EFICÁCIA ADAPTATIVA DE ADOLESCENTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS TRABALHADORES

Simon (1989) define adaptação como o conjunto de respostas de um organismo vivo, em vários momentos, a situações que o modificam, permitindo manutenção de sua organização compatível com a vida. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia adaptativa de adolescentes universitários; verificar possíveis diferenças na qualidade da adaptação entre adolescentes universitários trabalhadores e não trabalhadores; e identificar, por meio da EDAO, os fatores presentes e determinantes da qualidade da adaptação de um adolescente trabalhador e um não trabalhador. Para tanto, foi aplicado primeiramente o Questionário Diagnóstico Adaptativo Operacionalizado em 144 alunos ingressantes de uma universidade particular da região do grande ABC, de ambos os gêneros e períodos, sendo 115 do gênero feminino e 29 do masculino e 85 do período matutino e 59 do noturno, de 17 a 20 anos de idade, com 46 que trabalham e estudam e 98 que apenas estudam. Após a avaliação do questionário, foram escolhidas duas alunas para a aplicação da Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada. A primeira, com 19 anos, estudante do período matutino e não trabalhava, foi escolhida por apresentar as médias mais baixas do grupo, apresentando indícios de adaptação ineficaz, e a segunda por ser uma universitária trabalhadora, de 18 anos, com indicativo de adaptação eficaz. Os resultados mostraram que não existe diferença estatisticamente significante na qualidade da adaptação ao considerar-se as variáveis setor da adaptação, trabalho, idade, gênero e curso, com exceção da variável gênero no setor Sócio-Cultural, no qual foi evidenciado que as mulheres estão significativamente mais adequadas que os rapazes. Os dados revelaram que 100 participantes (69,4%) obtiveram 3 pontos, e tiveram como classificação diagnóstica Adaptação Ineficaz Moderada (Grupo 3), 27 (18,8%) obtiveram 4 pontos e foram classificados com Adaptação Ineficaz Leve (Grupo 2), 17 (11,8%) obtiveram 5 pontos e foram classificados com Adaptação Eficaz (Grupo 1) e nenhum participante foi classificado no Grupo 4 ou no Grupo 5. As duas aplicações da EDAO mostraram as mesmas adequações de respostas nos setores Afetivo-Relacional, Produtividade e Sócio-Cultural, assim como mas apresentou diferenças no setor Orgânico. Foi verificado que a rotina de trabalhar e estudar não é um fator que contribui para a ineficácia adaptativa, mas sim os sentimentos que envolvem estudos e atividade laboral. Ao revelar correlações significativas e positivas, esta pesquisa comprovou a afirmação de Simon (2005) de que os setores adaptativos interagem. Com base nos trabalhos de Simon (1989, 2005) e Gandini (1996), a presente pesquisa contribuiu com a aplicação da avaliação da eficácia adaptativa ao elaborar um método para avaliar a eficácia adaptativa de uma população maior em um único momento do tempo.

BEM-ESTAR SUBJETIVO, AUTOEFICÁCIA E CONSUMO DE ÁLCOOL EM UNIVERSITÁRIOS

O período de transição para a universidade constitui-se um desafio para os estudantes devido à quantidade e à diversidade de mudanças originadas por um novo contexto pessoal e social que exige o desenvolvimento de recursos adaptativos. A vulnerabilidade trazida por essa fase pode motivar o uso de álcool e outras drogas, sendo um padrão recorrente encontrado em universitários. O bem-estar subjetivo (BES) e a autoeficácia (AE) são exemplos de fatores de proteção capazes de influenciar os comportamentos e atitudes dos jovens diante de situações como o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas. Sendo assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar a capacidade explicativa do bem-estar subjetivo e da autoeficácia sobre o consumo de álcool em universitários. A amostra pesquisada foi constituída por 405 estudantes universitários de cursos da área da saúde da região metropolitana de São Paulo, com uma idade média de 21,69 (DP= 5,49), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (81,5%), cursando o primeiro ou o segundo semestre, tanto do período matutino quanto do noturno. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o programa SPSS, versão 20.0 para Windows para a realização de cálculos descritivos e exploratórios: média, desvio-padrão, correlações, análise de regressão múltipla, análises de variância (ANOVA) e teste t de Student. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que os universitários apresentaram um baixo nível de bem-estar subjetivo, autoeficácia acima da média e baixo consumo de álcool, sendo classificados na sua maioria como abstinentes. Foram observados indícios de que o bem-estar subjetivo e a autoeficácia predizem, ainda que de forma limitada, o consumo de álcool, destacando-se com maior capacidade preditiva os afetos negativos, a autoeficácia em ações pró-ativas e a autoeficácia em interação social. Além disso, a análise de correlação (r de Pearson) revelou que BES e AE guardam relação entre si, apresentando índices positivos e significativos. Também foram verificadas correlações significativas e negativas entre o consumo de álcool, a autoeficácia total e seus fatores, assim como correlações significativas e positivas entre o consumo de álcool e afetos negativos. Adicionalmente, é possível concluir que, no grupo estudado, dentre os jovens que consumiram álcool, estudantes do sexo masculino demonstraram um consumo maior da bebida do que as mulheres.

INDICADORES DE SAÚDE POSITIVA: UM ESTUDO COM EMPREGADOS EXPATRIADOS

Os estudos sobre expatriados, tanto no âmbito nacional quanto internacional, normalmente tratam de aspectos administrativos relativos ao processo de expatriação, como, por exemplo, as dificuldades de adaptação do indivíduo e de sua família, bem como o prejuízo que um programa mal sucedido poderia trazer para a organização. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever cinco indicadores psicossociais de saúde positiva (bem-estar subjetivo, bemestar no trabalho, percepção de suporte social, percepção de suporte organizacional e otimismo) em empregados expatriados. Foi utilizada uma amostra escolhida por conveniência, composta por 16 pessoas, sendo 8 do sexo masculino e 8 do sexo feminino e que já haviam participado ou estavam participando de programas organizacionais de expatriação. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário de auto-preenchimento composto por oito medidas que aferiram as variáveis incluídas no estudo (satisfação geral com a vida, afetos positivos e negativos, satisfação no trabalho, envolvimento com o trabalho, comprometimento organizacional afetivo, percepções de suporte social e organizacional e otimismo). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas, testadas diferenças entre médias, bem como calculados índices de correlação entre variáveis. Os resultados revelaram que os profissionais expatriados tiveram mais oportunidades de vivenciar sensações afetivas positivas do que negativas em suas experiências fora do seu país de origem, o que permite dizer que os expatriados tendem a níveis positivos de muito alegres, muito bem, muito felizes, muito satisfeitos, muito animados e muito contentes , logo eles mantiveram relativamente preservado o seu bem-estar subjetivo. Também foi possível observar que as suas maiores satisfações com a vida não eram advindas do trabalho e que eles pareciam demonstrar estar satisfeitos com suas relações interpessoais além de apresentar uma forte vinculação afetiva com o seu empregador. Resultado diferente foi obtido para envolvimento com o trabalho revelando que as tarefas não conseguiam manter o expatriado totalmente absorvido por elas durante o período de expatriação. O estudo revelou também que os expatriados percebem receber maior apoio emocional de seus familiares, amigos e parentes do que suporte prático. Quanto à percepção de suporte organizacional foi observado que eles não acreditam, incondicionalmente, no apoio da organização em que estão inseridos. Os resultados mostraram ainda que os expatriados mantêm uma expectativa positiva quanto ao futuro, sinalizando um senso levemente acentuado de otimismo. Foi possível observar também algumas correlações significativas entre as dimensões de BES e BET. Com base nestes resultados existem indícios de saúde positiva entre os profissionais pesquisados, visto que eles parecem estar de bem com a vida pessoal e relativamente bem no trabalho, mantendo crenças medianas de suporte social e organizacional. Os resultados do estudo poderão contribuir para a compreensão do quadro psicológico dos indivíduos expatriados e, ao mesmo tempo, oferecerem uma melhor fundamentação conceitual para estudiosos do tema, assim como suscitar nos gestores reflexões acerca de ações políticas para o monitoramento da saúde psíquica dos empregados que tenham participado ou estejam participando desse tipo de programa organizacional.(AU)

SAÚDE MENTAL DE INTERNAUTAS UNIVERSITÁRIOS

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a saúde mental de internautas universitários. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com delineamento transversal e quantitativa. Participaram deste estudo 150 usuários de internet, dos gêneros, masculino e feminino, com idade entre 17 e 53 anos, estudantes universitários de diversos cursos de graduação da faculdade de saúde, de um único campus, de uma universidade privada, localizada na cidade de São Bernardo do Campo, na região metropolitana de São Paulo. A amostra foi selecionada por critério de conveniência, porém considerou-se a amostragem por cotas para melhor representatividade da população estudada. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário de Morbidade Psiquiátrica para Adultos (QMPA) e um questionário complementar desenvolvido para caracterização da amostra. Após coleta, os dados foram lançados e tratados estatisticamente. Os resultados mostraram prevalência de saúde mental em 58% dos internautas universitários. Entre os participantes que apresentaram sintomas de morbidade psiquiátrica (42%) prevaleceram os sintomas de exaltação do humor, ansiedade, somatização, irritabilidade e depressão, sintomas comumente referidos como transtornos psiquiátricos menores. Dos internautas estudados 55% foram considerados usuários pesados por utilizarem a internet acima de 60 horas mensais. A média de horas de acesso à internet apresentou correlação com os sintomas de morbidade psiquiátrica avaliados. Contudo estes sintomas de morbidade psiquiátrica não apresentaram diferenciação entre tipo de usuário (pesado e leve), em ambos os casos prevaleceram a avaliação de saúde mental. As horas de acesso à internet foram consideradas um dos indícios do uso patológico da internet, porém insuficiente para estabelecer qualquer diagnóstico. O uso patológico da internet mostrou-se presente em 57% dos internautas, por utilizarem a internet em detrimento de outros aspectos de suas vidas. Os sintomas de morbidade psiquiátrica apresentaram correlações positivas e significativas com as questões sobre o uso patológico da internet. Os resultados desta pesquisa sugerem que o uso patológico da internet revela-se como um novo campo de expressão de morbidades psiquiátricas já conhecidas. Deste modo, a internet não se mostra como um fator de risco para saúde mental de seus usuários. Ela seria um amplificador, uma ferramenta que facilitaria a expressão de tais comportamentos patológicos, que são provenientes de transtornos já existentes, assim como a utilização de diversas outras práticas sociais, que podem se tornar patológicas pela manifestação de diferentes transtornos do indivíduo.

Percepção de cuidadores de crianças acerca da prevenção de acidentes domésticos infantis: análise à luz do modelo de crenças em saúde

This study aimed to analyze the perception of home caregivers of children from zero to five years-old on child domestic accidents and their influence in preventing these events. Exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, conducted with 20 caregivers attended at the Family Health Unit of Cidade Nova in Natal/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The participants should have age less than 18 years-old, being a caregiver of at least a five year-old child and living in the area ascribed of Family Health Unit in the neighborhood Cidade Nova. Data collection occurred between March and April 2013 and a semistructured interview script was used. This stage was preceded by the acquiescence of the director of health institution where the research was developed, the Health Department of the Municipality of Natal as well as the Ethics Committee in Research of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte under Opinion nº 219 872 and CAAE nº 12236013.7.0000.5537. It is noted that respondents were asked to formal authorization by the Term of Consent. The data were treated according to the technique of the Collective Subject Discourse and analyzed based on three dimensions of the Health Belief Model, relating to perceptions of susceptibility to infant domestic accidents, self-efficacy to prevent infant and indicia domestic accidents for action of preventing domestic accidents in childhood. The results revealed that all the respondents were women, who, in their majority, they are mothers of the children they care, and predominantly they are aged between 18 and 30 years-old, full high school education and unemployed. Concerning the perception of susceptibility, it was unveiled understanding of deponents on various types of accidents, which are considered preventable. For this purpose, it was highlighted that the constant surveillance of the children is essential, keeping in view their high degree of curiosity and immaturity. On the perceived selfefficacy, the participants reported adopting preventive measures; however, they reported experiencing falls, burns, electric shocks and dog bites. In regard to the meaning attributed to experienced accidents they highlighted their feelings of guilt and despair, particularly about the cases understood as serious. Regarding the last dimension analyzed, related to indications for action, family, friends and television were the main source of information about household accidents and their prevention methods; however, health professionals were rarely cited as issuers of such knowledge. It is concluded that there is a widespread perception of women about prevention of domestic accidents and the weakness in the view of health professionals, including nurses, as disseminators of this information. This suggests the need to strengthen the dialogue on the issue and encouraging the participation of caregivers actively in the prevention of child domestic accidents

A relação entre transtorno da insônia e funções executivas em adultos

The insomnia disorder is defined as a difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or waking up earlier than expected unable to return to sleep, followed by a feeling of nonrestorative and poor quality sleep, present for at least three months, with consequences on daytime functioning. Studies have shown that insomnia affects cognitive function, especially executive functions. However, researches that sought to investigate the relationship between primary insomnia and executive functioning were quite inconsistent from a methodological point of view, especially in regard to the variability of the used methods, the heterogeneity of diagnostic criteria for insomnia and the control of sleep altering drugs. In this sense, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between insomnia and executive functions in adults. The participants were 29 people, from both genders, aged 20-55 years old. Participants were divided into three groups, one composed of 10 people with primary insomnia who used sleep medication (GIM), nine people with primary insomnia who did not use medication (GInM) and 10 healthy people who composed the control group (CG). The research was conducted in two stages. The first one involved a diagnostic evaluation for insomnia disorder through a clinical interview and the application of the following protocols: the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, Sleep Journal (for 14 days), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Stanford Sleepiness Test, depression and anxiety Beck inventories, and Lipp’s Iventory of stress symptoms for adults. After this stage, the evaluation of executive functions was performed by applying a battery of neuropsychological tests composed by the following tests: Wisconsin, Stoop Test, Colored trails Test, the Tower of London Test, Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and WAIS III subtest digit span, which measured selective attention, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, problem solving, decision making and working memory, respectively. The results showed that insomniacs (GIM and GInM) showed higher sleep latency, shorter sleep duration and lower sleep efficiency compared to the CG. In regard to the performance in executive functions, no statistically significant difference between groups was observed in the evaluated modalities. However, the data show evidence that, compared to GInM and GC, the performance of GIM was lower on tasks that required quick responses and changes in attention focus. On the other hand, GInM, when compared to GIM and GC, showed a better performance on tasks involving cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, impaired sleep measures were correlated with the worst performance of insomniacs in all components evaluated. In conclusion, people with the insomnia disorder showed a performance similar to healthy people’s in components of the executive functioning. Thus, one can infer that there is a relationship between primary insomnia and executive functions in adults.

Desindustrialização no Brasil: teorias e evidências para o debate

This study aims to contribute with evidence to reinforce or not the thesis of a possible deindustrialization of the Brazilian economy, with emphasis on period after 1995. The debate began in the late 80s, however, recently the industry deceleration gained strength in discussions academic. Between the main theses in this debate is the new-development that believes in precocious deindustrialization caused primarily by overvaluation exchange rate. However, part of heterodoxy believes the industry downturn is more related to the rate of investment than the exchange rate. Nevertheless, according to the orthodox thesis the loss of competitiveness due to the high cost of production may have caused the de-industrialization in Brazil. On the other hand, part of Orthodoxy does not believe that the country is deindustrializing it, but is occurring convergence of Brazilian industry the world average. Thus, in an attempt to shed light on this debate, this study intends to identify the reasons for the deceleration of the Brazilian industry, emphasizing aspects underexplored in the literature and define whether or not the country suffers a process of deindustrialization. When analyzing various indicators, especially the quantum level we find strong indications that the deceleration of the Brazilian industry can be characterized as a deindustrialization, though still insufficient to qualify as precocious, given the loss of share in physical production in total output and the share of primary goods in the export basket

O processo de inserção dos psicólogos na assistência social em Natal/RN no período de 1972-2003

Since the rules of the National Social Assistance (PNAS) and the Unified Social Assistance System (SUAS) in 2004/2005 the psychologist action as an essential professional teams in the services offered in this field. Althoug, there are indications of psychologists who worked on the assistence prior this time. This insertion had not systematized in the literature, not allowing the establishment of records of this linear trajectory. The objective of this paper is investigate the entrance and a psychologist working in social care services in Natal / RN , as well as the activities undertaken by them in the period 1972-2003 . This temporal boundary is justified because Natal initiate to have a psychologist from 1972 to 2003 was immediately prior to the landmarks of the 2004/2005 year. The research was divided into two stages: documentary and oral history. The first was through the consultation of 86 monographs of the Sector Documentation Social Service Department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte , its intend identify what were the services that characterized the health care field and evidence of the presence of psychologists in these spaces. In the second stage, interviews with psychologists who worked 13 trailers to social assistance in order to investigate its performance, activities undertaken, the insertion process in the area, among other things were done. The material analysis was based on themes from a historical perspective. The results point to three major areas of integration of psychologists : in child exceptionality in which psychologists were linked to Brazilian Legion Social Assistance (LBA); the field of the minor through the State Foundation for the Well Being of Minors (center), and occupying positions of management and coordination in some welfare programs.

Desempenho de analistas sell-side no mercado de ações brasileiro

The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of Sell-Side analysts and analysts propose a classification, considering the performance of the price forecasts and recom- mendations (sell-hold-buy) in the Brazilian stock market. For this, the first step was to analyze the consensus of analysts to understand the importance of this collective interven- tion in the market; the second was to analyze the analysts individually to understand how improve their analysis in time. Third was to understand how are the main methods of ranking used in markets. Finally, propose a form of classification that reflects the previous aspects discussed. To investigate the hypotheses proposed in the study were used linear models for panel to capture elements in time. The data of price forecasts and analyst recommendations individually and consensus, in the period 2005-2013 were obtained from Bloomberg R ○ . The main results were: (i) superior performance of consensus recommen- dations, compared with the individual analyzes; (ii) associating the number of analysts issuing recommendations with improved accuracy allows supposing that this number may be associated with increased consensus strength and hence accuracy; (iii) the anchoring effect of the analysts consensus revisions makes his predictions are biased, overvaluating the assets; (iv) analysts need to have greater caution in times of economic turbulence, noting also foreign markets such as the USA. For these may result changes in bias between optimism and pessimism; (v) effects due to changes in bias, as increased pessimism can cause excessive increase in purchase recommendations number. In this case, analysts can should be more cautious in analysis, mainly for consistency between recommendation and the expected price; (vi) the experience of the analyst with the asset economic sector and the asset contributes to the improvement of forecasts, however, the overall experience showed opposite evidence; (vii) the optimism associated with the overall experience, over time, shows a similar behavior to an excess of confidence, which could cause reduction of accuracy; (viii) the conflicting effect of general experience between the accuracy and the observed return shows evidence that, over time, the analyst has effects similar to the endowment bias on assets, which would result in a conflict analysis of recommendations and forecasts ; (ix) despite the focus on fewer sectors contribute to the quality of accuracy, the same does not occur with the focus on assets. So it is possible that analysts may have economies of scale when cover more assets within the same industry; and finally, (x) was possible to develop a proposal for classification analysts to consider both returns and the consistency of these predictions, called Analysis coefficient. This ranking resulted better results, considering the return / standard deviation.

O canto dos vestibulandos em 140 caracteres: linguagem e construção de identidades no Twitter

The revolution caused by the internet and its various social networks eventually bring forth fruitful reflections on cyberculture and the power of identity construction. What seemed purely fashion has become way of being, representation of self, reality creation (Lévy, 1996). Considering language as a social phenomenon, which occurs through interaction, as explicit in Bakhtin (1929), the speech aired on social networks shapes the profile of their users, constructing identities which, according to Hall (2006), are multiple and non-permanent . This research seeks to examine the use of Twitter by school students, developing a reflection on the construction of their own identities in cyberspace. The subjects are students of Educandário Nossa Senhora das Vitórias, private school in Assú/RN, all graduates from high school. Understanding the Vestibular year as a decisive and a reflection engine ever present about their condition of students, subjects eventually express their anxieties, fears and perspectives in the virtual environment, providing us with enough material to analyze how they are high school students, expectations for appropriate selection processes, plus several representations belonging to the school environment. From the discourse conveyed on Twitter expressed in Featured posts, this study reveals the identities of high school students that emerge from it, which led the cast of some evidence. From them, despite the multiplicity of identities observed, presented some common aspects that corroborate the requirements provided for specific objectives, such as: feeling of belonging to a group - class and school; change of routine and behavior towards education; desecration of traditional teaching practices; changing the identity of students'writings. The analysis of postings enables us to know the perceptions of students regarding the school, the disciplines , the pace of studies, interest in school practices, and from such evidence, the perception of how vestibular modify your daily life and a fondness their identities as school students.

Efeito do ácido ascórbico sobre a espermatogênese de camundongos com distrofia muscular de Duchenne

The objective was to evaluate spermatogenesis alterations caused by DMD and the effect of the treatment using ascorbic acid in preventing those injuries. Twenty four mice were used, 12 from the C57BL/10 lineage (non-dystrophic) and 12 from the C57BL/10Mdx (dystrophic). The sample was divided in six groups containing 4 animals each, as: C30 = 30 days control; D30 = Dystrophic with 30 days; C60 = 60 days control; D60 = Distrophic with 60 days; CS60 = 60 days control supplemented with ascorbic acid and DS60 = Dystrophic with 60 days supplemented with ascorbic acid. The ascorbic acid supplementation was given in the water, 0,005 mg/day. After euthanasia, the testicles (right and left) were collected, weighted and cross sectioned. The material was fixed in the Karnovsky solution for 24 hours, included in resin for histological studies (morphological and morphometric analyzes) submitted to ultrastructural analysis and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3. There was a significant increase in the tunica propria percentage in D30 compared to C30 and D60. The ultrastructural analysis showed mitochondrial apoptosis evidence of Sertoli cells that can reduce sperm efficiency in CS60 and DS60. A higher volume density of apoptotic cells postivas to Caspase-3 in C30 and D30 versus DS60 compared to CS60. There was severe hypertrophy of the Leydig cells between D30 and D60. However, with supplementation was observed reversal of this change in DS60. The ultrastructure of Leydig cells to early presence of lipid vesicles was observed in the group pre-pubertal dystrophic (D30). Thus, the DMD affect the organization of the seminiferous tubules and intertubule, however, the ascorbic acid supplementation used for the treatment of DMD has been just enough to reduce the hypertrophy of the Leydig cells.

Estimativas, variabilidade e análise de tendência da evapotranspiração de referência em perímetros irrigados, no semiárido do nordeste brasileiro

The variability / climate change has generated great concern worldwide, is one of the major issues as global warming, which can is affecting the availability of water resources in irrigated perimeters. In the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil it is known that there is a predominance of drought, but it is not enough known about trends in climate series of joint water loss by evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether there is increase and / or decrease evidence in the regime of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), for the monthly, annual and interdecadal scales in irrigated polo towns of Juazeiro, BA (9 ° 24'S, 40 ° 26'W and 375,5m) and Petrolina, PE (09 ° 09'S, 40 ° 22'W and 376m), which is the main analysis objective. The daily meteorological data were provided by EMBRAPA Semiárido for the period from 01.01.1976 to 31.12.2014, estimated the daily ETo using the standard method of Penman-Monteith (EToPM) parameterized by Smith (1991). Other methods of more simplified estimatives were calculated and compared to EToPM, as the ones following: Solar Radiation (EToRS), Linacre (EToL), Hargreaves and Samani (EToHS) and the method of Class A pan (EToTCA). The main statistical analysis were non-parametric tests of homogeneity (Run), trend (Mann-kendall), magnitude of the trend (Sen) and early trend detection (Mann-Whitney). The statistical significance adopted was 5 and / or 1%. The Analysis of Variance - ANOVA was used to detect if there is a significant difference in mean interdecadal mean. For comparison between the methods of ETo, it were used the correlation test (r), the Student t test and Tukey levels of 5% significance. Finally, statistics Willmott et al. (1985) statistics was used to evaluate the concordance index and performance of simplified methods compared to the standard method. It obtained as main results that there was a decrease in the time series of EToPM in irrigated areas of Juazeiro, BA and Petrolina, PE, significant respectively at 1 and 5%, with an annual magnitude of -14.5 mm (Juazeiro) and -7.7 mm (Petrolina) and early trend in 1996. The methods which had better for better agreement with EToPM were EToRS with very good performance, in both locations, followed by the method of EToL with good performance (Juazeiro) and median (Petrolina). EToHS had the worst performance (bad) for both locations. It is suggested that this decrease of EToPM can be associated with the increase in irrigated agricultural areas and the construction of Sobradinho lake upstream of the perimeters.

Filogenia molecular do gênero Morganella Zeller (Fungi, Basidiomycota) utilizando marcadores ITS

With the development and improvement of techniques for molecular studies and their subsequent application to the systematic, significant changes occurred in the classification of gasteroid fungi. The genus Morganella belongs to the family Lycoperdaceae, and is characterized mainly by lignicolous habit and presence of paracapilicium. Recent data demonstrate the discovery of new species for the group and the existence of a wide variety of species occurring in tropical ecosystems. However, the phylogenetic relationships of the genus, as well as the taxonomic classification, still require revisions to be better understood, the literature studies that address this issue are still very scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct studies of molecular phylogeny with species of the genus Morganella, to enhance understanding of the phylogeny of the group by including tropical species data. For this, the specimens used both for DNA extractions as for morphological review were obtained from Brazilian and foreign herbaria. For morphological analysis were observed characters relevant to the group's taxonomy. For phylogenetic analysis the Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Analyzes were used, using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. In phylogenetic analyzes, representatives from Morganella form a monophyletic clade with good support value and based on these results the genus should not be included as subgenus of Lycoperdon. The analysis indicated that M. pyriformis was not grouped with other representatives of Morganella, and therefore should not be included in the group as representative of Apioperdon subgenus because it is a Lycoperdon representative. Moreover, M. fuliginea, M. nuda, M. albostipitata, M. velutina, M. subincarnata are grouped with high support values within the genus Morganella. Morganella arenicola based on morphological and molecular studies does not aggregate in Morganella. Morganella nuda was grouped with M. fuliginea giving indications that can be treated as an intraspecific variation. The results of the analyzes favor to a better understanding of the species of Morganella. However, additional studies using a greater number of species, as well as other molecular markers are needed for a better understanding of the phylogenetic of Morganella.

Borboletas no semiárido: sazonalidade e padrões de diversidade de borboletas frugívoras em um ambiente extremo

The spatial and temporal distribution of the population reflects the adjustment of their biological characteristics to environmental conditions and biotic interactions as adaptive and phylogenetic precursors elements. The habitat’s heterogeneity and alternating seasons tend to cause patterns of activity of organisms and species diversity. However, these seasonal and spatial patterns in butterfly communities in dry environments are not yet clear. We studied a community of frugivorous butterflies in ESEC Seridó, in northeastern Brazil, aiming to characterize the guild in semiarid and check the relative contribution of climate and vegetation variables on its composition, diversity and phenofaunistic. The butterflies were sampled monthly during one year, and the distribution of species was associated with structural characteristics of three vegetation types (eg. richness and abundance of tree and shrub species, canopy cover, herbaceous cover, litter) and climatological data (temperature, rainfall and humidity). We captured 9580 individuals of 16 species of butterflies belonging to four subfamilies (Biblidinae, Charaxinae, Nymphalinae and Satyrinae). The richness, abundance and diversity varied in different scales, especially in time, being higher in the rainy season, while the β-diversity and turnover was higher in the dry. The distribution of species mainly followed the changes in humidity, rainfall and vegetation phenology, with no defined boundaries between habitats. The flight period was shared within subfamilies, which should have distinct response to environmental stimuli, as well as respond to the phenology of host plants and have different reproductive strategies. There is even evidence of physiological and behavioral adaptations as seasonal reproduction and aestivation. So there was environmental control over the distribution and diversity of species, with the key role climate Association and vegetation structure in the community of differentiation in the seasons, and the availability and quality of resources on the variation of species abundance in small scales. These results may support the biomonitoring and conservation preserved areas, particularly in environments under human pressure and extreme environmental conditions such as semi-arid.

Expectativas reprodutivas de pais e filhos: uma avaliação do conflito pais-prole

Reproduction is an essential part of humans species’ existence and survival. We are interested in securing it, and having a direct interest in the reproduction of those with whom we have strong genetic relationship. Trivers (1974) featured the parent-offspring conflict, as a divergence about the parents’ investment, which has been mainly studied in the early stages of children’s development. However, the divergence in investment can also be expressed at the time of the reproductive decisions of the offspring. Thus, we investigated whether parents and children have conflicting interests regarding reproductive expectations of the children, understanding reproductive expectations as desired age to marry, have children, have sexual intercourse and desired amount of children. We found that parents and children disagree on some of these points, we also find a more conservative expectation when it comes to daughters, reiterating the daughter-guarding hypothesis. When we consider how much help would be given towards the up bringing of a grandson, we found a clear variation according to the age of the baby's parents: the younger the baby’s parents are, the larger the amount of assistance would be provided by grandparents. Considering the amount and quality of offspring and conditions of reproduction, parental investment is an element that presents itself closely linked to the history of the subject's life. Parents are the first to communicate to children how the environment in which they are inserted is presenting itself. As the life history is closely linked with reproduction, and, therefore, with parental investment, we intend to investigate whether there is a correlation between aspects of the individuals’ history of life (unpredictability and parental care) and their reproductive expectations, seeking further assess on whether there is relationship between parents' life history and their reproductive expectations for their children. We find evidence that partially confirm our expectations; we find relationships of some elements of reproductive expectations with indicators of unpredictability and parental care. The experiences of parents also reflected in their expectations for their children, with a more present correlation to their expectations for daughters. From our results, we find evidence that parent-offspring conflict appears in the reproductive expectations of children and relates to aspects of individuals’ life history.