788 resultados para EXTRUSION
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Introdução: A extrusão apical detritos (EAD) consequência indesejável da instrumentação canalar pode ser associada a dor/edema, podendo atrasar a cicatrização periapical. O nosso trabalho teve como objectivo avaliar e quantificar a EAD em canais instrumentados por sistemas de instrumentação rotatória contínua e reciprocante. Materiais e Métodos: 80 dentes monocanalares sem tratamento endodôntico prévio foram aleatoriamente divididos em 4 grupos (n=20): One Shape® Protaper® NEXT, Hyflex® EDM e WaveOne® Gold. Um tubo de Eppendorf (TdE) foi pesado antecipadamente numa balança analítica de precisão e com um dente inserido foi montado num dispositivo modificado, similar ao método descrito por Myers & Montgomery. Os canais foram instrumentados e irrigados com água destilada. Os dentes instrumentados foram removidos dos TdE e estes preenchidos com água destilada até perfazer 1,5ml, incubados a 70ºC durante cinco dias sendo pesados novamente, calculando a diferença entre o peso inicial e final determinando o peso dos detritos. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o IBM SPSS Statistics 22, considerando α=0,05. Efetuaram-se testes Kruskal-Wallis e post-hoc com ajustamento do ρ-value pelo método Dunn-Bonferroni. Resultados: Houve EAD em todas as técnicas de instrumentação. A análise estatística mostrou haver diferenças significativas na EAD entre as técnicas utilizadas (α=0,002). Entre as técnicas WaveOne® Gold e One Shape® (α=0,003), WaveOne® Gold e Protaper® NEXT (α=0,023) e WaveOne® Gold e Hyflex® EDM (α=0,028). Conclusões: A técnica One Shape® apresentou menor EAD e a técnica WaveOne® Gold com movimento reciprocante constitui maior fator de risco tendo apresentado maior EAD. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que os profissionais devem estar cientes para a EAD que pode ocorrer com cada instrumento, o que poderá servir de base para a selecção de um instrumento particular. Implicações clínicas: A escolha do sistema de instrumentação canalar influencia a extrusão de detritos. Fontes de financiamento: Agradecimentos as empresas; Micro-Mega, França, COLTÉNE e Dentsply Maillefer, Suíça.
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Os dentes decíduos têm, além de outras funções, manter o espaço para o correto posicionamento dos permanentes, mas quando são perdidos precocemente, há uma migração dos dentes adjacentes para este local da perda, o que pode levar ao fechamento ou redução do espaço destinado à erupção do dente sucessor, ao encurtamento do arco e também à extrusão do dente antagonista. Caso aconteça, a manutenção do comprimento do arco dentário é extremamente necessária, visando a prevenção de futuras más oclusões. Este estudo tem por objetivo fazer uma breve revisão da literatura de um aparelho muito utilizado e extremamente útil na manutenção de um espaço criado por perdas precoces indesejáveis, que é o arco lingual de Nance. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados: Pub Med e bibliotecas online. As palavras chave utilizadas foram “dentição mista”, “mantenedor de espaço” e “arco lingual de Nance”, em conjunto ou individualmente. Também foram consultados livros e teses. Concluiu-se que, quando ocorrem perdas uni ou bilaterais de um ou mais molares decíduos mandibulares, o mantenedor de espaço de eleição é o arco lingual.
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Micropapillary serous borderline tumor of the ovary is characterized by a more frequent association with extraovarian, especially invasive, implants. The aim of this study was to report the clinicopathological findings of a rare case of micropapillary serous borderline tumor of the ovary since there are less than 100 similar cases in the published literature. Additionally, the successful management of evisceration that complicated the postoperative stay of the patient is analyzed. The incidence of this severe complication is estimated between 0.29-2.3%. There are four main causes: suture tearing through the fascia, knot failure, suture failure, and extrusion of abdominal contents between sutures placed too far apart. At least 50% of the cases are due to technical error with a potentially lethal result.
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No plantio do arroz parte de um corpo d’água (rio, lago, lagoa) é desviado para a irrigação da plantação, e, posteriormente, a água utilizada nas lavouras é devolvida ao rio/lago/lagoa de origem. Assim, seja por lixiviação ou por qualquer outro fator, a água entra em contato com os agrotóxicos que, anteriormente, foram utilizados na plantação, podendo causar danos à qualidade do recurso hídrico e à fauna lacustre, devido à exposição a estes poluentes. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a citotoxicidade de agrotóxicos (herbicida e inseticida), utilizados na rizicultura no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em células hepáticas da linhagem ZF-L. A partir da análise de funcionalidade de três alvos celulares diferentes, integridade da membrana celular, estabilidade lisossomal e atividade mitocondrial frente à exposição ao Roundup Transorb® , ao Furadan 350 SC® e à associação destes produtos. Foi analisada ainda, a capacidade de defesa das células, expostas aos poluentes escolhidos, no que diz respeito à atividade de proteínas extrusoras de xenobióticos, assim como à expressão de tais proteínas. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi verificado efeito citotóxico de ambos os agrotóxicos, bem como a mistura destes para todos os alvos verificados, apresentando ainda efeito inibitório à atividade de extrusão de xenobióticos pelas glicoproteínas P (P-gps). Apenas quando expostas ao inseticida e à mistura as células apresentaram um aumento na expressão de glicoproteínas (P-gp). Verificou-se a existência de correlação negativa entre a citotoxicidade apresentada, principalmente na atividade mitocondrial e na integridade lisossomo e a atividade das P-gps. Em conclusão, percebeu-se que as concentrações abaixo do permitido pela legislação brasileira, para os princípios ativos dos agrotóxicos testados, mostraram-se tóxicas para todos os alvos de citotoxicidade testados neste estudo, com exceção da mitocôndria, sugerindo que esta toxicidade apresentada pode ser devido aos surfactantes presentes nas formulações comerciais.
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A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) considera todo o ciclo de vida do produto, desde a extração e obtenção da matérias-primas, passando pela produção e fabrico de materiais e energia, até ao tratamento de fim de vida e destino final do produto. As Declarações Ambientais de Produto (DAP) são declarações ambientais Tipo III que apresentam um conjunto de informação quantificada e fidedigna, que funciona como uma excelente ferramenta de comunicação relativa ao desempenho ambiental do produto ao longo do seu ciclo de vida. Este relatório de estágio visa, por um lado, analisar os impactes ambientais no decurso do processo de produção do perfil de alumínio sujeito ao tratamento acetinado 20 natural (AC20NA) e, por outro, elaborar um relatório de suporte, que servirá de base para o desenvolvimento da DAP do perfil de alumínio AC20NA a submeter ao sistema DAPHabitat. O relatório foi elaborado tendo por base a norma EN 15804 e inclui as fases obrigatórias (A1-A3). Desta forma, utilizou-se ao software SimaPro para a análise dos impactes ambientais das várias fases do processo de fabrico do perfil de alumínio em estudo. As fases consideradas foram a extrusão, a anodização (tratamento de superfície), a Estação de Tratamento de águas Residuais Industriais (ETARI) e a embalagem. A fase que mais contribui para as diferentes categorias de impacte é a extrusão, uma vez que é nesta fase que é utilizada a matéria-prima para a produção dos perfis de aluminío.
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There are ores of clay in Piauí State that are used for red structural ceramics, which are naturally contaminated with calcareous vein. This is one thing that impedes its exploration in an adequate way, especially for tile production. The present work aims at verifying the influence of the calcareous contents in the technological structural ceramics area, seeking to determine a maximum permissible calcareous proportion/contents in the ceramic mass using the patterns of the local industry production. For the consecution of this paper, it was characterized the clay and calcareous material by FRX, DRX, TGA and DTA. It was also configurated by extrusion and burnt in the temperatures of 850°C, 900°C, 950°C and 1000°C pieces of the corpus with 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% of calcareous proportion. After that, it was carried out technological samples of linear retraction, water absortion, apparent porosity, specific apparent mass and mechanic resistance. The results showed the possibility of using calcareous in the ceramic mass and in some cases the technological properties got better
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Poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing using a montmorillonite-rich clay (MMT). The clay in natura was treated with acrylic acid to facilitate the dispersion in the polymer matrix. A masterbatch of PMMA/clay was prepared and combined with the pure PMMA and then subjected to extrusion process using singlescrew and twin-screw extruders followed by injection. Nanocomposites were processed with clay contents of 1, 3, 5 and 8 wt.%. The effect of shear processing on the morphology of the nanocomposites was evaluated by XRD, SEM and TEM. Thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated through TGA, DSC, HDT, VICAT, tensile and impact tests, to evaluate the effect of the addition of clay to the PMMA matrix. Flammability tests were also conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of clay on the flame retardation properties. SEM images of the nanocomposites indicated the presence of clay agglomerates, which resulted in the reduction of properties such as thermal stability, mechanical strength and impact resistance, and increased the rate of burning for materials processed by both extrusion routes
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Currently new polymeric materials have been developed to replace other of traditionally materials classes. The use of dyes allows to expand and to diversify the applications in the polymeric materials development. In this work the behavior and ability of azo dyes Disperse Blue 79 (DB79) and Disperse Red 73 (DR73) on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were studied. Two types of mixtures were used in the production of masterbatches: 1) rheometer 2) solution. Processing by extrusion-blow molding of PMMA was carried out in order to evaluate the applications of polymeric films. Thermal analysis were performed by thermogravimetry to evaluate polymer and azo dyes thermal stability. Colorimetric analysis were obtained through monitoring the spectral variations associated with sys/trans/anti azo dyes isomerization process Colorimetric data were treated and evaluated in accordance to the color system RGB and CIEL*ab, by monitoring the color change as function of time. Mechanical properties, characterized by tensile tests, were evaluated and correlated with the presence and content of azo dyes in the samples. Analyses by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were performed on the surfaces of samples to check the azo dye dispersion after the mixing process. It was concluded that the production of PMMA/azo dyes is possible and feasible, and the mixtures produced had synergy of properties for use in various applications
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Currently the search for new materials with properties suitable for specific applications has increased the number of researches that aim to address market needs. The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is one of the most important polymers of the family of polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, especially for its unique optical properties and weathering resistance, and exceptional hardness and gloss. The development of polymer composites by the addition of inorganic fillers to the PMMA matrix increases the potential use of this polymer in various fields of application. The most commonly used inorganic fillers are particles of silica (SiO2), modified clays, graphite and carbon nanotubes. The main objective of this work is the development of PMMA/SiO2 composites at different concentrations of SiO2, for new applications as engineering plastics. The composites were produced by extrusion of tubular film, and obtained via solution for application to commercial PMMA plates, and also by injection molding, for improved the abrasion and scratch resistance of PMMA without compromising transparency. The effects of the addition of silica particles in the polymer matrix properties were evaluated by the maximum tensile strength, hardness, abrasion and scratch resistance, in addition to preliminary characterization by torque rheometry and melt flow rate. The results indicated that it is possible to use silica particles in a PMMA matrix, and a higher silica concentration produced an increase of the abrasion and scratch resistance, hardness, and reduced tensile strength
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes, 2015.
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The natural raw materials acquired special importance beside the mineral raw materials with the need for using alternative sources to oil, because they can be used to produce biopolymers. Gelatin, produced from the denaturation of collagen, and starch, an abundant polysaccharide in various plants, are examples of biopolymers which have several technological applications, especially in films. The objective of this work is to produce polymeric bioblends with gelatin and corn starch using two types of gelatin: commercial bovine gelatin and gelatin produced from mechanically separated flesh of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). For the extraction of tilapia gelatin 3 distinct pretreatments, followed by extraction in distilled water under heating were performed. The properties of gelatin extracted were similar to bovine gelatin, and the differences can be explained by the difference in extraction processes and sources. Blends of commercial gelatin and starch were produced in an internal mixer from a Haake torque rheometer, to study the behavior of the gelatin mixture with starch, thus, the same compositions were processed by twin screw extrusion, to define the mixing parameters. Subsequently, the extrusion of blends of tilapia gelatin and corn starch was carried out in the same twin screw extruder. The physico-chemical, rheological and morphological properties of the blends with thermoplastic starch and gelatin were studied. It was found that various properties vary linearly with increasing concentration of the components. The blends produced are immiscible, and among the two gelatins, tilapia gelatin showed a better interfacial adhesion with the corn starch. Regarding the morphology, gelatins formed the dispersed phase in all compositions studied, even in compositions rich in starch. Can be concluded that the procedure for tilapia gelatin extraction is feasible and advantageous, and the increasing in its scale to a reactor of 30 liters is possible, with a satisfactory yield. The bioblends of bovine gelatin/corn starch and tilapia gelatin/corn starch were successfully produced, and the processing conditions were appropriate
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Heating rate is one of the main variables that determine a fire cycle. In industrial processes that use high temperatures, greater fire great can reduce the cost of production and increase productivity. The use of faster and more efficient fire cycles has been little investigated by the structural ceramic industry in Brazil. However, one of the possibilities that aims at modernizing the sector is the use of roller kilns and the inclusion of natural gas as fuel. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of heating rate on the technological properties of structural ceramic products. Clay raw materials from the main ceramic industries in the state of Rio Grande do Norte were characterized. Some of the raw materials characterized were formulated to obtain the best physical and mechanical properties. Next, raw materials and formulations were selected to study the influence of heating rate on the final properties of the ceramic materials. The samples were shaped by pressing and extrusion and submitted to rates of 1 °C/min, 10 °C/min and 20 °C/min, with final temperatures of 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C. Discontinuous cycles with rates of 10 °C/min or 15 °C/min up to 600 °C and a rate of 20 °C/min up to final temperature were also investigated. Technological properties were determined for all the samples and microstructural analysis was carried out under a number of fire conditions. Results indicate that faster and more efficient fire cycles than those currently in practice could be used, limiting only some clay doughs to certain fire conditions. The best results were obtained for the samples submitted to slow cycles up to 600 °C and fast fire sinterization up to 950 °C. This paper presents for the first time the use of a fast fire rate for raw materials and clay formulations and seeks to determine ideal dough and processing conditions for using shorter fire times, thus enabling the use of roller kilns and natural gas in structural ceramic industries