the relation between local processing and global processing. For the global information and the local information, which is processed earlier? And which is processed faster? Precedence of the global over the local level in visual perception has been well established by Navon with compound stimuli, and Navon’s original study gave rise to many publications, including replications, generalization to other kinds of stimuli (nonverbal material, digits), populations (infants, children, brain-damaged subjects), and tasks (lateral visual hemifield presentation, copy drawing, memory recognition, and recall), and triggered some debate about the conditions in which global precedence is and is not observed (number, size, sparsity, and goodness of the stimuli, exposure duration, etc.). However, whether there is a global advantage or precedence in other cognitive processes was less tested. Most researches had suggested that there was a functional equivalency between visual perception and visual image processing. However, it’s still unknown whether there will be a global advantage on mental rotation. In the present study, we combined the mental rotation task with the compound stimuli to explore whether the global or local advantage also existed at the mental imagery transformation stages. In two pilot studies, the perceptual global precedence was found to be present in a normal/mirror-image judgment task when the stimuli exposure time was short; while the stimuli exposure time was prolonged (stimuli kept available till subjects’ response) the perceptual global precedence was showed to be eliminated. In all of the subsequent experiments, stimili would be presented till subjects’ response. Then mental rotation was added in normal/mirror-image judgment (some of the stimuli were rotated to certain angles from upright) in normal experiments, experiment 1 and 2 observed a global advantage on mental rotation both with a focused-attention design (Experiment 1) and divided-attention design (Experiment 2). Subjects’ reaction times were increased with rotation angles, and the accuracy was decreased with rotation angles, suggesting that subject need a mental rotation to make a normal/mirror judgment. The most important results were that subjects’ response to global rotation was faster than that to local rotation. The analysis of slope of rotation further indicated that, to some extend, the speed of global rotation was faster than that of local rotation. These results suggest a global advantage on mental rotation. Experiment 3 took advantage of the high temporal resolution of event-related potentials to explore the temporal pattern of global advantage on mental rotation. Event-related potential results indicated the parietal P300 amplitude was inversely related to the character orientation, and the local rotation task delayed the onset of the mental-rotation-related negativity at parietal electrodes. None clear effect was found for occipital N150. All these results suggested that the global rotation was not only processed faster than local rotation, but also occurred earlier than local rotation. Experiments 4 and 5 took the effect size of global advantage as the main dependent variable, and visual angle and exposure duration of the stimuli as independent variables, to examine the relationship between perceptual global precedence and global advantage on mental rotation. Results indicated that visual angle and exposure duration did not influence the effect size of global advantage on mental rotation. The global advantage on mental rotation and the perceptual global advantage seemed to be independent but their effects could be accumulated at some condition. These findings not only contribute to revealing a new processing property of mental rotation, but also deepen our understanding of the problem of global/local processing and shed light on the debate on locus of global precedence.

Optical Flow From 1D Correlation: Application to a Simple Time-To-Crash Detector

In the first part of this paper we show that a new technique exploiting 1D correlation of 2D or even 1D patches between successive frames may be sufficient to compute a satisfactory estimation of the optical flow field. The algorithm is well-suited to VLSI implementations. The sparse measurements provided by the technique can be used to compute qualitative properties of the flow for a number of different visual tsks. In particular, the second part of the paper shows how to combine our 1D correlation technique with a scheme for detecting expansion or rotation ([5]) in a simple algorithm which also suggests interesting biological implications. The algorithm provides a rough estimate of time-to-crash. It was tested on real image sequences. We show its performance and compare the results to previous approaches.

Pose-Invariant Face Recognition Using Real and Virtual Views

The problem of automatic face recognition is to visually identify a person in an input image. This task is performed by matching the input face against the faces of known people in a database of faces. Most existing work in face recognition has limited the scope of the problem, however, by dealing primarily with frontal views, neutral expressions, and fixed lighting conditions. To help generalize existing face recognition systems, we look at the problem of recognizing faces under a range of viewpoints. In particular, we consider two cases of this problem: (i) many example views are available of each person, and (ii) only one view is available per person, perhaps a driver's license or passport photograph. Ideally, we would like to address these two cases using a simple view-based approach, where a person is represented in the database by using a number of views on the viewing sphere. While the view-based approach is consistent with case (i), for case (ii) we need to augment the single real view of each person with synthetic views from other viewpoints, views we call 'virtual views'. Virtual views are generated using prior knowledge of face rotation, knowledge that is 'learned' from images of prototype faces. This prior knowledge is used to effectively rotate in depth the single real view available of each person. In this thesis, I present the view-based face recognizer, techniques for synthesizing virtual views, and experimental results using real and virtual views in the recognizer.

Plasmi copy number quantification by spectrofluorometry

No data (2012)

Discrimination between low atomic number materials from their characteristic scattering of X-ray radiation

C.R. Bull and R. Zwiggelaar, 'Discrimination between low atomic number materials from their characteristic scattering of X-ray radiation', Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 68 (2), 77-87 (1997)

Quasi -symmetric designs with good blocks and intersection number one

Mavron, Vassili; McDonough, T.P.; Schrikhande, M.S., (2003) 'Quasi -symmetric designs with good blocks and intersection number one', Designs Codes and Cryptography 28(2) pp.147-162 RAE2008

Badanie rotacji wybranych planetoid pojedynczych i podwójnych przy wykorzystaniu obserwacji fotometrycznych

Wydział Fizyki: Instytut Obserwatorium Astronomiczne

Consequências do trabalho por turnos e nocturno em profissionais de enfermagem (estudo realizado em dois hospitais do norte de Portugal)

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia.

Quantitative Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within Copy Number Variation

Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been used extensively in genetics and epidemiology studies. Traditionally, SNPs that did not pass the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test were excluded from these analyses. Many investigators have addressed possible causes for departure from HWE, including genotyping errors, population admixture and segmental duplication. Recent large-scale surveys have revealed abundant structural variations in the human genome, including copy number variations (CNVs). This suggests that a significant number of SNPs must be within these regions, which may cause deviation from HWE. Results We performed a Bayesian analysis on the potential effect of copy number variation, segmental duplication and genotyping errors on the behavior of SNPs. Our results suggest that copy number variation is a major factor of HWE violation for SNPs with a small minor allele frequency, when the sample size is large and the genotyping error rate is 0~1%. Conclusions Our study provides the posterior probability that a SNP falls in a CNV or a segmental duplication, given the observed allele frequency of the SNP, sample size and the significance level of HWE testing.