996 resultados para Gauthier-Villars et fils


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T.3: " Commentaire historique et juridique par Georges Hubrecht."

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Mode of access: Internet.

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1. Maladies microbiennes en général. -- 2. Fièvres éruptives. -- 3. Fièvre typhoïde. -- 4. Maladies communes à l'homme et aux animaux. -- 5. Paludisme et trypanosomiase. -- 6. Maladies exotiques. -- 7. Maladies vénériennes. -- 8. Rhumatismes. -- 9. Grippe, coqueluche, oreillons, diphtérie. -- 10. Streptococcie, staphylococcie, pneumococcie, colibacillose. -- 10. Septicémies: streptococcie ..., 1922. -- 11. Intoxications. -- 12. Maladies de la nutrition. -- 13. Cancer. -- 14. Maladies de la peau. -- 15. Maladies de la bouche, du pharynx et de l'oesophage. -- 16. Maladies de l'estomac. -- 17. Maladies de l'intestin. -- 18. Maladies du péritoine. -- 19. Maladies du foie et de la rate. -- 20. Maladies des glandes salivaires et du pancréas. -- 21. Maladies des reins. -- 22. Maladies des organes génito-urinaires de l'homme et de la femme. -- 23. Maladies du coeur. -- 24. Maladies des artères et de l'aorte. -- 25. Maladies des veines et des lymphatiques. -- 27. Maladies du nez et du larynx. -- 28. Sémiologie de l'appareil respiratoire. -- 29. Maladies des bronches et des poumons. -- 30. Maladies des plèvres et du médiastin. -- 31. Sémiologie nerveuse. -- 32. Maladies du cerveau. -- 33. Maladies de l'isthme de l'encéphale. -- 34. Maladies des méninges. -- 35. Maladies de la moelle épiniere. -- 37. Névroses. -- 38. Maladies des muscles. -- 39. Maladies des os. -- 40. Maladies du corps typhoïde, du corps pituitaire, et des capsules surrénales.

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"...sous les auspices de la Sociʹetʹe française de physique."

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1. période. 1409-1679. 1896.--2.période, 1. ptie. 1679-1730. 1905.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Fluxes of nutrients (NH sub(4) super(+), NO sub(3) super(-), PO sub(4) super(3-) and Si(OH) sub(4)) were studied on an intertidal mudflat in Marennes-Oleron Bay, France, at two different seasons and at different times of the emersion period. Fluxes through the sediment-water interface were both calculated from vertical profiles of nutrient concentration in pore-water (diffusive fluxes, JD) and measured in light and dark benthic mini-chambers (measured fluxes, J sub(0)). Results indicate that ammonia was mainly released in summer while nitrate was mainly taken up in late winter. This uptake from the overlying water was probably due to the coupling of nitrification-denitrification within the sediment. The J sub(0) /J sub(D) ratio further indicates that bioturbation likely enhanced ammonia release in summer. Concerning phosphate, the comparison of diffusive and measured fluxes suggests that PO sub(4) super(3-) could be assimilated by the biofilm in winter while it was released in summer at a high rate due to both bioturbation and desorption because of the relative summer anoxic conditions. Silica was always released by the sediment, but at a higher rate in summer. Statistically significant differences in measured fluxes were detected in dark chambers at different times of low tide, thus suggesting a short-term variability of fluxes. Microphytobenthos preferred ammonia to nitrate, but assimilated nitrate when ammonia was not available. It also turned out that benthic cells could be limited in nitrogen during low tide in late winter. In summer, ammonia was not limiting and microphytobenthic activity significantly decreased the measured flux of NH sub(4) super(+) in the middle of low tide when its photosynthetic capacity was highest.

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The effect of fish farming on dissolved amino acid concentrations, bacterioplankton abundance and exoproteolytic activity was assessed in 3 experimental marine ponds. Different standing stocks of fish were introduced (semi-intensive pond: 250 g.m(-2); semi-extensive pond: 50 g.m(-2) control pond: 0). Sea bass farming increased dissolved combined amino acid (DCAA) concentrations only in the semi-intensive pond. Bacterial standing stock was unaffected by fish food supply. However, bacterial exoproteolytic activity was strongly stimulated by aquaculture intensification; the average maximal rate of dissolved protein hydrolysis (V-m) increased with intensity (control pond: 1 500 nM.h(-1); semi-extensive pond: 2 600 nM.h(-1) semi-intensive pond: 5 100 nM.h(-1)). DCAA fluxes through bacterial exoproteolytic activity ranged between 16 (semi-extensive) and 11% (semi-intensive) of the daily nitrogen input by fish food. Bacterial exoproteolytic activity allowed a substantial part of the increased supply of dissolved amino nitrogen to be incorporated into bacterial biomass, then available for transfer to higher trophic levels within the ponds. It also significantly decreased dissolved organic nitrogen export from the ponds to the surrounding environment.

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Piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) is a Brazilian migratory fast-growing omnivore, very appreciated as a sport fish, which is threatened to extinction in Southern Brazil due to stock over exploitation and dam building. Therefore, efforts have been made to raise this fish in captivity for reintroduction and aquaculture purposes. In the present study, the effects of different dietary protein and lipid concentrations on piracanjuba fingerlings growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and activity of the lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthetase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) were investigated using a 2 x 3 factorial experiment. Six casein-gelatin based diets were prepared combining two protein (30% and 32%) and three lipid concentrations (5.5%, 8.8% and 12.1%). Eleven fish, average weight 11.30 +/- 0.1 g, were held in each of 18 100-1 aquaria, supplied with recirculating freshwater. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fish and fed to apparent satiation, twice a day for 100 d. Piracanjuba fingerlings' daily weight gain (0.36-0.40 g), specific growth rate (1.43-1.51%), feed utilization and HSI were not influenced by dietary protein or lipid concentration. However, body composition was directly affected by dietary treatment. An increase in body fat and dry matter was observed as dietary lipid increased, for both dietary protein concentrations tested. The activity of FAS was depressed by increasing dietary fat levels but the G6PD activity did not differ among dietary treatments, although ME activity showed some regulation by dietary protein. These results indicate that an increase from 5.5% to 12.1% in the dietary lipid, at a dietary protein concentration of 30% or 32%, promotes body fat accumulation in piracanjuba fingerlings with no improvement in growth, suggesting that the lipid requirement for this species should be 5% or less, when raised for commercial purposes. However, the additional energy reserve from body fat accumulation could be desirable for piracanjuba fingerlings produced for stock enhancement. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS and Ifremer/IRD/Inra/Cemagref. All rights reserved.