Instal·lacions d'una nau magatzem per a un club de golf i automatització del seu reg

El projecte efectua la descripció i càlcul de les instal·lacions d'una nau magatzem per a un club de golf, així com l’automatització del reg i adobament de la gespa per tal d���optimitzar els recursos hídrics. La part de les instal·lacions s’ha separat en cinc blocs en els quals s’ha efectuat una descripció de les característiques de les diferents instal·lacions, el càlcul de línies elèctriques, dimensionament dels equips, col·lectors i distàncies, complint els objectius inicials i la reglamentació vigent. Pel que fa l’automatització del procés, s’han complert els objectius d���optimitzar els recursos hídrics de què disposava el club, aprofitant al màxim les aigües pluvials recollides i permetent la fertilització de la gespa, de manera homogènia a tot el camp

ARI: Agent Recaptador d'Informació : desenvolupament d'una aplicació que reculli informació de portals web dedicats a la gestió de premsa

Tenint en compte l’evolució a Internet dels portals d���informació dels mitjans de comunicació, sorgeix la idea d���un motor de cerca orientat a la recaptació de notícies dispersades per les diferents pàgines web dels grans mitjans de comunicació espanyols, que permetés obtenir informació sobre “descriptors contractats” pels usuaris d���un portal. El primer objectiu és l’anàlisi de les necessitats que es volen cobrir per a un hipotètic client de l’aplicació, el segon és en l’àmbit algorítmic, cal obtenir una metodologia de treball que permeti l’obtenció de la notícia. En l’àmbit de la programació es consideren tres etapes: descarregar les pàgines web necessàries, que es farà mitjançant les eines que proporciona la llibreria cUrl; l’anàlisi de les notícies (obtenir tots els enllaços que corresponen a notícies, filtrar els descriptors per decidir si cal guardar la notícia, analitzar l’estructura interna de les notícies seleccionades per guardar-ne només les parts establertes), i la base de dades que ens ha de permetre organitzar i gestionar les notícies escollides

Aplicació en línia d'un sistema variable de control multivariable en un Reactor ..

L’objecte del present treball és la realització d���una aplicació que permeti portar a terme el control estad��stic multivariable en línia d���una planta SBR. Aquesta eina ha de permetre realitzar un anàlisi estad��stic multivariable complet del lot en procés, de l’últim lot finalitzat i de la resta de lots processats a la planta. L’aplicació s’ha de realitzar en l’entorn LabVIEW. L’elecció d���aquest programa ve condicionada per l’actualització del mòdul de monitorització de la planta que s’està desenvolupant en aquest mateix entorn

Portabilitat d'aplicacions de PC a PDA mitjançant un cas d'estudi : ScummVM

L’objectiu del treball és estudiar la portabilitat dels programes que han estat originalment dissenyats per a un PC a un dispositiu mòbil, en concret a un PDA amb el sistema operatiu Palm OS. Per al nostre treball, hem escollit una aplicació com a cas d���estudi que ens permet donar solucions a les limitacions que presenta el dispositiu amb Palm OS. Aquesta aplicació s’anomena ScummVM, i es tracta d���una implementació de codi lliure del conegut motor de videojocs SCUMM, creat i utilitzat per LucasArts en les seves aventures gràfiques. Donarem possibles solucions a la problemàtica que genera el fet que la pantalla del dispositiu mòbil utilitzat tingui una resolució de 160x160 a l’hora de mostrar imatges i textos renderitzats per una resolució superior. També solucionarem el problema que representa el fet de no tenir ratolí, ni altres dispositius d���entrada i sortida tradicionals. La intenció és explicar també el procés que s’hauria de seguir per poder portar aplicacions de PC a Palm OS i les eines que s’utilitzarien. Tot això es farà sempre de la manera menys invasiva possible, és a dir, els canvis al codi font de l’aplicació original seran els mínims per garantir el correcte funcionament del programa en la nova plataforma

Disseny i construcció d'un motor 3D en temps real per la Gameboy Advance

El projecte desenvolupat ha tractat l’estudi i disseny d���un motor 3D interactiu a la consola Game Boy Advance (GBA). La GBA disposa d���un processador ARM7TDMI a 16’78 Mhz i no disposa de operacions 3D per-hardware, és una consola lenta en comparació les que podem trobar al mercat d���avui en dia. Aquest treball, va partir de la construcció d���un prototipus ray-casting per-columna. Després, vàrem adaptar-lo a una estructura de portals i sectors. Més tard, es va introduir el mapeig de sostre/terra i de paisatges. Per últim, vàrem introduir efectes a la renderització per donar més realisme al recorregut del món, com il·luminació, objectes, etc. Tot i que es va estudiar l’arquitectura d���un motor eficient, no es tenia prou per arribar a tenir un motor interactiu. Una de les tasques més difícils va ser la part de optimització. Per aconseguir-ho s’ha hagut de substituir operacions a temps real costoses a temps de execució, replantejar parts de l’algorisme per fer-lo més eficient, entre altres

Desenvolupament d'una plataforma informàtica per al tractament, manipulació i visualització de dades card��aques

El processament de dades card��aques és, sinó el que més, un dels més complexes de tractar. El problema principal és que a diferència d���altres parts de l’organisme, el cor del pacient està en moviment continu. Aquest moviment queda representat en les imatges generades pels aparells de captació en forma de soroll. Aquest soroll no només dificulta la detecció de les patologies per part dels cardiòlegs i els especialistes sinó que també en moltes ocasions limita l’aplicació de certes tècniques i mètodes. Així per exemple, l’aplicació de mètodes de visualització 3D (mètodes que permeten generar una representació 3D d���un òrgan) que poden aplicar-se fàcilment en visualització de dades del cervell no són aplicables sobre dades de cor. El Grup d���Informàtica Gràfica de la Universitat de Girona, juntament amb l’Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge (IDI) de l'hospital Dr. Josep Trueta, està col·laborant en el desenvolupament de noves eines informàtiques que donin suport al diagnòstic. Una de les prioritats actuals de l'IDI és el tractament de malalties card��aques. Es disposa d���una plataforma anomenada Starviewer que integra les operacions bàsiques de manipulació i visualització de dades mèdiques. L’objectiu d���aquest projecte és el de desenvolupar i integrar en la plataforma Starviewer els mòduls necessaris per poder tractar, manipular i visualitzar dades card��aques provinents de ressònancies magnètiques

Miquel Mai (ca. 1480-1546). Art i cultura a la cort de Carles V

The doctoral thesis was an study about Miquel Mai, a polític, jurist, bibliophile and art collector in Barcelona in the first half of the XVI century. The thesis presents the figure of Miquel Mai by his biographic history, with emphasis in the principals chapters that he was participant. After, there was a chapter whose principal theme its the connection between Miquel Mai and the Erasmism movement. Third, it was an analysis of all the art objects that Miquel Mai accumulates. Fourth, the thesis explores the library (formed by more than 2000 books). And finally, we studied the relationship between the art objects who decorate the library and the same books that was in the library.

Słowo wstępne: W obliczu nadchodzącej fali reform szkolnictwa wyższego w Polsce. Argumentacja i wizja wspierająca najważniejsze kierunki zmian

Polska zrobiła w obszarze reform w latach 2009-2011 pierwsze kroki w kierunku, na który patrzymy bardzo życzliwie. Jednak pierwsze kroki wymagają kroków kolejnych – bardziej stanowczych i bardziej skoordynowanych, opartych na fundamencie zmian już wprowadzanych w życie – którym będzie towarzyszyć przekonująca wizja przyszłości, a także adekwatne do skali przewidywanych zmian publiczne nakłady finansowe. Wizja jest niezbędna. Wspólnota akademicka, a przede wszystkim jej najmłodsze pokolenie, musi wiedzieć, na jakich podstawach ma budować swoją akademicką przyszłość i czy jest w stanie się w niej odnaleźć. Warto jasno powiedzieć, że z czasem pojawi się bardziej zróżnicowany system instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego, o różnych możliwościach i różnych zadaniach w różnych miejscach, realizujących różne misje i oferujących różne możliwości awansowe i finansowe. Warto powiedzieć, że niezbędne – ale i możliwe – będ�� pionowe migracje w ramach różnicującego się systemu w zależności od indywidualnych zdolności, umiejętności, pracowitości, a przede wszystkim mierzalnych osiągnięć naukowych. Należy także przypomnieć, że profesja akademicka nie daje równych szans wszystkim, ponieważ talenty naukowe w ramach wspólnoty akademickiej nie rozkładają się równo, ale z pewnością daje duże szanse najzdolniejszym; że w najlepszych ośrodkach naukowy wymiar kariery akademickiej, tak jak w świecie zachodnim, jest najważniejszy, a wszystkie pozostałe są tylko jego tłem; że z czasem wzorce pracy akademickiej i wzorce akademickich zarobków – w wybranych miejscach i dla wybranych grup badaczy – będ�� przypominać wzorce znane z najlepszych systemów zachodnich; i wreszcie, że w tych wybranych miejscach (zwanych uniwersytetami badawczymi czy flagowymi) uprawianie nauki nie będzie jednostkowym, częściowo niezrozumiałym i częściowo jedynie tolerowanym, hobby.

Linking Canadian Harvested Juvenile American Black Ducks to Their Natal Areas Using Stable Isotope (δD, δ13C, and δ15N) Methods

Understanding source-sink dynamics of game birds is essential to harvest and habitat management but acquiring this information is often logistically and financially challenging using traditional methods of population surveys and banding studies. This is especially true for species such as the American Black Duck (Anas rubripes), which have low breeding densities and extensive breeding ranges that necessitate extensive surveys and banding programs across eastern North America. Despite this effort, the contribution of birds fledged from various landscapes and habitat types within specific breeding ranges to regional harvest is largely unknown but remains an important consideration in adaptive harvest management and targeted habitat conservation strategies. We investigated if stable isotope (δD, δ13C, δ15N) could augment our present understanding of connectivity between breeding and harvest areas and so provide information relevant to the two main management strategies for black ducks, harvest and habitat management. We obtained specimens from 200 hatch-year Black Duck wings submitted to the Canadian Wildlife Service Species Composition Survey. Samples were obtained from birds harvested in Western, Central, and Eastern breeding/harvest subregions to provide a sample representative of the range and harvest rate of birds harvested in Canada. We sampled only hatch-year birds to provide an unambiguous and direct link between production and harvest areas. Marine origins were assigned to 12%, 7%, and 5% of birds harvested in the Eastern, Central, and Western subregions, respectively. In contrast, 32%, 9%, and 5% of birds were assigned, respectively, to agricultural origins. All remaining birds were assigned to nonagricultural origins. We portrayed probability of origin using a combination of Bayesian statistical and GIS methods. Placement of most eastern birds was western Nova Scotia, eastern New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and southern Newfoundland. Agricultural birds from the Central region were consistent with the Saguenay region of Québec and the eastern claybelt with nonagricultural birds originating in the boreal. Western nonagricultural birds were associated with broad boreal origins from southern James Bay to Lake of the Woods and east to Cochrane, Ontario. Our work shows that the geographic origins, landscape, and habitat associations of hatch-year Black Ducks can be inferred using this technique and we recommend that a broad-scale isotopic study using a large sample of Canadian and US harvested birds be implemented to provide a continental perspective of source-sink population dynamics.

Distribution of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the leaves of Brassica rapa under varying exogenous Ca and Mg supply

Background and Aims Leafy vegetable Brassica crops are an important source of dietary calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and represent potential targets for increasing leaf Ca and Mg concentrations through agronomy or breeding. Although the internal distribution of Ca and Mg within leaves affects the accumulation of these elements, such data are not available for Brassica. The aim of this study was to characterize the internal distribution of Ca and Mg in the leaves of a vegetable Brassica and to determine the effects of altered exogenous Ca and Mg supply on this distribution. Methods Brassica rapa ssp. trilocularis ‘R-o-18’ was grown at four different Ca:Mg treatments for 21 d in a controlled environment. Concentrations of Ca and Mg were determined in fully expanded leaves using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Internal distributions of Ca and Mg were determined in transverse leaf sections at the base and apex of leaves using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) with cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Key Results Leaf Ca and Mg concentrations were greatest in palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, respectively, although this was dependent on exogenous supply. Calcium accumulation in palisade mesophyll cells was enhanced slightly under high Mg supply; in contrast, Mg accumulation in spongy mesophyll cells was not affected by Ca supply. Conclusions The results are consistent with Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicaceae, providing phenotypic evidence that conserved mechanisms regulate leaf Ca and Mg distribution at a cellular scale. The future study of Arabidopsis gene orthologues in mutants of this reference B. rapa genotype will improve our understanding of Ca and Mg homeostasis in plants and may provide a model-to-crop translation pathway for targeted breeding.

X‑ray crystal structure of rac-[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ with d(ATGCAT)2 shows enantiomer orientations and water ordering

We report an atomic resolution X-ray crystal structure containing both enantiomers of rac-[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ with the d-(ATGCAT)2 DNA duplex (phen = phenanthroline; dppz = dipyridophenazine). The first example of any enantiomeric pair crystallized with a DNA duplex shows different orientations of the Λ and Δ binding sites, separated by a clearly defined structured water monolayer. Job plots show that the same species is present in solution. Each enantiomer is bound at a TG/CA step and shows intercalation from the minor groove. One water molecule is directly located on one phenazine N atom in the Δ-enantiomer only.

Pressure-induced electrical and structural anomalies in Pb(1-x)Ca(x)TiO(3) thin films grown at various oxygen pressures by chemical solution route

Lead calcium titanate (Pb(1-x)Ca(x)TiO(3) or PCT) thin films have been thermally treated under different oxygen pressures, 10, 40 and 80 bar, by using the so-called chemical solution deposition method. The structural, morphological, dielectric and ferroelectric properties were characterized by x-ray diffraction, FT-infrared and Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and polarization-electric-field hysteresis loop measurements. By annealing at a controlled pressure of around 10 and 40 bar, well-crystallized PCT thin films were successfully prepared. For the sample submitted to 80 bar, the x-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed-infrared and Raman data indicated deviation from the tetragonal symmetry. The most interesting feature in the Raman spectra is the occurrence of intense vibrational modes at frequencies of around 747 and 820 cm(-1), whose presence depends strongly on the amount of the pyrochlore phase. In addition, the Raman spectrum indicates the presence of symmetry-breaking disorder, which would be expected for an amorphous (disorder) and mixed pyrochlore-perovskite phase. During the high-pressure annealing process, the crystallinity and the grain size of the annealed film decreased. This process effectively suppressed both the dielectric and ferroelectric behaviour. Ferroelectric hysteresis loop measurements performed on these PCT films exhibited a clear decrease in the remanent polarization with increasing oxygen pressure.

Studies of the human lymphocyte P2Z receptor and its activation of phospholipase D

Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is an agonist for the P2Z receptor of human leukaemic lymphocytes and opens a Ca ²⁺-selective ion channel, which also conducts Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺ and the small fluorescent dye, ethidium⁺. A wide range of receptor agonists, many of which raise cytosolic [Ca<sup>2+] activate phospholipase D (PLD). In the present study, it was shown that both ATP and 3′-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (BzATP) stimulated PLD activity in a concentration-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effects of suramin, oxidised ATP, extracellular Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ suggested that the effect of these agonists is mediated by P2Z receptors. The role of divalent cations in ATP-stimulated PLD activity was investigated. Several agonists (eg ATP, thapsigargin, ionomycin) stimulated a rise in cytosolic [Ca<sup>2+] in human lymphocytes, but only ATP and ionomycin stimulated PLD activity. When Ca<sup>2+ influx was prevented by EGTA, the majority of ATP-stimulated and all of ionomycin-stimulated PLD activity was inhibited. Preloading cells with the Ca<sup>2+ chelator, BAPTA, reduced cytosolic [Ca<sup>2+] and, paradoxically, ATP-stimulated PLD activity was potentiated. ATP-stimulated PLD activity was supported by both Ba²⁺ and Sr²⁺ when they were substituted for extracellular Ca<sup>2+. Furthermore, both ATP-stimulated PLD activity and ATP-stimulated ¹³³Ba²⁺ influx showed a linear dependence on extracellular [Ba²⁺]. Thus it was concluded that ATP stimulated PLD activity in direct proportion to the influx of divalent cations through the P2Z ion channel and this PLD activity was insensitive to changes in bulk cytosolic [Ca<sup>2+]. The calmodulin (Ca<sup>2+/CaM) inhibitor, trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibited ionomycin- and ATP-stimulated PLD activity and ATP-stimulated apoptosis, but had no effect on PLD activity already activated by ATP. However, TFP inhibited ATP-stimulated Ca<sup>2+, Ba²⁺ and ethidium⁺ fluxes, at concentrations below those which inhibit Ca<sup>2+/CaM, suggesting that TFP inhibits the P2Z receptor. Similarly, the isoquinolinesulphonamide, KN-62, a selective inhibitor of Ca<sup>2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), also prevented ATP-stimulated apoptosis, but had no effect on pre-activated PLD. In addition, KN-62, and an analogue, KN-04, which has no effect on CaMKII, potently inhibited ATP-stimulated Ba²⁺ influx (IC₅₀ 12.7 ± 1.5 and 17.3 ± 2.7 nM, respectively), ATP-stimulated ethidium⁺ uptake (IC₅₀ 13.1 ± 2.6 and 37.2 ± 8.9 nM, respectively), ATP-stimulated phospholipase D activity (50% inhibition 5.9 ± 1.2 and 9.7 ± 2.8 nM, respectively) and ATP-induced shedding of the surface adhesion molecule, L-selectin (IC₅₀ 31.5 ± 4.5 and 78.7 ± 10.8 nM, respectively). They did not inhibit phorbol ester- or ionomycin-stimulated PLD activity or phorbol ester-induced L-selectin shedding. Neither KN-62 nor KN-04 (both 500 nM) have any effect on UTP-stimulated Ca<sup>2+ transients in fura-2-loaded human neutrophils, a response which is mediated by the P2Y₂ receptor, neither did they inhibit ATP-stimulated contractile responses mediated by the P2X₁ receptor of guinea pig urinary bladder. Thus, KN-62 and KN-04 are almost equipotent as P2Z inhibitors with IC₅₀s in the nanomolar, indicating that their actions cannot be due to CaMKII inhibition, but rather that they are potent and direct inhibitors of the P2Z receptor. Extracellular ATP-induced shedding of L-selectin from lymphocytes into the medium is a Ca<sup>2+-independent response. L-selectin is either cleaved by a metalloproteinase or a PLD with specificity for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). The novel hydroxamic acid-based zinc chelator, Ro-31-9790 blocks ATP-induced L-selectin shedding, but was without effect on ATP-induced Ba²⁺ influx or ATP-stimulated PLD activity. Furthermore, another zinc chelator, 1,10-phenanthroline, an inhibitor of a GPI-PLD, potentiated rather than inhibited ATP-stimulated PLD activity, suggesting that ATP-induced L-selectin shedding and ATP-stimulated PLD activity are independent of each other. Although extracellular ATP is the natural ligand for the lymphocyte P2Z receptor, it is less potent than BzATP in stimulating Ba²⁺ influx. Concentration-response curves for BzATP- and ATP-stimulated ethidium⁺ influx gave EC₅₀s 15.4 ± 1.4 µM and 85.6 ± 8.8 µM, respectively. The maximal response to ATP was only 69.8 ± 1.9% of that for BzATP. Hill coefficients were 3.17 ± 0.24 and 2.09 ± 0.45 for BzATP and ATP respectively, suggesting greater positive cooperativity for BzATP than for ATP in opening the P2Z-operated ion channel. A rank order of agonist potency of BzATP > ATP = 2MeSATP > ATPγS was observed for agonist-stimulated ethidium⁺ influx, while maximal influxes followed a rank order of BzATP > ATP > 2MeSATP > ATPγS. When ATP (300 -1000 µM) was added simultaneously with 30 µM BzATP (EC₉₀), it reduced both ethidium⁺ and Ba²⁺ fluxes by 30 - 40% relative to values observed with BzATP alone. KN-62, previously shown to be a specific inhibitor of the lymphocyte P2Z receptor, was a less potent antagonist of BzATP-induced fluxes than ATP, when maximal concentrations of both agonists (50 and 500 µM respectively) were used. However, when BzATP (18 µM) was used at a concentration equiactive with a maximally effective ATP concentration, KN-62 showed the same inhibitory potency for both agonists. The ecto-ATPase antagonist, ARL-67156, inhibited both ATP- and BzATP-stimulated Ba²⁺ influx, suggesting that the lower efficacy of ATP compared with BzATP was not due to preferential hydrolysis of ATP. Thus, the natural ligand, ATP, is a partial agonist for the P2Z receptor while BzATP is a full agonist. Moreover the competitive studies show that only a single class of P2-receptor (P2Z class) is expressed on human leukaemic lymphocytes. Both ATP- and BzATP-stimulated PLD activity were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) when cells were suspended in iso-osmotic choline Cl medium. Choline⁺ was found to be a permeant for the P2Z ion channel, since ATP induced a large uptake of [¹⁴C]choline⁺ (60 to 150 µmol/ml intracellular water) during a 5 min incubation, which remained in the cells for several hours, and ATP was used to load cells with these levels of choline⁺. Intracellular choline⁺ inhibited ATP-, BzATP-, PMA- and ionomycin-stimulated PLD activity. Brief exposure of lymphocytes to ATP increased the subsequent basal rate of ethidium⁺ uptake, and this was prevented by intracellular choline⁺. It is proposed that P2Z-mediated Ca<sup>2+ influx in lymphocytes activates PLD leading to significantly changes of the phospholipid composition of the plasma membrane, which subsequently produces a permeability lesion, which in turn contributes to cell death.

Biodegradable Mg-Zr-Ca alloys for bone implant materials

Mg&ndash;Zr&ndash;Ca alloys were developed for new biodegradable bone implant materials. The microstructure and mechanical property of the Mg&ndash;xZr&ndash;yCa [x=0&middot;5, 1&middot;0% and y=1&middot;0, 2&middot;0% (wt-% hereafter)] alloys were characterised by optical microscopy, compressive and hardness tests. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the alloys was assessed using osteoblast-like SaOS₂ cells. The corrosion behaviour of these alloys was evaluated by soaking the alloys in simulated body fluid (SBF) and modified minimum essential medium (MMEM). Results indicated that the mechanical properties of the Mg&ndash;Zr&ndash;Ca are in the range of the mechanical properties of natural bone. The corrosion rate and biocompatibility decreases with the increase in the Ca content in the Mg&ndash;Zr&ndash;Ca alloys. The solutions of SBF and MMEM with the immersion of the Mg&ndash;Zr&ndash;Ca alloys show strong alkalisation. The Zr addition to the Mg&ndash;Zr&ndash;Ca alloys leads to an increase in the corrosion resistance, compressive strength and the ductility of the alloys, and a decrease in the elastic modulus of the Mg&ndash;Zr&ndash;Ca alloys.