Avaliação do desempenho ambiental da produção canavieira com colheita mecanizada: contribuição à implantação de um sistema simplificado de gestão ambiental da propriedade

The consuming of the natural resources in the agricultural sector does not represent only one external factor of the productive process, but also it implies in a bigger cost for the production, justified for this environmental degradation. In view of the necessity of evaluating the sustainment of the agricultural businesses, the use of performance indicators if makes of extreme importance. The measurement of the support through environmentalindicators is one of the most accepted forms of performing the evaluation of one given agricultural activity. In this context, the Base System for Eco-certification of Agricultural Businesses (Eco-cert Rural) developed by the Embrapa Environment at Jaguariúna/SP, has for purpose to present a method of evaluation of the agricultural businesses, not only of the point of view of the ecological performance, as well as considering the social, economic and organizational aspects. Through the analysis of the performance of the activity and the regularization of the disconformities found, it makes possible the eco-certification of the activities in the varied existing protocols, offering technologies designed to the sustainable development of the agricultural businesses. Using Eco-cert.Rural, this work evaluated the contribution of the use of mechanized harvest in sugar cane handling, front to the traditional system of manual harvest, using the fire. In the Sugar Cane Activity General Performance Index, Agrícola Rio Claro scored 2,08 of a maximum of 15. Amongst all the indicators, those wich reached performance worse had been related to the Use of Energy and the Income, by increasing fossil fuel consumptiom, and implying income concentration due to resignations of rural workers. However, the improvements on the environment quality by supressing manual harvest through fire are very significant. Beyond the great reduction in...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Implementação de um sistema de informação para cartas de sensibilidade ambiental a derrames de óleo e elaboração de mapas de vulnerabilidade ambiental a derrames de óleo para o município de Caraguatatuba-SP

Fossil fuels are the main energy sources of the modern industrial age. Very sophisticated processes have been developed to extract these resources, due to increased demand on a global scale, as the extraction of oil. However, the complexity of these processes can cause accidents such as the release of oil to seas and oceans. In this context, this study proposes to carry out the implementation of a system of information to charts of environmental sensitivity to oil and prepare maps of vulnerability to oil for the city of Caraguatatuba-SP. The implementation of the database with geographical information of coastal environments was appropriate to be provided by the Internet, allowing wide access of data. The maps of vulnerability are important tool developed for the Individual Emergency Plans, because they were developed in operational scale, appropriate to actions to combat oil.

Relações Públicas pela sustentabilidade: o profissional dentro das organizações

This research has the purpose of highlighting one of the acting areas of the public relations' professional, ensuring that he has enough competence to develop his work within an organization, implementing actions and programs in pursuit of a sustainable growth. The study starts with an analysis of the organizations and their communication process to further expand the understanding of the concept of sustainable development and finally addressing the role of public relations and the scenario organizational that it is envolved. In the globalized world we live in, our relationships are mediated by the capitalism: economic system that is concerned with the higher production seeking only profits. Thus, some organizations - acting in accordance with this model, end up don't caring about the environment around them, using it only like an instrument for achieving their goals. However, because this type of action, the contemporary society is facing serious environmental problems, fact that arouses the attention of civil society members and international organs, concerned to combine progress with sustainable development. The public relations' professional, concerned about the concretization of a concept and favorable institutional identities, besides the obvious envolvement with environment, can act in defense of this, implementing policies and campaigns ecologically correct for sustainability

Análise ambiental do comércio bilateral Brasil - China

A estrutura do comércio bilateral entre o Brasil e a República Popular da China - China alterou-se ao longo das décadas de 1990 e 2000 e dos anos 2010 e 2011, que correspondem ao período de análise. Os indicadores monetários e físicos aqui utilizados sugerem que essa relação bilateral de comércio apresenta impacto negativo sobre o meio ambiente e uma tendência exponencial deste impacto. Os indicadores físicos parecem permitir uma extrapolação maior do que os monetários: apesar da China estar contribuindo com uma parcela maior com as mudanças climáticas - maior valor absoluto de emissão de CO2 das exportações -, o Brasil está contribuindo proporcionalmente mais do que aquele país para a insustentabilidade global. Assim, a dinâmica dessa estrutura aponta para aumento da vulnerabilidade do setor exportador brasileiro, tanto no aspecto ambiental como no tecnológico, fator primordial para minimização do impacto sobre o ecossistema local e global

O Sistema de Gestão Ambiental e sua contribuição socioambiental para a biblioteca central da UNESP, Campus Rio Claro/SP

The minimization and mitigation of environmental impacts caused by the activities of organizations is increasingly becoming a key concern due to factors such as market demand, including suppliers and consumer markets, quality standards and even marketing strategies. The implementation of an EMS - Environmental Management System - allows the organization to achieve the level of environmental performance for its determined and promotes continuous improvement over time. This system consists of a schedule of activities, so as to eliminate or minimize impacts to the environment through preventive actions. It also provides a structured approach to set and achieve goals and objectives, and to establish procedures, work instructions and control, ensuring that the implementation of the policy can become reality. The objective of this work consists in planning a system using environmental management based on the ISO 14001 - standard internationally more widespread and accepted in the requirements to establish and operate an EMS - the Central Library, UNESP, Rio Claro / SP to stimulate the quest for continuous improvement and sustainability in the educational institution. For making the diagnosis of this planning was used the PDCA methodology, suggested by the standard, as well as all requirements for compliance. The results show that the benefits that the organization will receive involve reducing expenses and cost of energy and water, and improve the organization's reputation before the whole university and other educational institutions, reaching about three thousand people on university

Principais práticas e indicadores de sustentabilidade corporativa no setor de energia elétrica no Brasil

The questions involving environment and society have been increasingly considered into account when companies make business decisions. However many of them have not yet incorporated sustainability effectively in their business plan, sometimes performing only a few external actions and outside their area of expertise. The concept of corporate sustainability is within this context, and therefore the practice of companies consider, the environmental and social issues into their strategies, along with economic issues. This work has as main objective to identify what are the key indicators and related practices of the concept of corporate sustainability that has been introduced in companies on environmental reference of a certain sector of the Brazilian economy. The sector that was chosen is electric power, having enormous significance both in economy, society and environment. The results indicate that the main practice are in the areas of energy efficiency, security and good relationship with its key business stakeholders

Crescimento e desenvolvimento chinês: o desafio ambiental

O trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a ascensão da China nos últimos anos e o impacto ambiental gerado por esse processo. Tal análise abordou os conceitos de desenvolvimento e desenvolvimento sustentável desde sua origem até a atualidade. Com foco no país objeto deste trabalho foram apresentadas as suas fontes de crescimento através de um panorama histórico-econômico e dados econômicos do período estudado de 1978 até 2012. Além disso, foi abordado de que maneira o processo acelerado de crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico do país afetou o meio ambiente, como resultado do processo de industrialização, das políticas de abertura a investimentos estrangeiros, entre outros fatores. Outra análise de destaque deste trabalho é o sobre o tamanho da população do país, sua demanda energética e indicadores ambientais que mostram a situação da China no que diz respeito ao meio ambiente e sustentabilidade. Por fim, o trabalho apresenta medidas e políticas propostas e adotadas pelo governo para proteger o meio ambiente e torná-lo sustentável. Verificou-se que o crescimento chinês esteve associado a forte poluição e degradação ambiental

Estudo da produção de hidrogênio eletrolítico a partir de fontes eólica, solar e hidrelétrica

Introduces technical, economic and environmentally competitive solutions in the energy market is a great challenge for society. This work examines each of these aspects considering the production of electrolytic hydrogen with energy from wind power, solar and hydropower, in order to ensure an overview of this energy carrier. Initially, an assessment of the technical aspects is made addressing existing electrolysers technologies, its main characteristics and differences. The geographical distribution of wind, solar and hydroelectric potential in Brazil is also mapped, and a configuration scheme of a hydrogen production system is discussed. Subsequently, the economic analysis calculates the cost of investment in the alkaline electrolyser of 60 Nm³ / h, similar to the Brazilian bus powered by hydrogen project, coordinated by EMTU. Since the main input of electrolysis is electricity, is analyzed the latest energy auctions of each primary source and it is calculated the cost of production of the wind, solar and hydropower hydrogen. Postponed to this, are investigated the intrinsic environmental impacts of electricity generation process, proposing a readjustment of an indicator of ecological efficiency for the production of hydrogen. Finally, the work discusses the concept of externalities and demonstrates how the incorporation of external costs can leverage the hydrogen economy. In short, it is evident that the wind and hydroelectric hydrogens are more promising compared to solar hydrogen, whether in the economic aspect, because it achieved lower costs, whether in the environmental aspect, because it reached the highest ecological efficiency

Fitase em dietas para frangos de corte - melhor desempenho e sustentabilidade para a produção animal

O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso é composto por uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a fitase e um relatório sobre o estágio supervisionado realizado na BRF S. A. em Rio Verde/GO. A busca por medidas de sustentabilidade, e a preocupação das indústrias e granjas avícolas com o meio ambiente ligadas ao fator econômico torna a utilização da fitase cada vez mais difundida entre a avicultura moderna. O uso da suplementação enzimática com fitase nas dietas dos frangos de corte diminui a necessidade de utilizar fontes inorgânicas de fósforo, reduzindo os custos com a produção das rações. A fitase também beneficia as aves com uma maior biodisponibilidade de macro e micronutrientes, por hidrolisar o ácido fítico. A utilização da fitase pode ser um adjuvante nas dietas para frangos de corte em diferentes fases de criação, melhorando índices zootécnicos e contribuindo para a redução da poluição ambiental por reduzir elementos como o fósforo e o nitrogênio das excretas das aves

Emissões de poluentes em centrais hidrelétricas: aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ecológicos

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Conflitos socioambientais, educação ambiental e participação social na gestão ambiental

This is synthesis of the debates held during the round-table “Socioenvironmental conflicts, environmental education and social participation on environmental management”, at the V ENANPPAS (2010), which has focused on the discussion of four main themes: Socioenvironmental conflicts and the myths of social participation; Socioenvironmental conflicts and the uncertainty of conditions to environmental education immersed in problems and conflicts; Solution of Socioenvironmental conflitcts – actions mediated by instrumental rationality and emancipatory interest; Positive actions as dialogical-problematizing practice on concrete reality. From an initial provocative text, each member has brought his first contribution, followed by new questions as consequence of these speeches. The hole debate was recorded, transcripted and made a synthesis to present in this manuscript form.

A educação e a sustentabilidade: o desafio de um paradigma e a década da educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável da UNESCO (2005-2014)

This paper aims at proposing a discussion on the role of education in a pragmatic plot. It intends to offer some contributions to the consolidation in the essence of sustainable development and of a contextualized sustainability as well as its respective dimensions. Therefore, some conceptual evolutions of such expressions and the implications for when they are being used, especially parallel to the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, UNESCO (2005-2014) are presented. This paper also intends to promote some reflection on how much environmental and general education are important with regard to the challenge of multidimensional balance proposed, as seen from the perspective of a paradigm that has been constantly shaped since the Stockholm Conference of 1972, going through the given contributions in 1992 by The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro – Eco 92 / Rio 92; and from there to the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, of Rio+20, in 2012.

Educação ambiental e formação de professores de biologia no município de piracicaba/speducação ambiental e formação de professores de biologia no município de Piracicaba/SP

Early this century, several crises are intertwined and the environmental crisis is the most global of them all. In this context, emerged as an environmental education learn to overcome the crisis. This article aims to discuss the ideas of biology teachers in the city of Piracicaba-SP on Environmental Education and from there to reflect on the theme of inclusion in the initial training of teachers. The methodology used a structured questionnaire-based instrument VOSTS (Views on Science-Technology-Society), produced by Aikenhead and Ryan (1992) and the data were analyzed qualitatively. The results indicate that the biology teachers surveyed still have a naive conception of environmental education and training courses need to commit to structural and curricular changes that make the effective insertion of the subject in teacher training in the region studied.

Etnicidade, conservação ambiental e direitos territoriais em áreas de incidência de programas de desenvolvimento social e sustentável

Ribeira Valley, a region covered by the last continues area of the Atlantic Rain Forest in São Paulo State, in Brazil, is thus a preservation law and environmental control target, is now configurated as locus where emerge conflicts concerning economic and agricultural activities, particularly in places where befall public policies recognizing territorial rights – quilombo remnants, indigenous lands and sustainable development settlings. The research’s aim is to understand, considering each of these contexts, if and how a conservationist focus is assumed as a value and a strategy, connected to etnicity and traditionality, in order to actualize these social spaces.

Modelagem fuzzy aplicada a políticas públicas: proposta de um indice municipal de qualidade ambiental

Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais - Sorocaba